29,863 research outputs found
On Variable Density Compressive Sampling
We advocate an optimization procedure for variable density sampling in the
context of compressed sensing. In this perspective, we introduce a minimization
problem for the coherence between the sparsity and sensing bases, whose
solution provides an optimized sampling profile. This minimization problem is
solved with the use of convex optimization algorithms. We also propose a
refinement of our technique when prior information is available on the signal
support in the sparsity basis. The effectiveness of the method is confirmed by
numerical experiments. Our results also provide a theoretical underpinning to
state-of-the-art variable density Fourier sampling procedures used in magnetic
resonance imaging
A Geomechanical Study of the Mississippian Boone Formation
The Boone Formation in northwest Arkansas is a chert-limestone sequence analogous to the subsurface Mississippi Lime reservoir in parts of Oklahoma and Kansas. It has low permeability and produces via horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. The response to stimulation by fracturing is dependent on the quantity of chert in the area. Chert nodules and laterally extensive chert layers in the sequence are variable. Locally, cm- to dm-scale chert bedding is continuous and comprises up to 50% of the outcrop. Elsewhere, the chert is nodular and intermittent.
Samples collected from representative outcrops spanning the thickness and aerial extent of the formation are being targeted to establish a geomechanical framework for the reservoir. Samples include end members of chert and limestone and interlayered limestone and chert facies with variable thicknesses and contact geometries. Each sample was cored, confined, and oriented perpendicular to bedding. Compressive strength testing of core plugs were performed to determine the stiffness of the rock, describe how each facies responds to loading and failure, determine how limestone rheology is influenced by the presence of chert, and characterize how rock properties influence the compressive strength of the sample. Rockwell Hardness testing was performed on the samples to understand the strength of the rock in an additional quantitative way.
The compressive strength of the samples and the Rockwell Hardness values of the samples were compared with each other and with the inherent properties of the rock (e.g. lithology, natural fractures, contact types, and facies) to understand and assess correlations and trends in an effort to understand the geomechanics of the Boone Formation
Compressive Earth Observatory: An Insight from AIRS/AMSU Retrievals
We demonstrate that the global fields of temperature, humidity and
geopotential heights admit a nearly sparse representation in the wavelet
domain, offering a viable path forward to explore new paradigms of
sparsity-promoting data assimilation and compressive recovery of land
surface-atmospheric states from space. We illustrate this idea using retrieval
products of the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and Advanced Microwave
Sounding Unit (AMSU) on board the Aqua satellite. The results reveal that the
sparsity of the fields of temperature is relatively pressure-independent while
atmospheric humidity and geopotential heights are typically sparser at lower
and higher pressure levels, respectively. We provide evidence that these
land-atmospheric states can be accurately estimated using a small set of
measurements by taking advantage of their sparsity prior.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, 1 tabl
Variable density sampling based on physically plausible gradient waveform. Application to 3D MRI angiography
Performing k-space variable density sampling is a popular way of reducing
scanning time in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Unfortunately, given a
sampling trajectory, it is not clear how to traverse it using gradient
waveforms. In this paper, we actually show that existing methods [1, 2] can
yield large traversal time if the trajectory contains high curvature areas.
Therefore, we consider here a new method for gradient waveform design which is
based on the projection of unrealistic initial trajectory onto the set of
hardware constraints. Next, we show on realistic simulations that this
algorithm allows implementing variable density trajectories resulting from the
piecewise linear solution of the Travelling Salesman Problem in a reasonable
time. Finally, we demonstrate the application of this approach to 2D MRI
reconstruction and 3D angiography in the mouse brain.Comment: IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI), Apr 2015,
New-York, United State
Approximate Message Passing under Finite Alphabet Constraints
In this paper we consider Basis Pursuit De-Noising (BPDN) problems in which
the sparse original signal is drawn from a finite alphabet. To solve this
problem we propose an iterative message passing algorithm, which capitalises
not only on the sparsity but by means of a prior distribution also on the
discrete nature of the original signal. In our numerical experiments we test
this algorithm in combination with a Rademacher measurement matrix and a
measurement matrix derived from the random demodulator, which enables
compressive sampling of analogue signals. Our results show in both cases
significant performance gains over a linear programming based approach to the
considered BPDN problem. We also compare the proposed algorithm to a similar
message passing based algorithm without prior knowledge and observe an even
larger performance improvement.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, to appear in IEEE International Conference on
Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing ICASSP 201
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