MAP Selection Algorithms Based on Future Movement Prediction Capability in Synthetic and Realistic Environment

Efficient mobility management involves micromobility principles. The performance of the Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) protocol, a representative micro-mobility approach, is affected by the Mobility Anchor Point (MAP) selection. In this paper, we propose a new selection method based on a prediction of the future movements of Mobile Nodes (MNs). The proposed algorithms exploit the information about the future availability of MAPs and choose those MAPs that assure a better service. An improvement to the evaluation methodology is also proposed. The algorithms are compared to each other not only in synthetic but also in realistic internet topologies, which has not been a practice in the past. The simulation results show promising improvements in terms of distance from chosen MAPs and frequency of MAP changes. Moreover, we showed that, for perceivable improvement of MAP selection, absolute accuracy of movement prediction is not required. As pioneers in the mobility management analysis in realistic environment, we ascertain that offering MAP services over more than one Autonomous System (AS) proves beneficial

Handover in Mobile WiMAX Networks: The State of Art and Research Issues

The next-generation Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks, using the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) as the core technology based on the IEEE 802.16 family of standards, is evolving as a Fourth-Generation (4G) technology. With the recent introduction of mobility management frameworks in the IEEE 802.16e standard, WiMAX is now placed in competition to the existing and forthcoming generations of wireless technologies for providing ubiquitous computing solutions. However, the success of a good mobility framework largely depends on the capability of performing fast and seamless handovers irrespective of the deployed architectural scenario. Now that the IEEE has defined the Mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e) MAC-layer handover management framework, the Network Working Group (NWG) of the WiMAX Forum is working on the development of the upper layers. However, the path to commercialization of a full-fledged WiMAX mobility framework is full of research challenges. This article focuses on potential handover-related research issues in the existing and future WiMAX mobility framework. A survey of these issues in the MAC, Network and Cross-Layer scenarios is presented along with discussion of the different solutions to those challenges. A comparative study of the proposed solutions, coupled with some insights to the relevant issues, is also included

Mobility management in next generation networks

Master'sMASTER OF ENGINEERIN

Framework to facilitate smooth handovers between mobile IPv6 networks

Fourth generation (4G) mobile communication networks are characterised by heterogeneous access networks and IP based transport technologies. Different access technologies give users choices to select services such as levels of Quality of Service (QoS) support, business models and service providers. Flexibility of heterogeneous access is compounded by the overhead of scanning to discover accessible services, which added to the handoff latency. This thesis has developed mechanisms for service discovery and service selection, along with a novel proposal for mobility management architectures that reduced handoff latency. The service discovery framework included a service advertisement data repository and a single frequency band access mechanism, which enabled users to explore services offered by various operators with a reduced scanning overhead. The novel hierarchical layout of the repository enabled it to categorise information into various layers and facilitate location based information retrieval. The information made available by the repository included cost, bandwidth, Packet Loss (PL), latency, jitter, Bit Error Rate (BER), location and service connectivity information. The single frequency band access mechanism further enabled users to explore service advertisements in the absence of their main service providers. The single frequency access mechanism broadcasted service advertisements information piggybacked onto a router advertisement packet on a reserved frequency band for advertisements. Results indicated that scanning 13 channels on 802.11 b interface takes 189ms whereas executing a query with maximum permissible search parameters on the service advertisement data repository takes 67ms. A service selection algorithm was developed to make handoff decisions utilising the service advertisements acquired from the service discovery framework; based on a user's preference. The selection algorithm reduced the calculation overhead by eliminating unsuitable networks; based on interface compatibility, service provider location, unacceptable QoS (Quality of service) and unacceptable cost; from the selection process. The selection algorithm utilised cost, bandwidth, PL, latency, jitter, BER and terminal power for computing the most suitable network. Results indicated that the elimination based approach has improved the performance of the algorithm by 35% over non- elimination oriented selection procedures, even after utilising more selection parameters. The service discovery framework and the service selection algorithm are flexible enough to be employed in most mobility management architectures. The thesis recommends Seamless Mobile Internet Protocol (SMIP) as a mobility management scheme based on the simulation results. The SMIP protocol, a combination of Hierarchical Mobile Internet Protocol (HMIP) and Fast Mobile Internet Protocol (FMIP), suffered hand off latency increases when undergoing a global handoff due to HMIP. The proposed modification to the HMIP included the introduction of a coverage area overlap, to reduce the global handoff latency. The introduction of a Home Address (HA) in Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) binding table enabled seamless handoffs from WLANs by having a redirection mechanism for the user's packets after handoff. The thesis delivered a new mobility management architecture with mechanisms for service discovery and service selection. The proposed framework enabled user oriented, application centric and terminal based approach for selecting IPv6 networks

