250 research outputs found

    Multidisciplinary perspectives on Artificial Intelligence and the law

    Get PDF
    This open access book presents an interdisciplinary, multi-authored, edited collection of chapters on Artificial Intelligence (‘AI’) and the Law. AI technology has come to play a central role in the modern data economy. Through a combination of increased computing power, the growing availability of data and the advancement of algorithms, AI has now become an umbrella term for some of the most transformational technological breakthroughs of this age. The importance of AI stems from both the opportunities that it offers and the challenges that it entails. While AI applications hold the promise of economic growth and efficiency gains, they also create significant risks and uncertainty. The potential and perils of AI have thus come to dominate modern discussions of technology and ethics – and although AI was initially allowed to largely develop without guidelines or rules, few would deny that the law is set to play a fundamental role in shaping the future of AI. As the debate over AI is far from over, the need for rigorous analysis has never been greater. This book thus brings together contributors from different fields and backgrounds to explore how the law might provide answers to some of the most pressing questions raised by AI. An outcome of the Católica Research Centre for the Future of Law and its interdisciplinary working group on Law and Artificial Intelligence, it includes contributions by leading scholars in the fields of technology, ethics and the law.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    LIPIcs, Volume 251, ITCS 2023, Complete Volume

    Get PDF
    LIPIcs, Volume 251, ITCS 2023, Complete Volum

    Mapping the Focal Points of WordPress: A Software and Critical Code Analysis

    Get PDF
    Programming languages or code can be examined through numerous analytical lenses. This project is a critical analysis of WordPress, a prevalent web content management system, applying four modes of inquiry. The project draws on theoretical perspectives and areas of study in media, software, platforms, code, language, and power structures. The applied research is based on Critical Code Studies, an interdisciplinary field of study that holds the potential as a theoretical lens and methodological toolkit to understand computational code beyond its function. The project begins with a critical code analysis of WordPress, examining its origins and source code and mapping selected vulnerabilities. An examination of the influence of digital and computational thinking follows this. The work also explores the intersection of code patching and vulnerability management and how code shapes our sense of control, trust, and empathy, ultimately arguing that a rhetorical-cultural lens can be used to better understand code\u27s controlling influence. Recurring themes throughout these analyses and observations are the connections to power and vulnerability in WordPress\u27 code and how cultural, processual, rhetorical, and ethical implications can be expressed through its code, creating a particular worldview. Code\u27s emergent properties help illustrate how human values and practices (e.g., empathy, aesthetics, language, and trust) become encoded in software design and how people perceive the software through its worldview. These connected analyses reveal cultural, processual, and vulnerability focal points and the influence these entanglements have concerning WordPress as code, software, and platform. WordPress is a complex sociotechnical platform worthy of further study, as is the interdisciplinary merging of theoretical perspectives and disciplines to critically examine code. Ultimately, this project helps further enrich the field by introducing focal points in code, examining sociocultural phenomena within the code, and offering techniques to apply critical code methods

    Digital agriculture: research, development and innovation in production chains.

    Get PDF
    Digital transformation in the field towards sustainable and smart agriculture. Digital agriculture: definitions and technologies. Agroenvironmental modeling and the digital transformation of agriculture. Geotechnologies in digital agriculture. Scientific computing in agriculture. Computer vision applied to agriculture. Technologies developed in precision agriculture. Information engineering: contributions to digital agriculture. DIPN: a dictionary of the internal proteins nanoenvironments and their potential for transformation into agricultural assets. Applications of bioinformatics in agriculture. Genomics applied to climate change: biotechnology for digital agriculture. Innovation ecosystem in agriculture: Embrapa?s evolution and contributions. The law related to the digitization of agriculture. Innovating communication in the age of digital agriculture. Driving forces for Brazilian agriculture in the next decade: implications for digital agriculture. Challenges, trends and opportunities in digital agriculture in Brazil

    Digital agriculture: research, development and innovation in production chains.

