43,811 research outputs found
Developing national level informatics competencies for undergraduate nurses : methodological approaches from Australia and Canada
Health information systems are being implemented in countries by governments and regional health authorities in an effort to modernize healthcare. With these changes, there has emerged a demand by healthcare organizations for nurses graduating from college and university programs to have acquired nursing informatics competencies that would allow them to work in clinical practice settings (e.g. hospitals, clinics, home care etc). In this paper we examine the methods employed by two different countries in developing national level nursing informatics competencies expected of undergraduate nurses prior to graduation (i.e. Australia, Canada). This work contributes to the literature by describing the science and methods of nursing informatics competency development at a national level
DNA-inspired online behavioral modeling and its application to spambot detection
We propose a strikingly novel, simple, and effective approach to model online
user behavior: we extract and analyze digital DNA sequences from user online
actions and we use Twitter as a benchmark to test our proposal. We obtain an
incisive and compact DNA-inspired characterization of user actions. Then, we
apply standard DNA analysis techniques to discriminate between genuine and
spambot accounts on Twitter. An experimental campaign supports our proposal,
showing its effectiveness and viability. To the best of our knowledge, we are
the first ones to identify and adapt DNA-inspired techniques to online user
behavioral modeling. While Twitter spambot detection is a specific use case on
a specific social media, our proposed methodology is platform and technology
agnostic, hence paving the way for diverse behavioral characterization tasks
Social Fingerprinting: detection of spambot groups through DNA-inspired behavioral modeling
Spambot detection in online social networks is a long-lasting challenge
involving the study and design of detection techniques capable of efficiently
identifying ever-evolving spammers. Recently, a new wave of social spambots has
emerged, with advanced human-like characteristics that allow them to go
undetected even by current state-of-the-art algorithms. In this paper, we show
that efficient spambots detection can be achieved via an in-depth analysis of
their collective behaviors exploiting the digital DNA technique for modeling
the behaviors of social network users. Inspired by its biological counterpart,
in the digital DNA representation the behavioral lifetime of a digital account
is encoded in a sequence of characters. Then, we define a similarity measure
for such digital DNA sequences. We build upon digital DNA and the similarity
between groups of users to characterize both genuine accounts and spambots.
Leveraging such characterization, we design the Social Fingerprinting
technique, which is able to discriminate among spambots and genuine accounts in
both a supervised and an unsupervised fashion. We finally evaluate the
effectiveness of Social Fingerprinting and we compare it with three
state-of-the-art detection algorithms. Among the peculiarities of our approach
is the possibility to apply off-the-shelf DNA analysis techniques to study
online users behaviors and to efficiently rely on a limited number of
lightweight account characteristics
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The role of user requirements research in medical device development
Aims and Objectives: This research aims to suggest a concise framework to help in the better
conceptualisation and integration of users in the medical device development (MDD) process. The
current economic, political and social climate concerning the matter of healthcare delivery has
resulted in the emergence of numerous users and user groups for whom the healthcare system has not
previously catered for. These users have created ambiguity for the designers and manufacturers of
medical devices as the boundaries between their needs and requirements have blurred, outdating
current methods of MDD to meet consumer needs.
Research Design and Methodology: The research methodology begins primarily with conducting a
literature search on the theories relating to user requirements and medical device development. The
paper outlines these findings through initially describing users and user involvement and relating
them to medical devices. The cross-disciplinary nature of healthcare influenced the investigation into
multiple disciplines including; IT, Ergonomics – particularly participatory research, Psychology and
Design. These disciplines expose various methods and processes, which are useful to user
requirements research. These methods were analysed for their compatibility, and then used to
construct a conceptual framework for user involvement in MDD.
Results: The research insinuates the true significance of user involvement and hence resulted in the
formation of a conceptual framework to aid user involvement in the MDD process. The framework is
produced by the amalgamation of relevant methods examined across the disciplines, in a
complimentary fashion.
Conclusion: The originality of this research lies in its use of a multidisciplinary approach. Previous
research claiming multi-methods has dealt with combining two disciplines or methods at a time i.e.
Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) with participatory research (Scandurra et al, 2008)
for the needs analysis of healthcare professionals only. Collaboration across disciplines has also been
investigated (Johnson et al, 2005), but this was for the purpose of redesign rather than initial designs.
This framework can help medical device designers to fully access all user requirements through more
extensive collaboration right at the start. It reduces the risk of high costs involved in device rejection,
usually associated with belated recognition of user needs in the design cycle
Searching Data: A Review of Observational Data Retrieval Practices in Selected Disciplines
A cross-disciplinary examination of the user behaviours involved in seeking
and evaluating data is surprisingly absent from the research data discussion.
This review explores the data retrieval literature to identify commonalities in
how users search for and evaluate observational research data. Two analytical
frameworks rooted in information retrieval and science technology studies are
used to identify key similarities in practices as a first step toward
developing a model describing data retrieval
Quantifying Social Network Dynamics
The dynamic character of most social networks requires to model evolution of
networks in order to enable complex analysis of theirs dynamics. The following
paper focuses on the definition of differences between network snapshots by
means of Graph Differential Tuple. These differences enable to calculate the
diverse distance measures as well as to investigate the speed of changes. Four
separate measures are suggested in the paper with experimental study on real
social network data.Comment: In proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Computational
Aspects of Social Networks, CASoN 201
Opening the Black Box: Explaining the Process of Basing a Health Recommender System on the I-Change Behavioral Change Model
Recommender systems are gaining traction in healthcare because they can tailor recommendations
based on users' feedback concerning their appreciation of previous health-related messages. However,
recommender systems are often not grounded in behavioral change theories, which may further increase
the effectiveness of their recommendations. This paper's objective is to describe principles for designing
and developing a health recommender system grounded in the I-Change behavioral change model that
shall be implemented through a mobile app for a smoking cessation support clinical trial. We built upon
an existing smoking cessation health recommender system that delivered motivational messages through a
mobile app. A group of experts assessed how the system may be improved to address the behavioral change
determinants of the I-Change behavioral change model. The resulting system features a hybrid recommender
algorithm for computer tailoring smoking cessation messages. A total of 331 different motivational messages
were designed using 10 health communication methods. The algorithm was designed to match 58 message
characteristics to each user pro le by following the principles of the I-Change model and maintaining the
bene ts of the recommender system algorithms. The mobile app resulted in a streamlined version that aimed
to improve the user experience, and this system's design bridges the gap between health recommender
systems and the use of behavioral change theories. This article presents a novel approach integrating
recommender system technology, health behavior technology, and computer-tailored technology. Future
researchers will be able to build upon the principles applied in this case study.European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant 68112
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