Maze solvers demystified and some other thoughts

There is a growing interest towards implementation of maze solving in spatially-extended physical, chemical and living systems. Several reports of prototypes attracted great publicity, e.g. maze solving with slime mould and epithelial cells, maze navigating droplets. We show that most prototypes utilise one of two phenomena: a shortest path in a maze is a path of the least resistance for fluid and current flow, and a shortest path is a path of the steepest gradient of chemoattractants. We discuss that substrates with so-called maze-solving capabilities simply trace flow currents or chemical diffusion gradients. We illustrate our thoughts with a model of flow and experiments with slime mould. The chapter ends with a discussion of experiments on maze solving with plant roots and leeches which show limitations of the chemical diffusion maze-solving approach.Comment: This is a preliminary version of the chapter to be published in Adamatzky A. (Ed.) Shortest path solvers. From software to wetware. Springer, 201

Street map analysis with excitable chemical medium

© 2018 American Physical Society. Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) thin layer solution is a fruitful substrate for designing unconventional computing devices. A range of logical circuits, wet electronic devices, and neuromorphic prototypes have been constructed. Information processing in BZ computing devices is based on interaction of oxidation (excitation) wave fronts. Dynamics of the wave fronts propagation is programed by geometrical constraints and interaction of colliding wave fronts is tuned by illumination. We apply the principles of BZ computing to explore a geometry of street networks. We use two-variable Oregonator equations, the most widely accepted and verified in laboratory experiments BZ models, to study propagation of excitation wave fronts for a range of excitability parameters, with gradual transition from excitable to subexcitable to nonexcitable. We demonstrate a pruning strategy adopted by the medium with decreasing excitability when wider and ballistically appropriate streets are selected. We explain mechanics of streets selection and pruning. The results of the paper will be used in future studies of studying dynamics of cities and characterizing geometry of street networks

Experimental and computational biomedicine : Russian Conference with International Participation in memory of Professor Vladimir S. Markhasin : abstract book

Toward 100 Anniversary of I. P. Pavlov's Physiological Society.The volume contains the presentations that were made during Russian conference with international participation "Experimental and Computational Biomedicine" dedicated to corresponding member of RAS V.S. Markhasin (Ekaterinburg, April 10‒12, 2016). The main purpose of the conference is the discussion of the current state of experimental and theoretical research in biomedicine. For a wide range of scientists, as well as for lecturers, students of the biological and medical high schools.Сборник содержит тезисы докладов, представленных на российской конференции с международным участием «Экспериментальная и компьютерная биомедицина», посвященной памяти члена‐корреспондента РАН В. С. Мархасина (г. Екатеринбург, 10‒12 апреля 2016 г.). Основной целью конференции является обсуждение современного состояния экспериментальных и теоретических исследований в области биомедицины. Сборник предназначен для ученых, преподавателей, студентов и аспирантов биологического и медицинского профиля.МАРХАСИН ВЛАДИМИР СЕМЕНОВИЧ (1941-2015)/ MARKHASIN VLADIMIR SEMENOVICH (1941-2015). [3] PROGRAMM COMMITTEE. [5] ORGANIZING COMMITTEE. [6] KEYNOTE SPEAKERS. [7] CONTENTS. [9] PLENARY LECTURES. [10] Fedotov S. Non-Markovian random walks and anomalous transport in biology. [10] Hoekstra A. Multiscale modelling in vascular disease. [10] Kohl P. Systems biology of the heart: why bother? [10] Meyerhans A. On the regulation of virus infection fates. [11] Panfilov A.V., Dierckx H., Kazbanov I., Vandersickel N. Systems approach to studying mechanisms of ventricular fibrillationusing anatomically accurate modeling. [11] Revishvili A.S. Atrial fibrillation. Noninvasive diagnostic and treatment:from fundamental studies to clinical practice. [12] Rice J. Life sciences research at IBM. [12] Roshchevskaya I.M., Smirnova S., Roshchevsky M.P. Regularities of the depolarization of an atria:an experimental comparative-physiological study. [12] Rusinov V.L., Chupahin O.N., Charushin V.N Scientific basis