A Guide to Distributed Digital Preservation

This volume is devoted to the broad topic of distributed digital preservation, a still-emerging field of practice for the cultural memory arena. Replication and distribution hold out the promise of indefinite preservation of materials without degradation, but establishing effective organizational and technical processes to enable this form of digital preservation is daunting. Institutions need practical examples of how this task can be accomplished in manageable, low-cost ways."--P. [4] of cove

Preserving Our Collections, Preserving Our Missions

A Guide to Distributed Digital Preservation is intentionally structured such that every chaptercan stand on its own or be paired with other segments of the book at will, allowing readers topick their own pathway through the guide as best suits their needs. This approach hasnecessitated that the authors and editors include some level of repetition of basic principlesacross chapters, and has also made the Glossary (included at the back of this guide) an essentialreference resource for all readers.This guide is written with a broad audience in mind that includes librarians, curators, archivists,scholars, technologists, lawyers, and administrators. Any resourceful reader should be able to usethis guide to gain both a philosophical and practical understanding of the emerging field ofdistributed digital preservation (DDP), including how to establish or join a Private LOCKSSNetwork (PLN)

INFLUENCING HEALTHY FOOD CHOICES IN THE MARINE CORPS

The purpose of this thesis is to create an influence campaign focused on improving nutritional choices of Marines across the Marine Corps. It explores the most current publications from the U.S. Departments of Agriculture and Health and Human Services, and the U.S. military to establish a healthy nutrition baseline and identify how the Marine Corps attempts to provide adequate nutrition to its Marines. It demonstrates how optimizing food nutrition equates to combat readiness of the force. It investigates how food affects the body and how nutrients and timing affect a tactical athlete's performance. Since Marines have to choose from the food selections provided, the thesis outlines principles of influence that are and/or could be used to change food behavior. Influencing Marines’ behavior in favor of healthier food types that optimize physical performance and longevity is a pursuit worthy of an organization that must be fit and ready for combat. The thesis culminates with an influence campaign outlining suggestions that would achieve this nutritional increase, and thus combat readiness, in the Marine Corps.Captain, United States Marine CorpsApproved for public release. Distribution is unlimited

Understanding Physician Assisted Suicide: A Literature Review

Death and dying are difficult subjects for people to talk about, both for themselves and for their loved ones. It is unfortunate that so many terminal illnesses come with a lot of pain. When it has been determined that someone’s life is coming to an end, one would hope that it can be as peaceful as possible. Two options for end of life care include continuous palliative sedation and physician assisted suicide. This article will discuss physician assisted suicide in depth in order to expand understanding of the treatment

Geospatial Data Preservation Prime

This primer is one in a series of Operational Policy documents being developed by GeoConnections. It is intended to inform Canadian Geospatial Data Infrastructure (CGDI) stakeholders about the nature and scope of digital geospatial data archiving and preservation and the realities, challenges and good practices of related operational policies. Burgeoning growth of online geospatial applications and the deluge of data, combined with the growing complexity of archiving and preserving digital data, has revealed a significant gap in the operational policy coverage for the Canadian geospatial data infrastructure (CGDI). Currently there is no commonly accepted guidance for CGDI stakeholders wishing or mandated to preserve their geospatial data assets for long-term access and use. More specifically, there is little or no guidance available to inform operational policy decisions on how to manage, preserve and provide access to a digital geospatial data collection. The preservation of geospatial data over a period of time is especially important when datasets are required to inform modeling applications such as climate change impact predictions, flood forecasts and land use management. Furthermore, data custodians may have both a legal and moral responsibility to implement effective archiving and preservation programs. Based on research and analysis of the Canadian legislative framework and current international practices in digital data archiving and preservation, this primer provides guidance on the factors to be considered and the steps to be taken in planning and implementing a data archiving and preservation program. It describes an approach to establishing a geospatial data archives based on good practices from the literature and Canadian case studies. This primer will provide CGDI stakeholders with information on how to incorporate archiving and preservation considerations into an effective data management process that covers the entire life cycle (DCC, 2013) (LAC, 2006) of their geospatial data assets (i.e., creation and receipt, distribution, use, maintenance, and disposition. It is intended to inform CGDI stakeholders on the importance of long term data preservation, and provide them with the information and tools required to make policy decisions for creating an archives and preserving digital geospatial data

Marijuana Edibles and “Gummy Bears”

Contemporary American society has decided that, whatever may be the benefits and harms of liberalizing marijuana use by adults, we should continue to outlaw the sale of recreational-use marijuana to children and adolescents. Even the states that permit recreational marijuana use under state law draw the line between adults and minors. Unfortunately, some companies pay only lip service to that line. The ability to develop products that closely resemble cookies, brownies, candies, and other substances that are attractive to children and adolescents — albeit, for different reasons — poses the risk that minors — some accidentally, some intentionally — will consume marijuana edibles found around the home or elsewhere. Any use of marijuana by children and long-term use of marijuana by adolescents poses health risks avoidable through federal prohibition or regulation of edibles.To avoid the danger to their health and safety, the Justice Department and the FDA should take steps to prevent adulterated and mislabeled edibles from harming the public. Even if the Justice Department decides not to challenge the state medical or recreational use programs, the FDA should consider treating such edibles as adulterated foods under the FDCA — taking whatever steps are available to prevent the sale of any such products altogether — or to allow sales to go forward only under strictly regulated conditions. Doing so would help to reduce the danger that edibles pose to the health and safety of children and adolescents without materially interfering in state decisions on how to regulate the distribution of medical-use marijuana or the recreational use of that drug by adults