    Get PDF
    Digital transformation in the field towards sustainable and smart agriculture. Digital agriculture: definitions and technologies. Agroenvironmental modeling and the digital transformation of agriculture. Geotechnologies in digital agriculture. Scientific computing in agriculture. Computer vision applied to agriculture. Technologies developed in precision agriculture. Information engineering: contributions to digital agriculture. DIPN: a dictionary of the internal proteins nanoenvironments and their potential for transformation into agricultural assets. Applications of bioinformatics in agriculture. Genomics applied to climate change: biotechnology for digital agriculture. Innovation ecosystem in agriculture: Embrapa?s evolution and contributions. The law related to the digitization of agriculture. Innovating communication in the age of digital agriculture. Driving forces for Brazilian agriculture in the next decade: implications for digital agriculture. Challenges, trends and opportunities in digital agriculture in Brazil.Translated by Beverly Victoria Young and Karl Stephan Mokross

    Academic integrity : a call to research and action

    Get PDF
    Originally published in French:L'urgence de l'intégrité académique, Éditions EMS, Management & société, Caen, 2021 (ISBN 978-2-37687-472-0).The urgency of doing complements the urgency of knowing. Urgency here is not the inconsequential injunction of irrational immediacy. It arises in various contexts for good reasons, when there is a threat to the human existence and harms to others. Today, our knowledge based civilization is at risk both by new production models of knowledge and by the shamelessness of knowledge delinquents, exposing the greatest number to important risks. Swiftly, the editors respond to the diagnostic by setting up a reference tool for academic integrity. Across multiple dialogues between the twenty-five chapters and five major themes, the ethical response shapes pragmatic horizons for action, on a range of disciplinary competencies: from science to international diplomacy. An interdisciplinary work indispensable for teachers, students and university researchers and administrators

    A review of commercialisation mechanisms for carbon dioxide removal

    Get PDF
    The deployment of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) needs to be scaled up to achieve net zero emission pledges. In this paper we survey the policy mechanisms currently in place globally to incentivise CDR, together with an estimate of what different mechanisms are paying per tonne of CDR, and how those costs are currently distributed. Incentive structures are grouped into three structures, market-based, public procurement, and fiscal mechanisms. We find the majority of mechanisms currently in operation are underresourced and pay too little to enable a portfolio of CDR that could support achievement of net zero. The majority of mechanisms are concentrated in market-based and fiscal structures, specifically carbon markets and subsidies. While not primarily motivated by CDR, mechanisms tend to support established afforestation and soil carbon sequestration methods. Mechanisms for geological CDR remain largely underdeveloped relative to the requirements of modelled net zero scenarios. Commercialisation pathways for CDR require suitable policies and markets throughout the projects development cycle. Discussion and investment in CDR has tended to focus on technology development. Our findings suggest that an equal or greater emphasis on policy innovation may be required if future requirements for CDR are to be met. This study can further support research and policy on the identification of incentive gaps and realistic potential for CDR globally

    A Design Science Research Approach to Architecting and Developing Information Systems for Collaborative Manufacturing : A Case for Human-Robot Collaboration

