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Fuzzy based load and energy aware multipath routing for mobile ad hoc networks
Routing is a challenging task in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) due to their dynamic topology and lack of central administration. As a consequence of un-predictable topology changes of such networks, routing protocols employed need to accurately capture the delay, load, available bandwidth and residual node energy at various locations of the network for effective energy and load balancing. This paper presents a fuzzy logic based scheme that ensures delay, load and energy aware routing to avoid congestion and minimise end-to-end delay in MANETs. In the proposed approach, forwarding delay, average load, available bandwidth and residual battery energy at a mobile node are given as inputs to a fuzzy inference engine to determine the traffic distribution possibility from that node based on the given fuzzy rules. Based on the output from the fuzzy system, traffic is distributed over fail-safe multiple routes to reduce the load at a congested node. Through simulation results, we show that our approach reduces end-to-end delay, packet drop and average energy consumption and increases packet delivery ratio for constant bit rate (CBR) traffic when compared with the popular Ad hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV) routing protocol
On Energy Efficiency and Delay Minimization in Reactive Protocols in Wireless Multi-hop Networks
In Wireless Multi-hop Networks (WMhNs), routing protocols with energy
efficient and delay reduction techniques are needed to fulfill users demands.
In this paper, we present Linear Programming models (LP_models) to assess and
enhance reactive routing protocols. To practically examine constraints of
respective LP_models over reactive protocols, we select AODV, DSR and DYMO. It
is deduced from analytical simulations of LP_models in MATLAB that quick route
repair reduces routing latency and optimizations of retransmission attempts
results efficient energy utilization. To provide quick repair, we enhance AODV
and DSR. To practically examine the efficiency of enhanced protocols in
different scenarios of WMhNs, we conduct simulations using NS- 2. From
simulation results, enhanced DSR and AODV achieve efficient output by
optimizing routing latencies and routing load in terms of retransmission
attempts
An Overview of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks for the Existing Protocols and Applications
Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of two or more devices or nodes
or terminals with wireless communications and networking capability that
communicate with each other without the aid of any centralized administrator
also the wireless nodes that can dynamically form a network to exchange
information without using any existing fixed network infrastructure. And it's
an autonomous system in which mobile hosts connected by wireless links are free
to be dynamically and some time act as routers at the same time, and we discuss
in this paper the distinct characteristics of traditional wired networks,
including network configuration may change at any time, there is no direction
or limit the movement and so on, and thus needed a new optional path Agreement
(Routing Protocol) to identify nodes for these actions communicate with each
other path, An ideal choice way the agreement should not only be able to find
the right path, and the Ad Hoc Network must be able to adapt to changing
network of this type at any time. and we talk in details in this paper all the
information of Mobile Ad Hoc Network which include the History of ad hoc,
wireless ad hoc, wireless mobile approaches and types of mobile ad Hoc
networks, and then we present more than 13 types of the routing Ad Hoc Networks
protocols have been proposed. In this paper, the more representative of routing
protocols, analysis of individual characteristics and advantages and
disadvantages to collate and compare, and present the all applications or the
Possible Service of Ad Hoc Networks.Comment: 24 Pages, JGraph-Hoc Journa
DSDV, DYMO, OLSR: Link Duration and Path Stability
In this paper, we evaluate and compare the impact of link duration and path
stability of routing protocols; Destination Sequence Distance vector (DSDV),
Dynamic MANET On- Demand (DYMO) and Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) at
different number of connections and node density. In order to improve the
efficiency of selected protocols; we enhance DYMO and OLSR. Simulation and
comparison of both default and enhanced routing protocols is carried out under
the performance parameters; Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Average End-to End
Delay (AE2ED) and Normalized Routing Overhead (NRO). From the results, we
observe that DYMO performs better than DSDV, MOD-OLSR and OLSR in terms of PDR,
AE2ED, link duration and path stability at the cost of high value of NRO
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