Transversal structures on triangulations: a combinatorial study and straight-line drawings

This article focuses on a combinatorial structure specific to triangulated plane graphs with quadrangular outer face and no separating triangle, which are called irreducible triangulations. The structure has been introduced by Xin He under the name of regular edge-labelling and consists of two bipolar orientations that are transversal. For this reason, the terminology used here is that of transversal structures. The main results obtained in the article are a bijection between irreducible triangulations and ternary trees, and a straight-line drawing algorithm for irreducible triangulations. For a random irreducible triangulation with $n$ vertices, the grid size of the drawing is asymptotically with high probability $11n/27\times 11n/27$ up to an additive error of \cO(\sqrt{n}). In contrast, the best previously known algorithm for these triangulations only guarantees a grid size $(\lceil n/2\rceil -1)\times \lfloor n/2\rfloor$.Comment: 42 pages, the second version is shorter, focusing on the bijection (with application to counting) and on the graph drawing algorithm. The title has been slightly change

On vertex-degree restricted subgraphs in polyhedral graphs

AbstractFirst a brief survey of known facts is given. Main result of this paper: every polyhedral (i.e. 3-connected planar) graph G with minimum degree at least 4 and order at least k (k⩾4) contains a connected subgraph on k vertices having degrees (in G) at most 4k−1, the bound 4k−1 being best possible

Minimal unavoidable sets of cycles in plane graphs

A set $S$ of cycles is minimal unavoidable in a graph family $\cal{G}$ if each graph $G \in \cal{G}$ contains a cycle from $S$ and, for each proper subset $S^{\prime}\subset S$, there exists an infinite subfamily $\cal{G}^{\prime}\subseteq\cal{G}$ such that no graph from $\cal{G}^{\prime}$ contains a cycle from $S^{\prime}$. In this paper, we study minimal unavoidable sets of cycles in plane graphs of minimum degree at least 3 and present several graph constructions which forbid many cycle sets to be unavoidable. We also show the minimality of several small sets consisting of short cycles

Shortness coefficient of cyclically 4-edge-connected cubic graphs

Grünbaum and Malkevitch proved that the shortness coefficient of cyclically 4-edge-connected cubic planar graphs is at most 76/77. Recently, this was improved to 359/366 (< 52/53) and the question was raised whether this can be strengthened to 41/42, a natural bound inferred from one of the Faulkner-Younger graphs. We prove that the shortness coefficient of cyclically 4-edge-connected cubic planar graphs is at most 37/38 and that we also get the same value for cyclically 4-edge-connected cubic graphs of genus g for any prescribed genus g ≥ 0. We also show that 45/46 is an upper bound for the shortness coefficient of cyclically 4-edge-connected cubic graphs of genus g with face lengths bounded above by some constant larger than 22 for any prescribed g ≥ 0

Shortness exponents of families of graphs

AbstractKnown estimates of the maximal length of simple circuits in certain 3-connected planar graphs are surveyed and improved in several directions

The Complexity of Finding Small Triangulations of Convex 3-Polytopes

The problem of finding a triangulation of a convex three-dimensional polytope with few tetrahedra is proved to be NP-hard. We discuss other related complexity results.Comment: 37 pages. An earlier version containing the sketch of the proof appeared at the proceedings of SODA 200

Networks, (K)nots, Nucleotides, and Nanostructures

Designing self-assembling DNA nanostructures often requires the identification of a route for a scaffolding strand of DNA through the target structure. When the target structure is modeled as a graph, these scaffolding routes correspond to Eulerian circuits subject to turning restrictions imposed by physical constraints on the strands of DNA. Existence of such Eulerian circuits is an NP-hard problem, which can be approached by adapting solutions to a version of the Traveling Salesperson Problem. However, the author and collaborators have demonstrated that even Eulerian circuits obeying these turning restrictions are not necessarily feasible as scaffolding routes by giving examples of nontrivially knotted circuits which cannot be traced by the unknotted scaffolding strand. Often, targets of DNA nanostructure self-assembly are modeled as graphs embedded on surfaces in space. In this case, Eulerian circuits obeying the turning restrictions correspond to A-trails, circuits which turn immediately left or right at each vertex. In any graph embedded on the sphere, all A-trails are unknotted regardless of the embedding of the sphere in space. We show that this does not hold in general for graphs on the torus. However, we show this property does hold for checkerboard-colorable graphs on the torus, that is, those graphs whose faces can be properly 2-colored, and provide a partial converse to this result. As a consequence, we characterize (with one exceptional family) regular triangulations of the torus containing unknotted A-trails. By developing a theory of sums of A-trails, we lift constructions from the torus to arbitrary n-tori, and by generalizing our work on A-trails to smooth circuit decompositions, we construct all torus links and certain sums of torus links from circuit decompositions of rectangular torus grids. Graphs embedded on surfaces are equivalent to ribbon graphs, which are particularly well-suited to modeling DNA nanostructures, as their boundary components correspond to strands of DNA and their twisted ribbons correspond to double-helices. Every ribbon graph has a corresponding delta-matroid, a combinatorial object encoding the structure of the ribbon-graph\u27s spanning quasi-trees (substructures having exactly one boundary component). We show that interlacement with respect to quasi-trees can be generalized to delta-matroids, and use the resulting structure on delta-matroids to provide feasible-set expansions for a family of delta-matroid polynomials, both recovering well-known expansions of this type (such as the spanning-tree expansion of the Tutte polynnomial) as well as providing several previously unknown expansions. Among these are expansions for the transition polynomial, a version of which has been used to study DNA nanostructure self-assembly, and the interlace polynomial, which solves a problem in DNA recombination