Survivability, Scalability and Security of Mobility Protocols

Today mobile computing has become a necessity and we are witnessing explosive growth in the number of mobile devices accessing the Internet. To facilitate continuous Internet connectivity for nodes and networks in motion, mobility protocols are required and they exchange various signaling messages with the mobility infrastructure for protocol operation. Proliferation in mobile computing has raised several research issues for the mobility protocols. First, it is essential to perform cost and scalability analysis of mobility protocols to find out their resource requirement to cope with future expansion. Secondly, mobility protocols have survivability issues and are vulnerable to security threats, since wireless communication media can be easily accessible to intruders. The third challenge in mobile computing is the protection ofsignaling messages against losses due to high bandwidth requirementof multimedia in mobile environments. However, there is lack of existing works that focus on the quantitative analysis of cost, scalability, survivability and security of mobility protocols.In this dissertation, we have performed comprehensive evaluation ofmobility protocols. We have presented tools and methodologies required for the cost, scalability, survivability and security analysis of mobilityprotocols. We have proposed a dynamic scheduling algorithm to protect mobility signaling message against losses due to increased multimedia traffic in mobile environments and have also proposed a mobile networkarchitecture that aims at maximizing bandwidth utilization. The analysis presented in this work can help network engineers compare different mobility protocols quantitatively, thereby choose one that is reliable, secure, survivable and scalable

Multi-objective Network Opportunistic Access for Group Mobility in Mobile Internet

The integration of existing and emerging heterogeneous wireless networks in mobile Internet is a combination of diverse but complementary wireless access technologies. Satisfying a set of imperative constrains and optimization objectives, access network selection (ANS) for mobile node (MN) is an inherent procedure in mobility management that needs to be solved in a reasonable manner for the whole system to operate in an optimal fashion. However, ANS remains a significant challenge. Because many MNs with distinctive call characteristics are likely to have correlated mobility and may need to perform mobility management at the same time, this paper, with the goal of investigating group mobility solutions, proposes a network opportunistic access for group mobility (NOA-GM) scheme. By analyzing the directional patterns of moving MNs and introducing the idea of opportunistic access, this scheme first identifies underloaded access networks as candidates. Then, the candidates are evaluated using normalized models of objective and subjective metrics. On this basis, the ANS problem for group mobility can be conducted as a multiobjective combination optimization and then transferred to a signal-objective model by considering the optimization of the performance of the whole system as a global goal while still achieving each MN\u27s performance request. Using an improved genetic algorithm with newly designed evolutionary operators to solve the signal-objective model, an optimal result option for ANS for group mobility is achieved. Simulations conducted on the NS-2 platform show that NOA-GM outperforms the compared schemes in several critical performance metrics

Architecture d'interopérabilité et mécanismes de relève pour les réseaux sans fil de prochaine génération

Intégration, interopéribilité et mobilité -- An analytical framework for performance evaluation of IPV6-Based mobility management protocols -- An architecture for seamless mobility support in Ip-Based next generation wireless networks -- Adaptive handoff scheme for heterogeneous ip wireless networks -- Enhanced fast handoff scheme for heterogeneous wireless networks

Mobile Networks

The growth in the use of mobile networks has come mainly with the third generation systems and voice traffic. With the current third generation and the arrival of the 4G, the number of mobile users in the world will exceed the number of landlines users. Audio and video streaming have had a significant increase, parallel to the requirements of bandwidth and quality of service demanded by those applications. Mobile networks require that the applications and protocols that have worked successfully in fixed networks can be used with the same level of quality in mobile scenarios. Until the third generation of mobile networks, the need to ensure reliable handovers was still an important issue. On the eve of a new generation of access networks (4G) and increased connectivity between networks of different characteristics commonly called hybrid (satellite, ad-hoc, sensors, wired, WIMAX, LAN, etc.), it is necessary to transfer mechanisms of mobility to future generations of networks. In order to achieve this, it is essential to carry out a comprehensive evaluation of the performance of current protocols and the diverse topologies to suit the new mobility conditions

ACO-BASED VELOCITY-AWARE HANDOVER SCHEME FOR SEAMLESS MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS

芝浦工業大学201