for development of antiviral drugs. [13] Solovyova O.E. Tribute Lecture. Mechano-electric heterogeneity of the myocardiumas a paradigm of its function. [13] Veksler V. Myocardial energy starvation in chronic heart failure:perspectives for metabolic therapy. [13] Wladimiroff J.W. Fetal cardiac assessment using new methodsof ultrasound examination. [14] Yushkov B.G., Chereshnev V.A. The important questions of regeneration theory. [14] EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL MODELS IN CARDIOVASCULARPHYSIOLOGY AND CARDIOLOGY. [15] EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL MODELS IN CARDIOVASCULARPHYSIOLOGY AND CARDIOLOGY. [15] Arteyeva N. T-wave area along with Tpeak-Tend interval is the most accurateindex of the dispersion of repolarization. [15] Borodin N., Iaparov B.Y., Moskvin A. Mathematical modeling of the calmodulin effect on the RyR2 gating. [15] Dokuchaev A., Katsnelson L.B., Sulman T.B., Shikhaleva E.V., Vikulova N.A. Contribution of cooperativity to the mechano-calcium feedbacksin myocardium. Experimental discrepancy and mathematicalapproach to overcome it. [16] Elman K.A., Filatova D.Y., Bashkatova Y.V., Beloschenko D.V. The stochastic and chaotic estimation of parametersof cardiorespiratory system of students of Ugra. [16] Erkudov V.O., Pugovkin A.P., Verlov N.A., Sergeev I.V., Ievkov S.A., Mashood S., Bagrina J.V. Characteristics of the accuracy of calculation of values of systemic blood pressure using transfer functions in experimental blood loss and its compensation. [16] Ermolaev P., Khramykh T.Mechanisms of cardiodepression after 80% liver resection in rats. [17] Filatova O.E., Rusak S.N., Maystrenko E.V., Dobrynina I.Y. Aging dynamics of cardio-vascular parameters аboriginal systemand alien population of the Russian North. [17] Frolova S., Agladze K.I., Tsvelaya V., Gaiko O. Photocontrol of voltage-gated ion channel activity by azobenzenetrimethylammonium bromide in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. [18] Gorbunov V.S., Agladze K.I., Erofeev I.S. The application of C-TAB for excitation propagation photocontrolin cardiac tissue. [18] Iribe G. Localization of TRPC3 channels estimated by in-silicoand cellular functional experiments. [19] Kachalov V.N., Tsvelaya V., Agladze K.I. Conditions of the spiral wave unpinning from the heterogeneitywith different boundary conditions in a model of cardiac tissue. [19] Kalita I., Nizamieva A.A., Tsvelaya V., Kudryashova N., Agladze K.I. The influence of anisotropy on excitation wave propagationin neonatal rat cardiomyocytes monolayer. [19] Kamalova Y. The designing of vectorcardiograph prototype. [20] Kapelko V., Shirinsky V.P., Lakomkin V., Lukoshkova E., Gramovich V.,Vyborov O., Abramov A., Undrovinas N., Ermishkin V. Models of chronic heart failure with acute and gradual onset. [20] Khassanov I., Lomidze N.N., Revishvili A.S. Remote Patient Monitoring and Integration of Medical Data. [20] Kislukhin V. Markov chain for an indicator passing throughoutcardio-vascular system (CVS). [21] Konovalov P.V., Pravdin S., Solovyova O.E., Panfilov A.V. Influence of myocardial heterogeneity on scroll wave dynamicsin an axisymmetrical anatomical model of the left ventricle of thehuman heart. [21] Koshelev A., Pravdin S., Ushenin K.S., Bazhutina A.E. An improved analytical model of the cardiac left ventricle. [22] Lookin O., Protsenko Y.L. Sex-related effects of stretch on isometric twitch and Ca2+ transientin healthy and failing right ventricular myocardiumof adult and impuberal rats. [22] Moskvin A. Electron-conformational model of the ligand-activated ion channels. [22] Nezlobinsky T., Pravdin S., Katsnelson L.B. In silico comparison of the electrical propagation wave alongmyocardium fibers in the left ventricle wall vs. isolation. [23] Nigmatullina R.R., Zemskova S.N., Bilalova D.F., Mustafin A.A., Kuzmina O.I., Chibireva M.D., Nedorezova R.S. Valid method for estimation of pulmonary hypertention degreein children. [23] Parfenov A. Mathematical modeling of the cardiovascular systemunder the influence of environmental factors. [24] Pimenov V.G., Hendy A. Adaptivity of the alternating direction method for fractional reactiondiffusion equation with delay effects in electrocardiology. [24] Podgurskaya A.D., Krasheninnikova A., Tsvelaya V., Kudryashova N., Agladze K.I. Influence of alcohols on excitation wave propagationin neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocyte monolayer. [24] Pravdin S. A mathematical model of the cardiac left ventricle anatomy and morphology. [24] Seemann G. Cause and effects of cardiac heterogeneity:insights from experimental and computational models. [25] Seryapina A.A., Shevelev O.B. Basic metabolomic patterns in early hypertensive rats: MRI study. 