Delay-centric handover in SCTP

The introduction of the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) has opened the possibility of a mobile aware transport protocol. The multihoming feature of SCTP negates the need for a solution such as Mobile IP and, as SCTP is a transport layer protocol, it adds no complexity to the network. Utilizing the handover procedure of SCTP, the large bandwidth of WLAN can be exploited whilst in the coverage of a hotspot, and still retain the 3G connection for when the user roams out of the hotspot’s range. All this functionality is provided at the transport layer and is transparent to the end user, something that is still important in non-mobile-aware legacy applications. However, there is one drawback to this scenario - the current handover scheme implemented in SCTP is failure-centric in nature. Handover is only performed in the presence of primary destination address failure. This dissertation proposes a new scheme for performing handover using SCTP. The handover scheme being proposed employs an aggressive polling of all destination addresses within an individual SCTP association in order to determine the round trip delay to each of these addresses. It then performs handover based on these measured path delays. This delay-centric approach does not incur the penalty associated with the current failover-based scheme, namely a number of timeouts before handover is performed. In some cases the proposed scheme can actually preempt the path failure, and perform handover before it occurs. The proposed scheme has been evaluated through simulation, emulation, and within the context of a wireless environment

Recent Advances in Wireless Communications and Networks

This book focuses on the current hottest issues from the lowest layers to the upper layers of wireless communication networks and provides "real-time" research progress on these issues. The authors have made every effort to systematically organize the information on these topics to make it easily accessible to readers of any level. This book also maintains the balance between current research results and their theoretical support. In this book, a variety of novel techniques in wireless communications and networks are investigated. The authors attempt to present these topics in detail. Insightful and reader-friendly descriptions are presented to nourish readers of any level, from practicing and knowledgeable communication engineers to beginning or professional researchers. All interested readers can easily find noteworthy materials in much greater detail than in previous publications and in the references cited in these chapters

Future Trends and Challenges for Mobile and Convergent Networks

Some traffic characteristics like real-time, location-based, and community-inspired, as well as the exponential increase on the data traffic in mobile networks, are challenging the academia and standardization communities to manage these networks in completely novel and intelligent ways, otherwise, current network infrastructures can not offer a connection service with an acceptable quality for both emergent traffic demand and application requisites. In this way, a very relevant research problem that needs to be addressed is how a heterogeneous wireless access infrastructure should be controlled to offer a network access with a proper level of quality for diverse flows ending at multi-mode devices in mobile scenarios. The current chapter reviews recent research and standardization work developed under the most used wireless access technologies and mobile access proposals. It comprehensively outlines the impact on the deployment of those technologies in future networking environments, not only on the network performance but also in how the most important requirements of several relevant players, such as, content providers, network operators, and users/terminals can be addressed. Finally, the chapter concludes referring the most notable aspects in how the environment of future networks are expected to evolve like technology convergence, service convergence, terminal convergence, market convergence, environmental awareness, energy-efficiency, self-organized and intelligent infrastructure, as well as the most important functional requisites to be addressed through that infrastructure such as flow mobility, data offloading, load balancing and vertical multihoming.Comment: In book 4G & Beyond: The Convergence of Networks, Devices and Services, Nova Science Publishers, 201

A cross-layer mobility management framework for next-generation wireless roaming

Word processed copy.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-64).This thesis proposes a mobility management framework that aims to provide a framework for advanced mobility algorithms that allows the challenges of next-generation roaming to be met. The framework features tools that gather context and content information, guarantee low-level QoS, provide security, and offer link and handoff management. The framework aims to be scalable and reliable for all-IP heterogeneous wireless networks whilst conforming to 4G service requirements

Control mechanisms for mobile terminals in heterogeneous access technology environments

