1,960 research outputs found

    Highly intensive data dissemination in complex networks

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    This paper presents a study on data dissemination in unstructured Peer-to-Peer (P2P) network overlays. The absence of a structure in unstructured overlays eases the network management, at the cost of non-optimal mechanisms to spread messages in the network. Thus, dissemination schemes must be employed that allow covering a large portion of the network with a high probability (e.g.~gossip based approaches). We identify principal metrics, provide a theoretical model and perform the assessment evaluation using a high performance simulator that is based on a parallel and distributed architecture. A main point of this study is that our simulation model considers implementation technical details, such as the use of caching and Time To Live (TTL) in message dissemination, that are usually neglected in simulations, due to the additional overhead they cause. Outcomes confirm that these technical details have an important influence on the performance of dissemination schemes and that the studied schemes are quite effective to spread information in P2P overlay networks, whatever their topology. Moreover, the practical usage of such dissemination mechanisms requires a fine tuning of many parameters, the choice between different network topologies and the assessment of behaviors such as free riding. All this can be done only using efficient simulation tools to support both the network design phase and, in some cases, at runtime

    A framework for P2P application development

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    Although Peer-to-Peer (P2P) computing has become increasingly popular over recent years, there still exist only a very small number of application domains that have exploited it on a large scale. This can be attributed to a number of reasons including the rapid evolution of P2P technologies, coupled with their often-complex nature. This paper describes an implemented abstraction framework that seeks to aid developers in building P2P applications. A selection of example P2P applications that have been developed using this framework are also presented

    Cross-layer Peer-to-Peer Computing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

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    The future information society is expected to rely heavily on wireless technology. Mobile access to the Internet is steadily gaining ground, and could easily end up exceeding the number of connections from the fixed infrastructure. Picking just one example, ad hoc networking is a new paradigm of wireless communication for mobile devices. Initially, ad hoc networking targeted at military applications as well as stretching the access to the Internet beyond one wireless hop. As a matter of fact, it is now expected to be employed in a variety of civilian applications. For this reason, the issue of how to make these systems working efficiently keeps the ad hoc research community active on topics ranging from wireless technologies to networking and application systems. In contrast to traditional wire-line and wireless networks, ad hoc networks are expected to operate in an environment in which some or all the nodes are mobile, and might suddenly disappear from, or show up in, the network. The lack of any centralized point, leads to the necessity of distributing application services and responsibilities to all available nodes in the network, making the task of developing and deploying application a hard task, and highlighting the necessity of suitable middleware platforms. This thesis studies the properties and performance of peer-to-peer overlay management algorithms, employing them as communication layers in data sharing oriented middleware platforms. The work primarily develops from the observation that efficient overlays have to be aware of the physical network topology, in order to reduce (or avoid) negative impacts of application layer traffic on the network functioning. We argue that cross-layer cooperation between overlay management algorithms and the underlying layer-3 status and protocols, represents a viable alternative to engineer effective decentralized communication layers, or eventually re-engineer existing ones to foster the interconnection of ad hoc networks with Internet infrastructures. The presented approach is twofold. Firstly, we present an innovative network stack component that supports, at an OS level, the realization of cross-layer protocol interactions. Secondly, we exploit cross-layering to optimize overlay management algorithms in unstructured, structured, and publish/subscribe platforms

    The state of peer-to-peer network simulators

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    Networking research often relies on simulation in order to test and evaluate new ideas. An important requirement of this process is that results must be reproducible so that other researchers can replicate, validate and extend existing work. We look at the landscape of simulators for research in peer-to-peer (P2P) networks by conducting a survey of a combined total of over 280 papers from before and after 2007 (the year of the last survey in this area), and comment on the large quantity of research using bespoke, closed-source simulators. We propose a set of criteria that P2P simulators should meet, and poll the P2P research community for their agreement. We aim to drive the community towards performing their experiments on simulators that allow for others to validate their results

    Exploiting Geographical and Temporal Locality to Boost Search Efficiency in Peer-to-Peer Systems

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    As a hot research topic, many search algorithms have been presented and studied for unstructured peer-to-peer (P2P) systems during the past few years. Unfortunately, current approaches either cannot yield good lookup performance, or incur high search cost and system maintenance overhead. The poor search efficiency of these approaches may seriously limit the scalability of current unstructured P2P systems. In this paper, we propose to exploit two-dimensional locality to improve P2P system search efficiency. We present a locality-aware P2P system architecture called Foreseer, which explicitly exploits geographical locality and temporal locality by constructing a neighbor overlay and a friend overlay, respectively. Each peer in Foreseer maintains a small number of neighbors and friends along with their content filters used as distributed indices. By combining the advantages of distributed indices and the utilization of two-dimensional locality, our scheme significantly boosts P2P search efficiency while introducing only modest overhead. In addition, several alternative forwarding policies of Foreseer search algorithm are studied in depth on how to fully exploit the two-dimensional locality