Comparison of the initial Ebola virus disease symptoms and subsequent sequelae of 10 survivors in the Koinadugu district of Sierra Leone during the 2014-2015 outbreak (a pilot study)

A epidemia pelo vírus Ébola que devastou a África Ocidental em 2014-2015 foi a maior que o Mundo testemunhou até hoje. Começou em Dezembro de 2013 e permaneuceu indetectável durante 3 meses, permitindo que o vírus se continuasse a espalhar de forma descontrolada e para a epidemia escalar até ao ponto em que foi declarada uma emergencia internacional em Agosto de 2014. Consequências a curto e longo prazo têm sido documentadas em sobreviventes, variando desde físicas, a psicológicas e sociais. Além disso, a permanência do vírus em determinados compartimentos biológicos de sobreviventes (ex: sémen) colocam os países em alto risco do vírus voltar a ser introduzido em comunidades onde este já foi eliminado. Este estudo procurou identificar os sintomas de 10 sobreviventes da doença pelo vírus Ébola, escolhidos de forma não aleatória, tanto no momento em que estavam com a doença na sua fase activa como nos meses de convalescença, e verificar se haveria alguma relação entre os dois. Os sintomas mais comuns durante a fase activa da doença foram perda de peso, artralgia e febre; e nos meses de convalescença foram cefaleias, fadiga, astenia e lombalgias. Sessenta por cento dos sobreviventes apresentavam na fase de convalescença, um ou mais dos sintomas que tinham durante a fase activa da doença, sendo as cefaleias o sintoma mais comum a persistir, seguido de astenia. No entanto, todos os sobreviventes apresentavam no mínimo um sintoma meses após a fase activa da doença, independentemente dos sintomas que haviam desenvolvido na fase activa. Os eventos biológicos e patogénicos que estão envolvidos no desenvolvimento do síndrome pós-Ébola ainda não são claros e mais estudos são necessários nesta área. No entanto, e tendo em consideração uma abordagem sindromática, este estudo em particular conclui que a gravidade da doença pelo vírus Ébola na sua fase aguda não parece estar associada com a gravidade das sequelas apresentadas, também conhecidas como síndrome pós-Ébola.The 2014-2015 West Africa Ebola Outbreak was the largest the World has ever seen. It started in December 2013 and was left unnoticed for 3 months, allowing for the virus to keep spreading uncontrollably and for the outbreak to keep escalating until it was declared an International emergency in August 2014. Both short and long term complications have been reported on EVD survivors, ranging from physical to psychological and social and, in addition, the persistence of EVD in selected body compartments of the survivors (i.e.: semen) poses a great risk of reintroduction of the virus in areas where transmission has previously been eliminated. This study aimed to identify the symptoms presented by 10 non-randomized EVD survivors both during the acute stage of the disease and months after recovery and understand if there was any relation between these two stages. The most common symptoms recorded during the active stage of EVD were weight loss, joint pain and fever; and months after were headache, fatigue, weakness and back pain. Sixty per cent of survivors presented months after recovery with one or more of the symptoms they had during the acute stage of the disease, being headache the most common symptom to persist, followed by weakness. However, all survivors presented with one or more symptom months after recovery, regardless of the symptoms existing during the acute stage of the disease. The pathogenic and biological events that lead to the development of PEVDS are still unclear and more studies still need to be done on that subject. However, taking in consideration a symptomatic approach, this particular study concludes that the severity of the disease in its acute stage doesn‟t seem to be associated with the severity of the sequelae, also known as post-EVD syndrome

Top ten research questions related to preventing sudden death in sport and physical activity

Participation in organized sport and recreational activities presents an innate risk for serious morbidity and mortality. Although death during sport or physical activity has many causes, advancements in sports medicine and evidence-based standards of care have allowed clinicians to prevent, recognize, and treat potentially fatal injuries more effectively. With the continual progress of research and technology, current standards of care are evolving to enhance patient outcomes. In this article, we provided 10 key questions related to the leading causes and treatment of sudden death in sport and physical activity, where future research will support safer participation for athletes and recreational enthusiasts. The current evidence indicates that most deaths can be avoided when proper strategies are in place to prevent occurrence or provide optimal care

Slowing Down Accelerated Approval: Examining the Role of Industry Influence, Patient Advocacy Organizations, and Political Pressure on FDA Drug Approval

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has been revered as the gold standard in pharmaceutical safety and efficacy review since the 1960s. More recently, partly in response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic and the pressing need for new treatments, the FDA established an accelerated approval process to hasten the review of new drug applications so that drugs could be approved and brought to market as soon as possible. Although accelerated approval has led to the availability of new treatments for patients with few other options, this Note argues that, today, the FDA grants accelerated approval too hastily and may be sacrificing scientific rigor in doing so. On June 7, 2021, the FDA announced the accelerated approval of Aduhelm™ (aducanumab), sponsored by pharmaceutical manufacturer Biogen, for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. This approval occurred despite intense criticism of the drug’s efficacy from the scientific community and concerns about potentially dangerous side effects. Using Aduhelm as a case study, this Note illustrates the benefits and risks of the FDA’s accelerated approval process and proposes areas for improvement. It suggests revisions to the role of advisory committees that weigh in on whether a drug should be approved, offers ways to further incentivize pharmaceutical companies to confirm a new drug’s clinical benefits, and theorizes how a controversial drug approval from the FDA could be challenged in court