A priori veto power of the president of Poland

The a priori power of the president of Poland, lower chamber of parliament (Sejm) and upper chamber of parliament (Senate) in the process of legislation are considered in this paper. The evaluation of power is made using the Johnston power indexDecision Theory

On 1-convexity and nucleolus of co-insurance games

The situation, in which an enormous risk is insured by a number of insurance companies, is modeled through a cooperative TU game, the so-called co-insurance game, first introduced in Fragnelli and Marina (2004). In this paper we show that a co-insurance game possesses several interesting properties that allow to study the nonemptiness and the structure of the core and to construct an efficient algorithm for computing the nucleolus

What Determines the Implementation of IMF Programs?

For many years analysis of IMF conditionality overlooked the extent to which it was implemented. However, more recently increasing attention has been paid to implementation. Theoretical contributions have focused on the importance of special interest groups, but empirical evidence has failed to provide compelling support for the theory. Indeed, empirical studies have reported mixed results that sometimes seem to be conflicting. This paper identifies a range of economic, political and institutional factors that may, in principle, influence implementation. Using various measures of implementation, it then tests an econometric model designed to capture these influences over 1992-2004 exploiting improved sources of data. The results suggest that significant determinants of implementation are trade openness, the existence of veto players and the amount of resources committed by the Fund. The paper offers an interpretation of the results and discusses the implications for policy.IMF, Implementation

Electricity Internal Market in the European Union: What to do next?

Like in the US, the EU “internal electricity market” remains unfinished and its construction can stall, fracturing into “national blocks” separated by permanent “border effects”. This is exactly what this paper seeks to avoid in the expected life of the current European Commission (2005-2009). It identifies the critical factors: national and EU market designs, industry structure and competition policy, deeper regional cooperation between TSOs and Regulators. It suggests 8 priority actions and 12 secondary improvements to sustain the dynamics of the construction of an EU set of open r egional markets with limited “border effects”, and explains the rationale for these recommendations

Drell-Yan process with jet vetoes: breaking of generalized factorization

Resummation of hadron collision cross sections, when the measurement imposes a hierarchy of scales, relies on factorization. Cancellation of Glauber / Coulomb gluons is a necessary condition for factorization. For Drell-Yan-like processes, the known proofs of cancellation of Glauber gluons are not applicable when jet vetoes are introduced, via jet algorithms or event shape variables such as the beam thrust. A priori, this does not rule out the possibility that an unknown new cancellation mechanism exists, or the possibility that a generalized factorization formalism is correct. To resolve the questions, we construct a direct counter-example in QCD with scalar quarks, contradicting any form of factorization in which the two collinear sectors are decoupled from each other. In the counter-example, decoupling of the two collinear sectors implies zero dependence of the beam thrust distribution on the longitudinal spin of the incoming hadrons, but we find a non-zero spin asymmetry at leading power due to Glauber gluons exchanged between spectators. We discuss implications for resumming large logarithms from jet vetoes.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figure

Factorization and NNLL Resummation for Higgs Production with a Jet Veto

Using methods of effective field theory, we derive the first all-order factorization theorem for the Higgs-boson production cross section with a jet veto, imposed by means of a standard sequential recombination jet algorithm. Like in the case of small-q_T resummation in Drell-Yan and Higgs production, the factorization is affected by a collinear anomaly. Our analysis provides the basis for a systematic resummation of large logarithms log(m_H/p_T^veto) beyond leading-logarithmic order. Specifically, we present predictions for the resummed jet-veto cross section and efficiency at next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic order. Our results have important implications for Higgs-boson searches at the LHC, where a jet veto is required to suppress background events.Comment: 28 pages, 5 figures; v2: published version; note added in proo

The Propensity to Disruption for Evaluating a Parliament

The issue of power plays a relevant role in evaluating the representativeness of a Parliament. In this paper a new governability index is introduced, taking inspiration from the propensity to disruption and referring to the power of the parties.Electoral system, representativeness, governability, simulation

Review of Reactor Neutrino Oscillation Experiments

In this document we will review the current status of reactor neutrino oscillation experiments and present their physics potentials for measuring the $\theta_{13}$ neutrino mixing angle. The neutrino mixing angle $\theta_{13}$ is currently a high-priority topic in the field of neutrino physics. There are currently three different reactor neutrino experiments, \textsc{Double Chooz}, \textsc{Daya Bay} and \textsc{Reno} and a few accelerator neutrino experiments searching for neutrino oscillations induced by this angle. A description of the reactor experiments searching for a non-zero value of $\theta_{13}$ is given, along with a discussion of the sensitivities that these experiments can reach in the near future.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure

Measurement of Neutrino Oscillation with KamLAND: Evidence of Spectral Distortion

We present results of a study of neutrino oscillation based on a 766 ton-year exposure of KamLAND to reactor anti-neutrinos. We observe 258 \nuebar\ candidate events with energies above 3.4 MeV compared to 365.2 events expected in the absence of neutrino oscillation. Accounting for 17.8 expected background events, the statistical significance for reactor \nuebar disappearance is 99.998%. The observed energy spectrum disagrees with the expected spectral shape in the absence of neutrino oscillation at 99.6% significance and prefers the distortion expected from \nuebar oscillation effects. A two-neutrino oscillation analysis of the KamLAND data gives \DeltaMSq = 7.9$^{+0.6}_{-0.5}\times10^{-5}$ eV$^2$. A global analysis of data from KamLAND and solar neutrino experiments yields \DeltaMSq = 7.9$^{+0.6}_{-0.5}\times10^{-5}$ eV$^2$ and \ThetaParam = 0.40$^{+0.10}_{-0.07}$, the most precise determination to date.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures; submitted to Phys.Rev.Letter