1,514 research outputs found

    On Jordan's and Kober's inequality

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    We refine some classical inequalities for trigonometric functions, such as Jordan's inequality, Cusa–Huygens's inequality, and Kober's inequality

    Nonfarm income, inequality, and poverty in rural Egypt and Jordan

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    The rural economy of developing countries has long been regarded as synonymous with agriculture but in recent years this view has begun to change. Such diverse activities as government, commerce, and services are now seen as providing most income in rural households. Applying decomposition analysis to two new nationally representative sets of household data from Egypt and Jordan, the author examines how different sources of income--including nonfarm income--affect inequality in rural income. He concludes: 1) Nonfarm income has different impacts on poverty and inequality in the two countries. In Egypt the poor (those in the lowest quintile) receive almost 60 percent of their per capita income from nonfarm income. In Jordan the poor receive less than 20 percent of their income from nonfarm income. So nonfarm income decreases inequality in Egypt and increases it in Jordan. 2) Access to land accounts for this difference between the two countries. In Egypt the cultivated land base is totally irrigated and very highly productive. Egypt's large rural population seeks access to land but because the land-to-people ratio is so unfavorable, only a minority of rural inhabitants actually own land. The rest--especially the poor--are forced to seek work in the nonfarm sector. By contrast, only 30 percent of Jordan's cultivated land base is irrigated and crop yields are low. So Jordan's rural population does not press for access to land because the attractive economic rates of return are found in the non-farm sector. Unlike Egypt's rich, rural Jordan's rich earn less than 10 percent of their total per capita income from agriculture and more than 55 percent of it from non-farm sources. 3) The poor in both countries depend heavily on government employment to decrease inequality. Government wages provide 43 percent of non-farm income for Egypt's rural poor and 60 percent of Jordan's. But since both governments already employ far more workers than they can possibly use, advocating increased government employment to reduce inequality would not be wise policy advice. From a policy standpoint, it would be better to reduce income inequality by focusing on non-farm unskilled labor (for example, in construction, brick-making, and ditch-digging), an important income source. 4) In Egypt non-farm income decreases inequality because inadequate access to land"pushes"poorer households out of agriculture and into the non-farm sector. Although agricultural income is positively associated with land ownership in rural Egypt, that ownership is unevenly distributed in favor of the rich, so nonfarm income is not linked to land ownership and is thus more important to the rural poor.Inequality,Environmental Economics&Policies,Rural Poverty Reduction,Safety Nets and Transfers,Services&Transfers to Poor

    Challenge and potential of future agricultural development in Jordan:role of education and entrepreneurship

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    The paper examines the status of agriculture development in Jordan, current challenges and potential of future development. Aim of the study is to find out the role of education and entrepreneurship in fostering agriculture development in Jordan through: introducing new technologies into the sector; applying modern and global marketing perspective, and youth entrepreneurship empowerment. This study is based on theoretical approach based on secondary research, and primary research includes two surveys were carried out at this study. Like various studies this study confirmed that water scarcity is the main challenge facing agriculture development in Jordan, and the sector is less developed than other sectors in the country. Nevertheless, this study added that youth entrepreneurship low participation in the sector is not only due to financial shortage and youth insufficient knowledge, but it's due to their low attitude to working in agriculture too. Therefore, it is suggested that there is a need for significant paradigm shift in the education system to meet the needs of the market. Also utilizing the role of R&D to enhance the management of water resources and emphasize desalination and wastewater reuse, and change youth's attitude to working in agriculture. Add to the aforementioned that there is a need to provide more financial and technical support to attract and help youth entrepreneurs to invest in the sector

    Preferential vs. Full Trade Liberalisation: A Dynamic CGE Model with Heterogeneous Households for Jordan

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    This paper deals with the economic effects and the policy implications of trade liberalisation on the Jordanian economy, with emphasis on welfare, income distribution and real wages of heterogeneous households, by using a neoclassical dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. Specifically the paper assesses the impacts of preferential trade liberalisation with the European Union (EU) and compare them with those brought about by broad and non-discriminatory trade liberalisation. --Dynamic CGE Models,Heterogeneous households,Trade liberalisation,Jordan

    Abstracts : policy research working paper series - numbers 2568-2618

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    This paper contains abstracts of Policy Research Working Paper series Numbers 2568-2618.Environmental Economics&Policies,Health Economics&Finance,Economic Theory&Research,Governance Indicators,Health Monitoring&Evaluation

    The impact of domestic savings gap on the current account balance in Jordan during the period (1995-2020)

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    The study aims to demonstrate the role of the domestic savings gap in the Current Account (CA) balance in Jordan, by analyzing the size and development of the domestic savings gap in Jordan. As well as analyzing the role of domestic savings in the CA, and balance in Jordan. Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Bound Testing methodology were used to measure the short and long-term impact of deficit determinants in the CA of the Jordanian balance of payments. Several results were found in the current study. First, a positive and significant effect of the public savings gap on the CA deficit in Jordan was found during the period 1995 to 2020. Second, a positive and significant effect of the private sector savings gap on the CA in Jordan during the study period. Finally, the government sector’s gap has a greater impact compared to the private sector's gap on the CA in Jordan. The study recommends the necessity of drawing up incentive policies for domestic savings and creating incentives and means that can help increase the mobilization and distribution of savings to finance productive investments to reduce the CA deficit in Jordan
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