Applications of Asymptotic Analysis

This workshop focused on asymptotic analysis and its fundamental role in the derivation and understanding of the nonlinear structure of mathematical models in various fields of applications, its impact on the development of new numerical methods and on other fields of applied mathematics such as shape optimization. This was complemented by a review as well as the presentation of some of the latest developments of singular perturbation methods

Testing outer boundary treatments for the Einstein equations

Various methods of treating outer boundaries in numerical relativity are compared using a simple test problem: a Schwarzschild black hole with an outgoing gravitational wave perturbation. Numerical solutions computed using different boundary treatments are compared to a `reference' numerical solution obtained by placing the outer boundary at a very large radius. For each boundary treatment, the full solutions including constraint violations and extracted gravitational waves are compared to those of the reference solution, thereby assessing the reflections caused by the artificial boundary. These tests use a first-order generalized harmonic formulation of the Einstein equations. Constraint-preserving boundary conditions for this system are reviewed, and an improved boundary condition on the gauge degrees of freedom is presented. Alternate boundary conditions evaluated here include freezing the incoming characteristic fields, Sommerfeld boundary conditions, and the constraint-preserving boundary conditions of Kreiss and Winicour. Rather different approaches to boundary treatments, such as sponge layers and spatial compactification, are also tested. Overall the best treatment found here combines boundary conditions that preserve the constraints, freeze the Newman-Penrose scalar Psi_0, and control gauge reflections.Comment: Modified to agree with version accepted for publication in Class. Quantum Gra

Dynamic radial deformations of nonlinear elastic structures. On the influence of constitutive modeling

Mención Internacional en el título de doctorThe objective of this dissertation is to develop a comprehensive theoretical approach to the role of the constitutive model on the dynamic radial deformations of nonlinear elastic structures. Using 1D and 2D models, cylindrical and spherical thick-walled shells are considered. These geometries are representative of man-made and natural structures that can be found in a wide variety of engineering applications and biological systems. Lead-rubber bearings, vibration isolators, peristaltic pumps, rubber bushings, saccular aneurysms or arteries are examples of nonlinear elastic structures with spherical and cylindrical geometries that are constantly subjected to all kinds of vibrational and dynamic loads. The research, which starts by considering isotropic, incompressible and rate independent constitutive models, is based on the systematic incorporation of compressibility, viscosity and anisotropy in the description of the mechanical response of the material. We investigate free and forced vibrations using different initial and boundary conditions: (1) ab initio elastic stored and kinetic energies, (2) constant radial pressures, (3) linearly time dependent radial pressures and (4) harmonic time dependent radial pressures. While the isotropic and incompressible 1D elastic structures subjected to constant pressure admit an analytical closed-form solution, all the other cases need to be solved numerically. To this end, we have developed in this work a number of specific numerical schemes. The overall outcome of this dissertation is to make it plain that the constitutive model used to describe the mechanical behavior of thick-walled shells plays a fundamental role in the nonlinear dynamics of such structures. In particular, we have demonstrated the influence of the constitutive model on: (1) the loss of oscillatory behavior of the structure, (2) the transition from periodic motions to quasi-periodic and chaotic motions, (3) the nonlinear resonances of the shells, (4) the propagation of shock waves within the structure and (5) the onset and development of cavitation instabilities.Programa Oficial de Doctorado en Ingeniería Mecánica y de Organización IndustrialPresidente: Ignacio Romero Olleros.- Secretario: Massimo Ruzzene.- Vocal: Antonio Morass

Semiannual report, 1 October 1990 - 31 March 1991

Research conducted at the Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering in applied mathematics, numerical analysis, and computer science is summarized

Kinematic dynamo action in large magnetic Reynolds number flows driven by shear and convection

Copyright © 2001 Cambridge University Press. Published version reproduced with the permission of the publisher.A numerical investigation is presented of kinematic dynamo action in a dynamically driven fluid flow. The model isolates basic dynamo processes relevant to field generation in the Solar tachocline. The horizontal plane layer geometry adopted is chosen as the local representation of a differentially rotating spherical fluid shell at co-latitude ϑ; the unit vectors x^, y^ and z^ point east, north and vertically upwards respectively. Relative to axes moving easterly with the local bulk motion of the fluid the rotation vector Ω lies in the (y,z)-plane inclined at an angle ϑ to the z-axis, while the base of the layer moves with constant velocity in the x-direction. An Ekman layer is formed on the lower boundary characterized by a strong localized spiralling shear flow. This basic state is destabilized by a convective instability through uniform heating at the base of the layer, or by a purely hydrodynamic instability of the Ekman layer shear flow. The onset of instability is characterized by a horizontal wave vector inclined at some angle ε to the x-axis. Such motion is two-dimensional, dependent only on two spatial coordinates together with time. It is supposed that this two-dimensionality persists into the various fully nonlinear regimes in which we study large magnetic Reynolds number kinematic dynamo action. When the Ekman layer flow is destabilized hydrodynamically, the fluid flow that results is steady in an appropriately chosen moving frame, and takes the form of a row of cat's eyes. Kinematic magnetic field growth is characterized by modes of two types. One is akin to the Ponomarenko dynamo mechanism and located close to some closed stream surface; the other appears to be associated with stagnation points and heteroclinic separatrices. When the Ekman layer flow is destabilized thermally, the well-developed convective instability far from onset is characterized by a flow that is intrinsically time-dependent in the sense that it is unsteady in any moving frame. The magnetic field is concentrated in magnetic sheets situated around the convective cells in regions where chaotic particle paths are likely to exist; evidence for fast dynamo action is obtained. The presence of the Ekman layer close to the bottom boundary breaks the up-down symmetry of the layer and localizes the magnetic field near the lower boundary

Parallel three-dimensional simulations of quasi-static elastoplastic solids

Hypo-elastoplasticity is a flexible framework for modeling the mechanics of many hard materials under small elastic deformation and large plastic deformation. Under typical loading rates, most laboratory tests of these materials happen in the quasi-static limit, but there are few existing numerical methods tailor-made for this physical regime. In this work, we extend to three dimensions a recent projection method for simulating quasi-static hypo-elastoplastic materials. The method is based on a mathematical correspondence to the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, where the projection method of Chorin (1968) is an established numerical technique. We develop and utilize a three-dimensional parallel geometric multigrid solver employed to solve a linear system for the quasi-static projection. Our method is tested through simulation of three-dimensional shear band nucleation and growth, a precursor to failure in many materials. As an example system, we employ a physical model of a bulk metallic glass based on the shear transformation zone theory, but the method can be applied to any elastoplasticity model. We consider several examples of three-dimensional shear banding, and examine shear band formation in physically realistic materials with heterogeneous initial conditions under both simple shear deformation and boundary conditions inspired by friction welding.Comment: Final version. Accepted for publication in Computer Physics Communication

Machine Learning for Closure Models in Multiphase-Flow Applications

Multiphase flows are described by the multiphase Navier-Stokes equations. Numerically solving these equations is computationally expensive, and performing many simulations for the purpose of design, optimization and uncertainty quantification is often prohibitively expensive. A cheaper, simplified model, the so-called two-fluid m