On the Application of Identity-Based Cryptography in Grid Security

This thesis examines the application of identity-based cryptography (IBC) in designing security infrastructures for grid applications. In this thesis, we propose a fully identity-based key infrastructure for grid (IKIG). Our proposal exploits some interesting properties of hierarchical identity-based cryptography (HIBC) to replicate security services provided by the grid security infrastructure (GSI) in the Globus Toolkit. The GSI is based on public key infrastructure (PKI) that supports standard X.509 certificates and proxy certificates. Since our proposal is certificate-free and has small key sizes, it offers a more lightweight approach to key management than the GSI. We also develop a one-pass delegation protocol that makes use of HIBC properties. This combination of lightweight key management and efficient delegation protocol has better scalability than the existing PKI-based approach to grid security. Despite the advantages that IKIG offers, key escrow remains an issue which may not be desirable for certain grid applications. Therefore, we present an alternative identity-based approach called dynamic key infrastructure for grid (DKIG). Our DKIG proposal combines both identity-based techniques and the conventional PKI approach. In this hybrid setting, each user publishes a fixed parameter set through a standard X.509 certificate. Although X.509 certificates are involved in DKIG, it is still more lightweight than the GSI as it enables the derivation of both long-term and proxy credentials on-the-fly based only on a fixed certificate. We also revisit the notion of secret public keys which was originally used as a cryptographic technique for designing secure password-based authenticated key establishment protocols. We introduce new password-based protocols using identity-based secret public keys. Our identity-based techniques can be integrated naturally with the standard TLS handshake protocol. We then discuss how this TLS-like identity-based secret public key protocol can be applied to securing interactions between users and credential storage systems, such as MyProxy, within grid environments

Asian Yearbook of International Law, Volume 8 (1998-1999)

The Asian Yearbook of International Law is a major refereed publication dedicated to international law issues as seen primarily from an Asian perspective. Readership: Academics and practitioners who deal with international public law in Asia will appreciate this unique, complete resource. The Asian Yearbook of International Law provides insight into Asian views and practices, especially for non-Asian readers, and also promotes the dissemination of knowledge of international law in Asia

Turkey :neutral or ally?

The signing of the Treaty of Mutual Assistance on 19 October 1939 between the governments of Great Britain, France and Turkey was the culmination of a very complicated series of events and diplomatic negotiations. The founding of the Turkish Republic and the rapid development of a unique national culture, the rise of both Fascism and Communism and the development of a fierce rivalry between the European Powers, particularly Britain and Germany, all contributed to forming the context out of which the new Republic attempted to find her place in the sun. Turkey found herself the center of all these forces because of her position as guardian of the Straits, which afforded her the remarkable opportunity to pursue a unique diplomatic program. Because the nations of Europe wished for some say in the passage of shipping though the Dardanelles, Turkey used this as bait to play one power against another thereby preserving the economic and technical rewards which were offered by the powers as a means of gaining Turkish friendship. Although the Turkish leaders showed remarkable political and diplomatic acumen in their foreign policy a number of factors complicated the negotiations with the British and the French. Italy, because of her designs in the eastern Mediterranean became a serious threat to the Turkish Republic. The Soviet Union joined with Germany drastically altering the balance of power while certain Balkan states disapproved of the Turkish association with the British and French, and France prevented a rapid completion of a tripartite alliance because of difficulties which arose between herself and Turkey over her control over the Sanjak of Alexandretta. Of particular importance to the research of this thesis were the Documents on British Foreign Policy and the Documents on German Foreign policy. Diaries and personal memoirs rounded out the picture. Much of the information also came from the New York Times and a number of other newspapers and magazines. The study revealed a number of important features of both German and British foreign policy in the Middle East and Europe. It further reflected the political and diplomatic dexterity of the Turkish leaders who, under enormous pressures from all sides, were successful in pursuing their own policy despite the overwhelming resources of the Great Powers, thereby preserving the sovereignty and integrity of their nation. Turkey aligned formally with Britain and France but in reality continued to pursue a policy of neutrality which was the best means by which the Turkish desire for complete independence could be met

The origins of the United Nations Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) : international politics on the road to United Nations Security Council Resolution 186 (1964)

United Nations Security Council Resolution 186 (1964) forms the basis for the United Nations Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP), which is currently the longest running United Nations peace-keeping operation. However, the processes leading to the creation of an United Nations force, as opposed to some other peace-keeping force under NATO or the Commonwealth have not been adequately investigated in terms of the international political environment that existed at the time. Part I sets the historical context of the work. Chapter I examines the historical development of the Cold War, the United Nations (particularly peace-keeping), and the doctrine of non-alginment. Chapter II evaluates the Greco-Turkish conflict, the intercommunal history of Cyprus and the process of British decolonisation in Cyprus. Part II presents a review of the period from the outbreak of intercommunal violence in Cyprus to the eventual passing of Resolution 186. A period which had three distinct phases: (1) a regional emphasis centred mainly on Greece, Turkey and the United Kingdom, (2) a phase of Superpower involvement, and (3) the involvement of the Security Council, which, on 4 March 1964, resulted in United Nations Security Council Resolution 186 (1964). The thesis concludes that despite the efforts of the United Kingdom, Greece and Turkey, President Makarios engaged in a determined policy to internationalise the essentially intercommunal situation in Cyprus in order to prevent a Turkish intervention in the island. In the course of pursuing such an aim he was able to prevent the formation of a NATO-based peace-keeping force by exploiting the Soviet Union's interest in the Eastern Mediterranean basin. This move led the United Kingdom to initiate a first-strike policy and have the Cyprus issue discussed in the Security Council. The eventual result of this was the formation of UNFICYP, and it highlighted, in practical terms, the degree to which peace-keeping relied on the consent of the host state in the Cold War international system