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Dynamics of scroll wave filaments in personalized modelsof the left ventricle of the human heart. [28] Vasserman I.N., Shardakov I.N., Shestakov A.P. Deriving of macroscopic intracellular conductivity of deformedmyocardium based on its microstructure. [28] Vassilevski Y.V., Pryamonosov R., Gamilov T. Personalized 3D models and applications. [29] Zun P.S., Hoekstra A., Anikina T.S. First results of fully coupled 3D models of in-stent restenosis. [29] BIOMECHANICS. EXPERIMENTAL AND MATHEMATICAL MODELSSBIOMECHANICS. EXPERIMENTAL AND MATHEMATICAL MODELS. EXPERIMENTAL AND MATHEMATICAL MODELS. [30] Balakin A., Kuznetsov D., Protsenko Y.L. The ‘length-tension’ loop in isolated myocardial preparations of theright ventricle of normal and hypertrophied hearts of male rats. [30] Belousova M.D., Kruchinina A.P., Chertopolokhov V.A. Automatic control model of the three-tier arm type manipulatorin the aimed-movement task. [30] Berestin D.K., Bazhenova A.E., Chernikov N.A., Vokhmina Y.V. Mathematical modeling of dynamics of development of Parkinson'sdisease on the tremor parameters. [31] Dubinin A.L., Nyashin Y.I., Osipenko M.A. Development of the biomechanical approach to tooth movementunder the orthodontic treatment. [31] Galochkina T., Volpert V. Reaction-diffusion waves in mathematical model of bloodcoagulation. [31] Golov A.V., Simakov S., Timme E.A. Mathematical modeling of alveolar ventilationand gas exchange during treadmill stress tests. [32] Gurev V., Rice J. Strain prediction in 3D finite element models of cardiac mechanics. [32] Kamaltdinov M.R. Simulation of digestion processes in antroduodenum:food particles dissolution in consideration of functional disorders. [33] Khamzin S., Kursanov A., Solovyova O.E. Load-dependence of the electromechanical function of myocardiumin a 1D tissue model. [33] Khokhlova A., Iribe G., Solovyova O.E Transmural gradient in mechanical properties of isolatedsubendocardial and subepicardial cardiomyocytes. [33] Kruchinin P.A. Optimal control problem and indexesof stabilometric "test with the visual step input". [34] Kruchinina A.P., Yakushev A.G. A study of the edge segments of saccadic eye trajectory. [34] Kursanov A., Khamzin S., Solovyova O.E. Load-dependence of intramyocardial slow force responsein heterogeneous myocardium. [35] Lisin R.V., Balakin A., Protsenko Y.L. Experimental study of the intramyocardial slow force response. [35] Melnikova N.B., Hoekstra A. The mechanics of a discrete multi-cellular model of arterial in‐stent restenosis. [35] Murashova D.S., Murashov S.A., Bogdan O.P., Muravieva O.V., Yugova S.O. Modelling of soft tissue deformation for static elastometry. [36] Nikitin V.N., Tverier V.M., Krotkikh A.A. Occlusion correction based on biomechanical modelling. [36] Nyashin Y.I., Lokhov V.A. Development of the “Virtual physiological human” concept. [37] Shulyatev A.F., Akulich Y.V., Akulich A.Y., Denisov A.S. 3D FEA simulation of the proximal human femur. [37] Smoluk A.T., Smoluk L.T., Balakin A., Protsenko Y.L., Lisin R.V. Modelling viscoelastic hysteresis of passive myocardial sample. [37] Svirepov P.I. Mathematical modeling of the left atria mechanical actionwith mitral regurgitation. [38] Svitenkov A., Rekin O., Hoekstra A. Accuracy of 1D blood flow simulations in relation to level of detailof the arterial tree model. [38] Tsinker M. Mathematical modelling of airflow in human respiratory tract. [39] Wilde M.V. Influence of artificial initial and boundary conditionsin biomechanical models of blood vessels. [39] ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY. EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL MODELS. CLINICAL STUDIES. [40] Agladze K.I., Agladze N.N. Arrhythmia modelling in tissue culture. [40] Golovko V., Gonotkov M.A. Pharmacological analysis of transmembrane action potential'smorphology of myoepitelial cells in the spontaneously beating heartof ascidia Styela rustica. [40] Gonotkov M.A., Golovko V. The crucial role of the rapidly activating component of outwarddelayed rectifier K-current (IKr) in pig sinoauricular node (SAN). [40] Danilov A.A. Numerical methods for electrocardiography modelling. [41] Kolomeyets N.L., Roshchevskaya I.M. The electrical resistivity of a segment of the tail, lungs, liver,intercostal muscles of grass snakes during cooling. [41] Kharkovskaia