A mathematical model for dynamic memory networks

The aim of this paper is to bring together the work done several years ago by M.A. Fiol and the other authors to formulate a quite general mathematical model for a kind of permutation networks known as dynamic memories. A dynamic memory is constituted by an array of cells, each storing one datum, and an interconnection network between the cells that allows the constant circulation of the stored data. The objective is to design the interconnection network in order to have short access time and a simple memory control. We review how most of the proposals of dynamic memories that have appeared in the literature fit in this general model, and how it can be used to design new structures with good access properties. Moreover, using the idea of projecting a digraph onto a de Bruijn digraph, we propose new structures for dynamic memories with vectorial capabilities. Some of these new proposals are based on iterated line digraphs, which have been widely and successfully used by M.A. Fiol and his coauthors to solve many different problems in graph theory.Peer Reviewe

Feedback functions for generating cycles over a finite alphabet

AbstractIn this note, first there are established simple formulas enabling the calculation of feedback functions that generate a cycle of given length over a given finite field. A theorem communicated in the appendix says that feedback functions producing cycles over a finite field can also be utilized for constructing general feedback functions yielding cycles (in particular, de Bruijn cycles) over an arbitrarily given finite alphabet

The Cycle Structure of LFSR with Arbitrary Characteristic Polynomial over Finite Fields

We determine the cycle structure of linear feedback shift register with arbitrary monic characteristic polynomial over any finite field. For each cycle, a method to find a state and a new way to represent the state are proposed.Comment: An extended abstract containing preliminary results was presented at SETA 201

There are no de bruijn sequences of span n with complexity 2n − 1 + n + 1

AbstractIf s = (s0, s1,…, s2n−1) is a binary de Bruijn sequence of span n, then it has been shown that the least length of a linear recursion that generates s, called the complexity of s and denoted by c(s), is bounded for n ⩾ 3 by 2n − 1 + n ⩽ c(s) ⩽ 2n −1. A numerical study of the allowable values of c(s) for 3 ⩽ n ⩽ 6 found that all values in this range occurred except for 2n−1 + n + 1. It is proven in this note that there are no de Bruijn sequences of complexity 2n−1 + n + 1 for all n ⩾ 3

Codes and Sequences for Information Retrieval and Stream Ciphers

Given a self-similar structure in codes and de Bruijn sequences, recursive techniques may be used to analyze and construct them. Batch codes partition the indices of code words into m buckets, where recovery of t symbols is accomplished by accessing at most tau in each bucket. This finds use in the retrieval of information spread over several devices. We introduce the concept of optimal batch codes, showing that binary Hamming codes and first order Reed-Muller codes are optimal. Then we study batch properties of binary Reed-Muller codes which have order less than half their length. Cartesian codes are defined by the evaluation of polynomials at a subset of points in F_q. We partition F_q into buckets defined by the quotient with a subspace V. Several properties equivalent to (V intersect ) = {0} for all i,j between 1 and mu are explored. With this framework, a code in F_q^(mu-1) capable of reconstructing mu indices is expanded to one in F_q^(mu) capable of reconstructing mu+1 indices. Using a base case in F_q^3, we are able to prove batch properties for codes in F_q. We generalize this to Cartesian Codes with a limit on the degree mu of the polynomials. De Bruijn sequences are cyclic sequences of length q^n that contain every q-ary word of length n exactly once. The pseudorandom properties of such sequences make them useful for stream ciphers. Under a particular homomorphism, the preimages of a binary de Bruijn sequence form two cycles. We examine a method for identifying points where these sequences may be joined to make a de Bruijn sequence of order n. Using the recursive structure of this construction, we are able to calculate sums of subsequences in O(n^4 log(n)) time, and the location of a word in O(n^5 log(n)) time. Together, these functions allow us to check the validity of any potential toggle point, which provides a method for efficiently generating a recursive specification. Each successful step takes O(k^5 log(k)), for k from 3 to n

A number theoretic view on binary shift registers

We describe a number theoretic view on binary shift registers. We illustrate this approach on some basic shift registers by revisiting known and obtaining new results, which we prove using tools from basic number theory, including modular arithmetic.publishedVersio

A Scalable Method for Constructing Galois NLFSRs with Period 2n−12^n-1 using Cross-Join Pairs

This paper presents a method for constructing $n$-stage Galois NLFSRs with period $2^n-1$ from $n$-stage maximum length LFSRs. We introduce nonlinearity into state cycles by adding a nonlinear Boolean function to the feedback polynomial of the LFSR. Each assignment of variables for which this function evaluates to 1 acts as a crossing point for the LFSR state cycle. By adding a copy of the same function to a later stage of the register, we cancel the effect of nonlinearity and join the state cycles back. The presented method requires no extra time steps and it has a smaller area overhead compared to the previous approaches based on cross-join pairs. It is feasible for large $n$. However, it has a number of limitations. One is that the resulting NLFSRs can have at most $\lfloor n/2 \rfloor$-1 stages with a nonlinear update. Another is that feedback functions depend only on state variables which are updated linearly. The latter implies that sequences generated by the presented method can also be generated using a nonlinear filter generator