School district organization and governance in South Carolina

This paper examines the structure and governance of public education in South Carolina at both the state and local levels. We are particularly concerned with the local dimensions: the number and sizes of districts, the size and composition of school boards, and the methods by which either or both can be changed. We also consider the implications of this structure for the ability of school districts to provide an adequate education to all their pupils and to do so in a flexible but accountable manner that reflects and respects the different needs, backgrounds, challenges and opportunities of their student populations

Spartan Daily, April 28, 1998

Volume 110, Issue 61https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/spartandaily/9277/thumbnail.jp

Will accountability standards improve public schools? (Accountability and education reform, part 4)

Fiscal policy ; State finance

Factor Mobility Nexus Regional Competition: Switzerland in Focus

Regions or countries inter in to competition between or among themselves having an aspiration of improving their jurisdiction through attracting potential firms and labors towards their country by means of reducing tax burdens imposed upon firms and overlooking environmental and other related issues. The aims this paper is to explore the essential elements that are responsible for inter-regional growth disparities and brought an intense competition between or among regions of a nation. And attempts are also done to address the question like: why factors of productions move from one place to another; and what effect does it brings for the development of inter-regional inequalities. Besides, the theoretical and conceptual explanation of factor mobility and the underlying reason responsible for the mobility of factors of productions across and within a country, the practice  of factor mobility and inter-cantonal competition with particular emphasis of Switzerland confederation  which is the oldest federation with extended autonomous of sub-national unities), and measures being taken by the confederal government to redress the ‘race to bottom effect- unproductive and imperfect tax competition’ among cantons are also discussed in detail. Keywords: Factor mobility, revenue equalization, cost equalization, regional competition, tax harmonizatio

Governance Mechanism of E-health in Chinese Urban Communities: The Case of Zhabei District in Shanghai

E-health governance can be divided into four kinds of models: government-oriented, market-oriented, government-market cooperation, and multi-collaborative governance. With the development of market economy, democratic consciousness and management philosophy, traditional e-health management faces many challenges. And multi-collaborative governance model is becoming a good choice for the community e-health. In order to further analyze the characteristics and applicability of this model and explore the sustainable development path, this paper selects Zhabei District as a typical case and distinguishes the roles of different governance bodies in community e-health. By this study, we recognize that the e-health governance of Chinese urban community has some problems, such as, insufficient involvement of non-governmental body, obvious conflict of interest and the lack of collaboration among the various subjects. Therefore, it is supposed to construct an integrated e-health development mechanism. Based on collaborative governance theory, the mechanism has to follow three basic principles. At the same time, effective operation of this mechanism need five mechanisms which include trust, communication and negotiation, cost sharing, supervision and feedback. Key words: community e-health, collaborative governance, medical service, Zhabei Distric

Stability and fairness in models with a multiple membership

This article studies a model of coalition formation for the joint production (and finance) of public projects, in which agents may belong to multiple coalitions. We show that, if projects are divisible, there always exists a stable (secession-proof) structure, i.e., a structure in which no coalition would reject a proposed arrangement. When projects are in- divisible, stable allocations may fail to exist and, for those cases, we resort to the least core in order to estimate the degree of instability. We also examine the compatibility of stability and fairness on metric environments with indivisible projects. To do so, we explore, among other things, the performance of several well-known solutions (such as the Shapley value, the nucleolus, or the Dutta-Ray value) in these environments.stability, fairness, membership, coalition formation

International Profiles of Health Care Systems

Compares the healthcare systems of Australia, Canada, Denmark, England, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States, including spending, use of health information technology, and coverage

Fiscal Federalism as Risk-Sharing: The Insurance Role of Redistributive Taxation

In addition to funding government and redistributing income, a redistributive tax-and-transfer system, and a progressive income tax in particular, provides insurance against the risk of uncertain future income. By providing for high taxes for high incomes, and low taxes, exemptions, and transfers for low incomes, a progressive income tax lowers the volatility of potential after-tax income relative to a lump-sum tax. This insurance function is distinct from the redistributive function of the system, since it provides a direct risk-mitigation benefit to the taxpayer himself, rather than simply redistributing income from one taxpayer to another. This article analyzes the question of at what level of government to assign the income tax role in a federal system, given both its redistributive and insurance functions. The standard view in the literature is that redistribution is best done centrally, and thus that an income tax is best used by the federal government, rather than by state governments. Yet recent work suggests that states can effectively have some role in redistribution. Income insurance, however, can be more effectively done by the federal government, because of its larger risk pool and better ability to handle revenue volatility. This article argues that states will, and likely should, use progressive income taxes as a tool of greater redistribution. At the same time, the insurance function of a progressive income tax can still be nationalized through policies that resemble re-insurance. In particular, this article looks at the idea of a multi-state rainy-day fund as a form of pooled state revenue insurance, as well as federal policies that may achieve some of the same benefits

School Finance Systems and Their Responsiveness to Performance Pressures: A Case Study of Texas

Details the mechanisms of and influences on the state's school finance system, changes caused by increased performance pressures, local officials' ability to allocate resources as deemed appropriate, and obstacles to linking resources to student learning