Internet is evolving to become mobile and ubiquitous. As a consequence, there is a trend towards a diversification of the access technologies, as it can be seen with the recent appearance of wireless technologies such as WiFi or UMTS and the future deployment of WiMAX. Following these new opportunities, multi-technology terminals able to connect to the Internet through different technologies are appearing in the market. In this scenario, users start to demand new solutions able to use these new technologies in a transparent way from the user point of view. Foreseeing this demand, the IEEE started developing the specification IEEE 802.21, which enables multi-technology terminals to handover from one technology to another in a transparent way for the user. This specification has not yet being finished, and its deployment requires from the research community to analyze how to integrate it in current networks, how to achieve maximum benefit from its possibilities, and how to configure its parameters. In this thesis we propose control mechanisms for IP terminals to i) support efficient handovers in multi-technology environments applying the 802.21 framework and ii) allow the use of several interfaces and/or multiple providers by the terminals to improve the failure robustness of their communications. These mechanisms are focused in the terminal, although we also provide details on how to integrate IEEE 802.21 into nowadays operator's networks. The contributions of this thesis are threefold. In the first place the integration of 802.21 into terminals has been studied, focusing on the configuration of the parameters required to decide when to perform a handover in the case when the handover is initiated by the terminal. This analysis has also been done taking into account variables such as the terminal speed and the delay of the links. In the second place, we have studied how to introduce the Network Controlled Handover concept, using 802.21, into the network, including the possibility of the handover being initiated by the network. We have analyzed which are the main benefits of this approach and proposed and validated an implementation of this concept in 802.21. In third place we have analyzed a protocol, REAP, under development in the IETF, which allows terminals to detect and recover from failures in the links used in their communications. We have focused in the analytical characterization of the time required to detect a failure, since this parameter is crucial for the application's behavior. The applications should be able to cope with a failure without being disrupted by it. Through the analytical study performed, the REAP protocol can be properly configured to achieve a target recovery time. All the proposed mechanisms have been validated through simulation, using several tools such as OPNET, OMNET++ and MatlabLas tecnologías de acceso están evolucionando hacia un perfil móvil y ubicuo. Así mismo se está produciendo una diversificación en las tecnologías de acceso disponibles, con la proliferación de tecnologías inalámbricas como WiFi o UMTS y el despliegue próximo de WiMAX. Con la diversificación en el acceso aparecen también los primeros terminales multi-tecnología, capaces de utilizar diferentes redes simultáneamente. En este escenario, los usuarios empiezan a demandar soluciones y servicios capaces de utilizar estas tecnologías de forma transparente al usuario. Anticipándose a esta demanda, el IEEE comenzó la estandarización de la especificación 802.21 que permitirá a terminales multi-tecnología la posibilidad de realizar traspasos transparentes entre diferentes redes de acceso. Dicha especificación todavía no ha sido completada y su despliegue requiere la investigación de cómo integrarla en las redes actuales, cómo obtener el máximo beneficio de las posibilidades que presenta, así como de la configuración de sus parámetros. En la presente Tesis Doctoral proponemos una arquitectura que dota a terminales IP de mecanismos de control para i) soportar movilidad eficiente en entornos multi-tecnología en el marco de 802.21 y ii) permitir el uso de múltiples interfaces y/o proveedores con el objetivo de mejorar la robustez ante fallos en las comunicaciones. Dicha arquitectura se centra en el terminal aunque también se aportan detalles de cómo introducir las modificaciones requeridas por IEEE 802.21 en las redes de los operadores. Las contribuciones realizadas son varias. En primer lugar se ha estudiado la integración de IEEE 802.21 en un terminal, centrándonos en la configuración de los parámetros utilizados para determinar el momento del traspaso cuando éste es iniciado por el terminal. En segundo lugar se estudió cómo introducir, usando IEEE 802.21, el concepto de traspaso controlado por la red incluyendo la posibilidad de que la propia red sea la iniciadora del traspaso, analizando sus beneficios y aportando una propuesta de implementación dentro de IEEE 802.21. En tercer lugar analizamos un protocolo, REAP, que se está desarrollando dentro del IETF para permitir, desde los terminales, la detección y recuperación frente a fallos en los enlaces usados en sus comunicaciones. Dentro de este bloque nos centramos en la caracterización analítica del tiempo requerido para detectar un fallo ya que este parámetro es de vital importancia para el funcionamiento de las aplicaciones, que deben poder sobrevivir a un fallo sin verse completamente interrumpidas por él. Con el estudio analítico realizado es posible configurar REAP para alcanzar un tiempo determinado de recuperación ante fallo. Todos los mecanismos propuestos han sido validados mediante simulación empleando diversas herramientas como OPNET, OMNET++ y Matla