    Get PDF
    Konseptointi- ja suunnitteluvaiheessa sekä valmistuksen, käytön ja kehitysprosessin aikana syntyy tietoa, jonka hyödyntämisessä on valtavaa potentiaalia liike-elämän ja tuotantoprosessien muuttamiseen. Neljännen teollisen vallankumouksen ytimessä oleva digitaalinen muutos tunnistaa tämän painottaen erityisesti tämän tiedon yhdistämistä toimintojen ja järjestelmien tukemiseksi läpi tuotteen elinkaareen, mitä kutsutaan digitaaliseksi säikeen kehykseksi (digital thread framework). Tämän väitöskirjan tavoitteena on kehittää ja käyttää yhtä tällaista viitekehystä ihmisen ja robotin yhteistoiminnan asiayhteydessä. Tämä kehys pyrkii vastaamaan merkittävään ongelmaan, joka liittyy mukautuvuuden ja joustavuuden abstrakteihin ominaisuuksiin. Nykyiset ihmisen ja robotin yhteistyöjärjestelmät (human-robot collaboration (HRC)) on rakennettu pääasiassa pysyviksi järjestelmiksi, jotka sivuuttavat ihmisten intuitiivisen toiminnan asettamalla heidän roolinsa yhteistyötehtävissä etukäteen määritellyiksi. Lisäksi järjestelmien kyky vaihtaa tuotteesta toiseen on rajoittunutta. Tämä on erityisen ongelmallista nykyisellä laajan tuotevalikoiman aikakaudella, joka johtuu asiakkaiden räätälöidyistä vaatimuksista. Tähän taustaan vastaten, tämä väitöskirja käyttää design science research methodology -menetelmää suunnitellakseen, kehittääkseen ja ottaakseen käyttöön kolme pääasiallista artefaktia ihmisen ja robotin yhteistyösolussa laboratorioympäristössä. Ensimmäinen on digitaalisen säikeen kehys (digital thread framework), joka integroi tuotesuunnitteluympäristön toimijaksi monitoimijajärjestelmään käyttäen uusimpia tietoon perustuvia suunnittelujärjestelmiä, mikä tarjoaa prosessin toimijoille pääsyn tuotesuunnittelumalleihin reaaliajassa. Toinen on lisätyn todellisuuden malli, joka tarjoaa rajapinnan kokoonpanotehtävässä yhteistyöhön osallistuvan ihmisoperaattorin ja edellä mainitun kehyksen välille. Kolmas on tukitietomalli, jota yhteistyötä tekevät toimijat käyttävät tietopohjanaan täyttääkseen yhteistyössä tapahtuvan kokoonpanon tavoitteet mukautuvasti. Näitä kehitettyjä artefakteja käytettiin kokonaisuutena tapaustutkimuksissa, jotka liittyivät aidon dieselmoottorin kokoonpanoon, ja joissa todennettiin niiden hyödyllisyys ja että ne lisäävät joustavuutta, jota varten kehys (framework) suunniteltiin. Rajauslaatikoiden näyttäminen skaalautuvana informaationa, joka hahmottaa alikokoonpanon osien geometriaa, demostroi kehitettyjen artefaktien käytettävyyttä yhteistyötä tekevien toimijoiden aikomuksia heijastavien laajennetun todellisuuden projektioiden tuottamiseksi. Yhteenvetona tämän väitöskirjan tuloksena syntyi lähestymistapa älykkään ja mukautuvan robotiikan toteuttamiseksi hyödyntäen tietovirtoja ja mallinnusta ihmisen ja robotin yhteistoiminnan kontekstissa. Teollisuuden raportoima älykkäästi mukautuvien HRC-järjestelmien puute taas toimi osaltaan motivaationa tähän väitöskirjassa tehtyyn työhön. Kun tulevaisuuden tuotteet ja tuotantojärjestelmät muuttuvat monimutkaisemmiksi, tietojärjestelmiltä odotetaan suurempaa vastuuta korvaamaan ihmisen työmuistin luontaiset rajat ja mahdollistamaan siirtyminen kohti ihmiskeskeistä valmistusta, joihin viitataan termeillä Operator 4.0 ja Industry 5.0. Näin ollen on odotettavissa, että tietojärjestelmien tutkimus, kuten tämä väitöskirja, voi auttaa ottamaan merkittäviä askeleita tähän suuntaan.Information generated from the conceptualization, design, manufacturing, and use of a product has immense potential in transforming both the business and manufacturing processes of the manufacturing enterprise. The digital transformation at the heart of the fourth industrial revolution has acknowledged this with a special emphasis on weaving a thread of this information to support functions and systems throughout the life cycle of the product with what is known as a digital thread framework. This dissertation aims to develop and use one such framework in the context of human-robot collaborative assembly. The overarching problem that the framework aims to solve can be attributed to the abstract qualities of adaptability and flexibility. The human-robot collaboration (HRC) systems of today are built predominantly as static systems and ignore the intuitive role of humans by having their roles in collaborative tasks pre-defined. Furthermore, their ability to switch between products during product changeovers is also limited. This is especially problematic in the current era of product variety, stemming from the customised requirements of customers. To this end, this dissertation employs the design science research methodology to design, develop, and deploy predominantly three artefacts in a human-robot work cell in a laboratory setting. The first is the digital thread framework that integrates the product design environment using state-of-the-art knowledge-based engineering systems, as an agent of a multi-agent system, which provide the collaborative human-robot agents with access to product design models at run time. The second is a constituent mixed-reality model that provides an interface for the foregoing framework for the human operator engaged in collaborative assembly. The third is a supporting information model that the agents use as their knowledge base to fulfil adaptively the goals of collaborative assembly. Together, these developed artefacts were employed in case studies involving a real diesel engine assembly during which they were observed to provide utility and support the cause of adaptability for which the framework was designed. The identification of bounding boxes as a scalable information construct, that approximates the part geometry of the sub-assembly components, demonstrates the utility of the developed artefacts for spatially augmenting them as projections as intentions of collaborating agents. In summary, this dissertation contributes with an approach towards realising intelligent and adaptive robotics within the realms of information flows and modelling in the context of human-robot collaboration. The lack of intelligently adaptable HRC systems reported by the industry in part motivated the work undertaken in this dissertation. As future products and production systems become more complex, information systems are expected to assume greater responsibility to compensate for the inherent limits of the human working memory and enable transition towards a human-centred manufacturing, the current likes of which are labelled as Operator 4.0 and Industry 5.0. Thus, the expectation is that information systems research, such as this dissertation, can help take significant strides forward in this direction
    corecore