    A Novel Locality Algorithm and Peer-to-Peer Communication Infrastructure for Optimizing Network Performance in Smart Microgrids

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    [EN] Peer-to-Peer (P2P) overlay communications networks have emerged as a new paradigm for implementing distributed services in microgrids due to their potential benefits: they are robust, scalable, fault-tolerant, and they can route messages even with a large number of nodes which are frequently entering or leaving from the network. However, current P2P systems have been mainly developed for file sharing or cycle sharing applications where the processes of searching and managing resources are not optimized. Locality algorithms have gained a lot of attention due to their potential to provide an optimized path to groups with similar interests for routing messages in order to get better network performance. This paper develops a fully functional decentralized communication architecture with a new P2P locality algorithm and a specific protocol for monitoring and control of microgrids. Experimental results show that the proposed locality algorithm reduces the number of lookup messages and the lookup delay time. Moreover, the proposed communication architecture heavily depends of the lookup used algorithm as well as the placement of the communication layers within the architecture. Experimental results will show that the proposed techniques meet the network requirements of smart microgrids even with a large number of nodes on stream.This work is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) under Grant ENE2015-64087-C2-2R. This work is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under BES-2013-064539.Marzal-Romeu, S.; GonzĂĄlez-Medina, R.; Salas-Puente, RA.; Figueres AmorĂłs, E.; GarcerĂĄ, G. (2017). A Novel Locality Algorithm and Peer-to-Peer Communication Infrastructure for Optimizing Network Performance in Smart Microgrids. Energies. 10(9):1-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10091275S125109Khan, R. H., & Khan, J. Y. (2013). A comprehensive review of the application characteristics and traffic requirements of a smart grid communications network. Computer Networks, 57(3), 825-845. doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2012.11.002Dada, J. O. (2014). Towards understanding the benefits and challenges of Smart/Micro-Grid for electricity supply system in Nigeria. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 38, 1003-1014. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.077Lidula, N. W. A., & Rajapakse, A. D. (2011). Microgrids research: A review of experimental microgrids and test systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(1), 186-202. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2010.09.041Hussain, A., Arif, S. M., Aslam, M., & Shah, S. D. A. (2017). Optimal siting and sizing of tri-generation equipment for developing an autonomous community microgrid considering uncertainties. Sustainable Cities and Society, 32, 318-330. doi:10.1016/j.scs.2017.04.004Dehghanpour, K., Colson, C., & Nehrir, H. (2017). A Survey on Smart Agent-Based Microgrids for Resilient/Self-Healing Grids. Energies, 10(5), 620. doi:10.3390/en10050620Palizban, O., Kauhaniemi, K., & Guerrero, J. M. (2014). Microgrids in active network management – part II: System operation, power quality and protection. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 36, 440-451. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.04.048Shi, W., Li, N., Chu, C.-C., & Gadh, R. (2017). Real-Time Energy Management in Microgrids. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 8(1), 228-238. doi:10.1109/tsg.2015.2462294Deng, R., Yang, Z., Chow, M.-Y., & Chen, J. (2015). A Survey on Demand Response in Smart Grids: Mathematical Models and Approaches. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 11(3), 570-582. doi:10.1109/tii.2015.2414719Moazami Goodarzi, H., & Kazemi, M. (2017). A Novel Optimal Control Method for Islanded Microgrids Based on Droop Control Using the ICA-GA Algorithm. Energies, 10(4), 485. doi:10.3390/en10040485Erol-Kantarci, M., Kantarci, B., & Mouftah, H. (2011). Reliable overlay topology design for the smart microgrid network. IEEE Network, 25(5), 38-43. doi:10.1109/mnet.2011.6033034Hassan Youssef, K. (2016). Optimal management of unbalanced smart microgrids for scheduled and unscheduled multiple transitions between grid-connected and islanded modes. Electric Power Systems Research, 141, 104-113. doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2016.07.015Giotitsas, C., Pazaitis, A., & Kostakis, V. (2015). A peer-to-peer approach to energy production. Technology in Society, 42, 28-38. doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2015.02.002Kazmi, S. A. A., Shahzad, M. K., Khan, A. Z., & Shin, D. R. (2017). Smart Distribution Networks: A Review of Modern Distribution Concepts from a Planning Perspective. Energies, 10(4), 501. doi:10.3390/en10040501Werth, A., Andre, A., Kawamoto, D., Morita, T., Tajima, S., Tokoro, M., 
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Application of Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks to Achieve Intelligent Microgrids: A Promising Approach towards a Global Smart Grid Deployment. Applied Sciences, 6(3), 61. doi:10.3390/app6030061Luna, A. C., Diaz, N. L., Graells, M., Vasquez, J. C., & Guerrero, J. M. (2016). Cooperative energy management for a cluster of households prosumers. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 62(3), 235-242. doi:10.1109/tce.2016.7613189Gungor, V. C., Lu, B., & Hancke, G. P. (2010). Opportunities and Challenges of Wireless Sensor Networks in Smart Grid. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 57(10), 3557-3564. doi:10.1109/tie.2009.2039455Zhao, C., He, J., Cheng, P., & Chen, J. (2017). Consensus-Based Energy Management in Smart Grid With Transmission Losses and Directed Communication. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 8(5), 2049-2061. doi:10.1109/tsg.2015.2513772Lo, C.-H., & Ansari, N. (2013). Decentralized Controls and Communications for Autonomous Distribution Networks in Smart Grid. 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IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 22(1), 151-163. doi:10.1109/jsac.2003.818805Stoica, I., Morris, R., Karger, D., Kaashoek, M. F., & Balakrishnan, H. (2001). Chord. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 31(4), 149-160. doi:10.1145/964723.383071Rowstron, A., & Druschel, P. (2001). Pastry: Scalable, Decentralized Object Location, and Routing for Large-Scale Peer-to-Peer Systems. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 329-350. doi:10.1007/3-540-45518-3_18Yuh-Jzer Joung, Li-Wei Yang, & Chien-Tse Fang. (2007). Keyword search in DHT-based peer-to-peer networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 25(1), 46-61. doi:10.1109/jsac.2007.070106Stoica, I., Morris, R., Liben-Nowell, D., Karger, D. R., Kaashoek, M. F., Dabek, F., & Balakrishnan, H. (2003). Chord: a scalable peer-to-peer lookup protocol for internet applications. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 11(1), 17-32. doi:10.1109/tnet.2002.808407Gottron, C., König, A., & Steinmetz, R. (2010). 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    Optimising Structured P2P Networks for Complex Queries