Cooperative resource pooling in multihomed mobile networks

The ubiquity of multihoming amongst mobile devices presents a unique opportunity for users to co-operate, sharing their available Internet connectivity, forming multihomed mobile networks on demand. This model provides users with vast potential to increase the quality of service they receive. Despite this, such mobile networks are typically underutilized and overly restrictive, as additional Internet connectivity options are predominantly ignored and selected gateways are both immutable and incapable of meeting the demand of the mobile network. This presents a number of research challenges, as users look to maximize their quality of experience, while balancing both the financial cost and power consumption associated with utilizing a diverse set of heterogeneous Internet connectivity options. In this thesis we present a novel architecture for mobile networks, the contribution of which is threefold. Firstly, we ensure the available Internet connectivity is appropriately advertised, building a routing overlay which allows mobile devices to access any available network resource. Secondly, we leverage the benefits of multipath communications, providing the mobile device with increased throughput, additional resilience and seamless mobility. Finally, we provide a multihomed framework, enabling policy driven network resource management and path selection on a per application basis. Policy driven resource management provides a rich and descriptive approach, allowing the context of the network and the device to be taken into account when making routing decisions at the edge of the Internet. The aim of this framework, is to provide an efficient and flexible approach to the allocation of applications to the optimal network resource, no matter where it resides in a mobile network. Furthermore, we investigate the benefits of path selection, facilitating the policy framework to choose the optimal network resource for specific applications. Through our evaluation, we prove that our approach to advertising Internet connectivity in a mobile network is both efficient and capable of increasing the utilization of the available network capacity. We then demonstrate that our policy driven approach to resource management and path selection can further improve the user’s quality of experience, by tailoring network resource usage to meet their specific needs

SCALABLE AND EFFICIENT VERTICAL HANDOVER DECISION ALGORITHMS IN VEHICULAR NETWORK CONTEXTS

A finales de los años noventa, y al comienzo del nuevo milenio, las redes inalámbricas han evolucionado bastante, pasando de ser sólo una tecnología prometedora para convertirse en un requisito para las actividades cotidianas en las sociedades desarrolladas. La infraestructura de transporte también ha evolucionado, ofreciendo comunicación a bordo para mejorar la seguridad vial y el acceso a contenidos de información y entretenimiento. Los requisitos de los usuarios finales se han hecho dependientes de la tecnología, lo que significa que sus necesidades de conectividad han aumentado debido a los diversos requisitos de las aplicaciones que se ejecutan en sus dispositivos móviles, tales como tabletas, teléfonos inteligentes, ordenadores portátiles o incluso ordenadores de abordo (On-Board Units (OBUs)) dentro de los vehículos. Para cumplir con dichos requisitos de conectividad, y teniendo en cuenta las diferentes redes inalámbricas disponibles, es necesario adoptar técnicas de Vertical Handover (VHO) para cambiar de red de forma transparente y sin necesidad de intervención del usuario. El objetivo de esta tesis es desarrollar algoritmos de decisión (Vertical Handover Decision Algorithms (VHDAs)) eficientes y escalables, optimizados para el contexto de las redes vehiculares. En ese sentido se ha propuesto, desarrollado y probado diferentes algoritmos de decisión basados en la infraestructura disponible en las actuales, y probablemente en las futuras, redes inalámbricas y redes vehiculares. Para ello se han combinado diferentes técnicas, métodos computacionales y modelos matemáticos, con el fin de garantizar una conectividad apropiada, y realizando el handover hacia las redes más adecuadas de manera a cumplir tanto con los requisitos de los usuarios como los requisitos de las aplicaciones. Con el fin de evaluar el contexto, se han utilizado diferentes herramientas para obtener información variada, como la disponibilidad de la red, el estado de la red, la geolocalizaciónMárquez Barja, JM. (2012). SCALABLE AND EFFICIENT VERTICAL HANDOVER DECISION ALGORITHMS IN VEHICULAR NETWORK CONTEXTS [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/17869Palanci