The impact of civil society networks on the global politics of sustainable development

International networks of non-governmental organisations have assumed increasing importance in global politics over the past two decades. Attention to issues of environment and sustainable development in particular present a strong rationale for their engagement as active participants at every level of decision-making. Over the same period, significant advances in communication technology have changed the nature of global dialogue, and made it possible for organisations to interact globally in new ways. However, many International Relations theorists consider Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) as significant actors principally to the extent that they influence inter-governmental deliberations. This ignores a wealth of material which illustrates the diversity of objectives NGOs prioritise in the global polity. In particular, the functions and principles evident in the work of international NGO networks suggest much more complex and diverse goals and ways of working. This thesis presents a novel consideration of ways in which interaction between NGOs collaborating internationally is significant. It explores the different functions international NGO networks exist to perform, and the ways in which these challenge established understandings of the role of nongovernmental actors in global governance. Attention is also given to the distinctions between issue specific networks, established to enhance collaboration in particular policy areas, and broader networks which attempt to transcend these divisions. Problems and tensions which can arise within international NGO networks are also addresse& The thesis includes a detailed study of international NGO networking before, during and after the UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in 1992. It draws on an extensive array of primary material from the UNCED process and subsequently which has not previously been widely available, and considers ways in which 'sustainable development' has been interpreted by organisations which exist to challenge prevailing economic and social norms

LIPIcs, Volume 261, ICALP 2023, Complete Volume

LIPIcs, Volume 261, ICALP 2023, Complete Volum

Development of an Environmental Policy for the University of Surrey.

This project, whose aim is expressed in its title of "The Development of an Environmental Policy for the University of Surrey", involved research into the process of integrating environmental management activities into an organisation. At the conceptual level it explored the environmental agenda and various approaches to environmental management. As specific examples it examined two responses to the agenda from within the UK Higher Education sector (University of Surrey) and UK business and industry (Balfour Beatty Major Projects Ltd). The comparison enabled conclusions to be drawn about the most effective method for responding to the demands of the sustainable development agenda through the development and implementation of an environmental policy. At the University of Surrey, the research stimulated the creation of an Environmental Policy Steering Group and three Working Groups explicitly to facilitate a bottom-up approach to the development and implementation of its environmental policy. The early research findings strongly influenced the content and structure of the environmental policy statement that was proposed by these groups and-subsequently approved by appropriate University committees in Spring 1998. In addition, the process undertaken provides further evidence that the success of a bottom-up approach is highly dependent on sufficient top-level support, appropriate institutional arrangements and an appropriate institutional ethos. The research has also involved the development of an environmental procurement policy for Balfour Beatty Major Projects Ltd, which provided an industrial and engineering dimension to the work. Based upon both research and empirical data, a draft environmental procurement policy was proposed for Balfour Beatty Major Projects Ltd. The generic findings from this aspect of the project resulted in the development of a conceptual tri-partite environmental management framework (called "The SMART Approach") and the development of a simple model for an environmental procurement policy. The SMART approach offers guidance for writing the environmental policy statement and assessing its efficacy; presents an approach to establishing environmental impacts; and advocates the involvement of stakeholders to assist with the process of identifying the significance of those impacts. The validity of this model has been demonstrated through its application at the University of Surrey. Exploration of the environmental agenda inevitably focused upon clarifying sustainable development and interpreting the implications for the University of Surrey. The analysis has revealed what can be considered a "lost dimension" to the concept, that of concern for the impoverished and most notably those in the "developing" world. It is argued that institutions in the Higher Education sector can best respond to this agenda by applying the industry concept of "product stewardship" to all activities

Safety and Reliability - Safe Societies in a Changing World

The contributions cover a wide range of methodologies and application areas for safety and reliability that contribute to safe societies in a changing world. These methodologies and applications include: - foundations of risk and reliability assessment and management - mathematical methods in reliability and safety - risk assessment - risk management - system reliability - uncertainty analysis - digitalization and big data - prognostics and system health management - occupational safety - accident and incident modeling - maintenance modeling and applications - simulation for safety and reliability analysis - dynamic risk and barrier management - organizational factors and safety culture - human factors and human reliability - resilience engineering - structural reliability - natural hazards - security - economic analysis in risk managemen