New Mexico State Record, 10-12-1917

https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nm_state_record_news/1065/thumbnail.jp

Project IP-3 Improved cassava for the developing world Annual Report 2002

It has been challenging for the technical and regulatory communities to formulate requirements for trustworthiness of the cyber-physical systems (CPS) due to the complexity of the issues associated with their design, deployment, and operations. The US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), through a public working group, has released a CPS Framework that adopts a broad and integrated view of CPS and positions trustworthiness among other aspects of CPS. This paper takes the model created by the CPS Framework and its further developments one step further, by applying ontological approaches and reasoning techniques in order to achieve greater understanding of CPS. The example analyzed in the paper demonstrates the enrichment of the original CPS model obtained through ontology and reasoning and its ability to deliver additional insights to the developers and operators of CPS.Comment: IET PETRAS 2018 conferenc

Genetic analysis of plant morphology in bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.)

Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) is an important underutilised legume crop, grown mainly by female subsistence farmers in Africa under traditional low input agricultural systems. Bambara groundnut is known as being of high nutritional value, as an atmospheric nitrogen fixer and to possess high levels of drought, pest and disease tolerance. Bambara groundnut is a predominantly self-pollinated crop and is grown as locally adapted landraces. These are expected to exist as non-identical inbred lines and are generally low yielding. Strategies involving genetic analysis of this species could provide important data for breeding programmes that could enhance food security in Africa. A set of 124 SSR primers designed from different library sources were tested to screen a ‘narrow’ genetic cross (F3) and a ‘wide’ genetic cross (F2) . The former is a cross between domesticated landraces (DipC and Tiga necaru) while the latter is a cross between a domesticated landrace and a wild ancestor (DipC and VSSP11). Residual heterozygosity in the F3 ‘narrow’ cross was confirmed to be around 25% based on 33 polymorphic SSR primers, consistent with an F3 population. A ‘narrow’ cross linkage map was constructed for the first time in bambara groundnut using 269 polymorphic markers (236 DArT and 33 SSR). The map consisted of 238 markers in 21 linkage groups of two or more linked markers, totalling 608.1cM and covering a predicted 54% of the bambara groundnut genome, although the high marker-marker linkage (at 89%) suggests a more comprehensive coverage. QTL analysis was carried out for 73 bulked lines of an F3 population and plants were evaluated for traits in a controlled glasshouse suite and a field trial in Indonesia. Data from single plant analysis of the F2 generation of this cross grown in a controlled environment glasshouse was also used. Most of the QTLs detected were clustered on linkage groups 1, 4 and 12. Major QTLs for internode length and biomass dry weight were detected on LG4 and LG1, respectively, for the FutureCrop glasshouse and field datasets. The highest LOD score of 9.7 was detected for peduncle length and was located within the confidence interval for a QTL for internode length locus. Marker locus bgPabg-596774 was detected to be associated with QTL for six traits; node no./plant, pod no/plant, pod weight, seed no./plant, seed yield and biomass dry weight, on LG1 within one LOD score of confidential interval, potentially suggesting pleiotropic effects of a more limited number (or even one) gene(s). One hundred and fifty-nine additional markers (136 DArT and 23 SSR) were used to improve the existing partial ‘wide’ map (141 AFLP, 1 SSR) constructed in an F2 population of 98 plants. A total of 194 markers were assigned to 20 linkage groups spanning a total of 901 cM. The linkage map derived from the ‘wide’ cross (DipC x VSSP11) had an expected genome coverage of 79.6%. An attempt to combine both maps through 32 common markers allowed a common QTL for days to emergence to be detected in both populations in close association with the common DArT markers 601384 and 601748. The main segregating traits were found to be plant spread, internode length, growth habit, peduncle length, pod weight, seed yield and biomass dry weight. Detecting the same QTL positions for a number of traits, suggested that common underlying genes might be responsible. The QTL-DNA marker associations developed in this study could be used practically for MAS in a future breeding program of this crop

Smoking and Second Hand Smoking in Adolescents with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Report from the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) Cohort Study