E., Zhidkova N., Mukhina I.V., Osipov G.V. Role of TRPC1 channels in the propagation of electrical excitationin the isolated rat heart. [42] Lubimceva T.A., Lebedeva V.K., Trukshina M.A., Lyasnikova E.A., Lebedev D.S. Ventricular lead position and mechanical dyssynchronyin response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. [42] Poskina T.Y., Shakirova L.S., Klyus L.G., Eskov V.V. Stochastics and chaotic analysis of electromyogramand electroencefalogramm. [42] Prosheva V.I. New insights into the pacemaker and conduction systemcells organization in the adult avian heart. [43] Suslonova O., Smirnova S., Roshchevskaya I.M. Cardioelectric field in rats with experimental pulmonaryhypertension during ventricular depolarization. [43] Syunyaev R.A., Karpaev A.A., Aliev R.R. Simulation of the fibroblasts effect on synchronizationand rhythmogenesis in the sinoatrial node. [44] Zorin N.M., Ryvkin A.М., Moskvin A. Cooperation of membrane and calcium oscillatorsin sinoatrial node cells. [44] EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL MODELS IN IMMUNOLOGY. [45] Bocharov G. Systems approach to modelling the "virus-host organism" interactionin infectious diseases. [45] Brilliant S.A. Impact of immobilization stress on change of protein fractionshemoglobin of bone marrow in rats. [45] Bykova M. The features of biochemical properties of extracellular matrix of bonemarrow in rats in conditions which stimulate granulocytopoiesis. [45] Chigvintsev V.M. A mathematical model of the functioning and mutual regulation ofthe immune and neuroendocrine systems in response to viralexposure under the impact of environmental factors, taking intoaccount the evolution of synthetic function impairment. [46] Khramtsova Y. The role of mast cells in the regulation of repair testicles. [46] Novikov M.Y., Kim A.V. Simulation of immune processes using Bio-Medical Software Package. [47] Polevshchikov A.V., Bondar A.V., Gumovskaya J.P. Modelling of t cell extravasation into a lymph node:from morphological basics towards clonal selection theory. [47] Tuzankina I.A., Sarkisyan N., Bolkov M., Tihomirov L.B., Bass E.A. Oral and maxillofacial manifestationsof primary immunodeficiency syndroms. [47] Zaitsev S.V., Polevshchikov A.V. Evaluation of probabilities of antigen recognition by T-lymphocytesin the lymph node: a mathematical model. [48] MOLECULAR BASIS OF BIOLOGICAL MOTILITY. [49] Bershitsky S.Y., Nabiev S., Kopylova G., Shchepkin D., Matyushenko A.M., Koubassova N.A., Levitsky D.I., Tsaturyan A. Mutations in the central part of tropomyosin molecule affectthe actomyosin interaction. [49] Borovkov D.I., Kopylova G., Shchepkin D., Nabiev S., Matyushenko A.M., Levitsky D.I. Functional studies of tropomyosin mutations associatedwith dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. [49] Fatkhrakhmanova M.R., Mukhutdinova K.A., Kasimov M.R., Petrov A.M. The role of glutamate NMDA-receptor-NO synthase axis in the effectof 24-hydroxycholesterolon synaptic vesicle exocytosis at the mouseneuromuscular junctions. [50] Gritsyna Y., Vikhlyantsev I.M., Salmov N., Bobylev A.G., Podlubnaya Z.A. Increasing μ-calpain activity in striated muscles of alcohol-fed rats. [50] Kochubey P.V., Bershitsky S.Y. Study of biphasic tension rise in contracting muscle fiberduring ramp stretch. [51] Kopylova G., Shchepkin D., Nabiev S., Nikitina L., Bershitsky S.Y. 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On exploration of geometrically constrained space by medicinal leeches Hirudo verbana

Leeches are fascinating creatures: they have simple modular nervous circuitry yet exhibit a rich spectrum of behavioural modes. Leeches could be ideal blue-prints for designing flexible soft robots which are modular, multi functional, fault-tolerant, easy to control, capable for navigating using optical, mechanical and chemical sensorial inputs, have autonomous inter segmental coordination and adaptive decisionmaking. With future designs of leech-robots in mind we study how leeches behave in geometrically constrained spaces. Core results of the paper deal with leeches exploring a row of rooms arranged along a narrow corridor. In laboratory experiments we find that rooms closer to ends of the corridor are explored by leeches more often than rooms in the middle of the corridor. Also, in series of scoping experiments, we evaluate leeches capabilities to navigating in mazes towards sources of vibration and chemo-attraction. We believe our results lay foundation for future developments of robots mimicking behaviour of leeches