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    With network enabled consumer devices becoming increasingly popular, the number of connected devices and available services is growing considerably - with the number of connected devices es- timated to surpass 15 billion devices by 2015. In this increasingly large and dynamic environment it is important that users have a comprehensive, yet efficient, mechanism to discover services. Many existing wide-area service discovery mechanisms are centralised and do not scale to large numbers of users. Additionally, centralised services suffer from issues such as a single point of failure, high maintenance costs, and difficulty of management. As such, this Thesis seeks a Peer to Peer (P2P) approach. Distributed Hash Tables (DHTs) are well known for their high scalability, financially low barrier of entry, and ability to self manage. They can be used to provide not just a platform on which peers can offer and consume services, but also as a means for users to discover such services. Traditionally DHTs provide a distributed key-value store, with no search functionality. In recent years many P2P systems have been proposed providing support for a sub-set of complex query types, such as keyword search, range queries, and semantic search. This Thesis presents a novel algorithm for performing any type of complex query, from keyword search, to complex regular expressions, to full-text search, over any structured P2P overlay. This is achieved by efficiently broadcasting the search query, allowing each peer to process the query locally, and then efficiently routing responses back to the originating peer. Through experimentation, this technique is shown to be successful when the network is stable, however performance degrades under high levels of network churn. To address the issue of network churn, this Thesis proposes a number of enhancements which can be made to existing P2P overlays in order to improve the performance of both the existing DHT and the proposed algorithm. Through two case studies these enhancements are shown to improve not only the performance of the proposed algorithm under churn, but also the performance of traditional lookup operations in these networks

    A framework for proving the self-organization of dynamic systems

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    This paper aims at providing a rigorous definition of self- organization, one of the most desired properties for dynamic systems (e.g., peer-to-peer systems, sensor networks, cooperative robotics, or ad-hoc networks). We characterize different classes of self-organization through liveness and safety properties that both capture information re- garding the system entropy. We illustrate these classes through study cases. The first ones are two representative P2P overlays (CAN and Pas- try) and the others are specific implementations of \Omega (the leader oracle) and one-shot query abstractions for dynamic settings. Our study aims at understanding the limits and respective power of existing self-organized protocols and lays the basis of designing robust algorithm for dynamic systems
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