The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of smoking and second hand smoking [SHS] in adolescents with CKD and their relationship to baseline parameters at enrollment in the CKiD, observational cohort study of 600 children (aged 1-16 yrs) with Schwartz estimated GFR of 30-90 ml/min/1.73m2. 239 adolescents had self-report survey data on smoking and SHS exposure: 21 [9%] subjects had “ever” smoked a cigarette. Among them, 4 were current and 17 were former smokers. Hypertension was more prevalent in those that had “ever” smoked a cigarette (42%) compared to non-smokers (9%), p\u3c0.01. Among 218 non-smokers, 130 (59%) were male, 142 (65%) were Caucasian; 60 (28%) reported SHS exposure compared to 158 (72%) with no exposure. Non-smoker adolescents with SHS exposure were compared to those without SHS exposure. There was no racial, age, or gender differences between both groups. Baseline creatinine, diastolic hypertension, C reactive protein, lipid profile, GFR and hemoglobin were not statistically different. Significantly higher protein to creatinine ratio (0.90 vs. 0.53, p\u3c0.01) was observed in those exposed to SHS compared to those not exposed. Exposed adolescents were heavier than non-exposed adolescents (85th percentile vs. 55th percentile for BMI, p\u3c 0.01). Uncontrolled casual systolic hypertension was twice as prevalent among those exposed to SHS (16%) compared to those not exposed to SHS (7%), though the difference was not statistically significant (p= 0.07). Adjusted multivariate regression analysis [OR (95% CI)] showed that increased protein to creatinine ratio [1.34 (1.03, 1.75)] and higher BMI [1.14 (1.02, 1.29)] were independently associated with exposure to SHS among non-smoker adolescents. These results reveal that among adolescents with CKD, cigarette use is low and SHS is highly prevalent. The association of smoking with hypertension and SHS with increased proteinuria suggests a possible role of these factors in CKD progression and cardiovascular outcomes

Genetic analysis of plant morphology in bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.)

Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) is an important underutilised legume crop, grown mainly by female subsistence farmers in Africa under traditional low input agricultural systems. Bambara groundnut is known as being of high nutritional value, as an atmospheric nitrogen fixer and to possess high levels of drought, pest and disease tolerance. Bambara groundnut is a predominantly self-pollinated crop and is grown as locally adapted landraces. These are expected to exist as non-identical inbred lines and are generally low yielding. Strategies involving genetic analysis of this species could provide important data for breeding programmes that could enhance food security in Africa. A set of 124 SSR primers designed from different library sources were tested to screen a ‘narrow’ genetic cross (F3) and a ‘wide’ genetic cross (F2) . The former is a cross between domesticated landraces (DipC and Tiga necaru) while the latter is a cross between a domesticated landrace and a wild ancestor (DipC and VSSP11). Residual heterozygosity in the F3 ‘narrow’ cross was confirmed to be around 25% based on 33 polymorphic SSR primers, consistent with an F3 population. A ‘narrow’ cross linkage map was constructed for the first time in bambara groundnut using 269 polymorphic markers (236 DArT and 33 SSR). The map consisted of 238 markers in 21 linkage groups of two or more linked markers, totalling 608.1cM and covering a predicted 54% of the bambara groundnut genome, although the high marker-marker linkage (at 89%) suggests a more comprehensive coverage. QTL analysis was carried out for 73 bulked lines of an F3 population and plants were evaluated for traits in a controlled glasshouse suite and a field trial in Indonesia. Data from single plant analysis of the F2 generation of this cross grown in a controlled environment glasshouse was also used. Most of the QTLs detected were clustered on linkage groups 1, 4 and 12. Major QTLs for internode length and biomass dry weight were detected on LG4 and LG1, respectively, for the FutureCrop glasshouse and field datasets. The highest LOD score of 9.7 was detected for peduncle length and was located within the confidence interval for a QTL for internode length locus. Marker locus bgPabg-596774 was detected to be associated with QTL for six traits; node no./plant, pod no/plant, pod weight, seed no./plant, seed yield and biomass dry weight, on LG1 within one LOD score of confidential interval, potentially suggesting pleiotropic effects of a more limited number (or even one) gene(s). One hundred and fifty-nine additional markers (136 DArT and 23 SSR) were used to improve the existing partial ‘wide’ map (141 AFLP, 1 SSR) constructed in an F2 population of 98 plants. A total of 194 markers were assigned to 20 linkage groups spanning a total of 901 cM. The linkage map derived from the ‘wide’ cross (DipC x VSSP11) had an expected genome coverage of 79.6%. An attempt to combine both maps through 32 common markers allowed a common QTL for days to emergence to be detected in both populations in close association with the common DArT markers 601384 and 601748. The main segregating traits were found to be plant spread, internode length, growth habit, peduncle length, pod weight, seed yield and biomass dry weight. Detecting the same QTL positions for a number of traits, suggested that common underlying genes might be responsible. The QTL-DNA marker associations developed in this study could be used practically for MAS in a future breeding program of this crop