Proteksi Probiotik pada Mukosa Ileum Mencit yang Terpajan Lipopolisakarida Escherichia Coli

Probiotic's protection in ileal mucosa of mice after lipopolysaccaride Escherichia coliBackground: Gastrointestinal infection is one of the major causes of morbidity in children. Diarrhea is the common manifestation. Diarrheal prevention needs a balance mucosal immune system. Probiotic used in prevention of gastrointestinal infection needs to be considered. The aim of the study is to prove probiotic protection in ileal mucosa after lipopolysaccaride (LPS) Escherichia coli O55:B5 inoculation anatomically and immunologically.Method: Experimental study with male Balb/c, age 10-12 weeks, body weight 30-40g and randomized into treatment group and placebo group. Treatment group received mix probiotic for 14 days and on day 15 were inoculated by LPS Escherichia coli O55:B5, and day 16-21 were given mix probiotic again. Placebo group received LPS Escherichia coli O55:B5 on day 15. Mice necropsy were conducted at day 22. Immunohistochemistry examination used to look for amount expression cell for IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-5,IL-6, IL-10 dan TGF-β in ileal mucosa. Scanning electron microscope was used to see ileal mucosal structure. Statistic analysis used in this study was multivariate analysis.Results: Sixteen Balb/c mices were randomized into 2 groups, each group consist 8 mices. There was significant difference on amount of cells expression IL-5 (p=0.022), IL-6 (p=0.05), and also on amount of cells expression TGF-β (p=0.036). On probiotic- LPS group, there was no Th1 domination but on the other hand, Treg became dominant. Th1 and Th2 response were still balance. Structural damages occurred in LPS group and did not occur in probiotic-LPS group.Conclusion: Probiotic protection in ileal Balb/c mice mucosa after LPS Escherichia coli O55:B5 inoculation is through anatomy and immunology changes

Enteroviruses as a possible cause of hypertension, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and hypertensive heart failure (HHF) in South western Nigeria

Background: Human enteroviruses have long been associated with various diseases of man resulting into a wide range of acute symptoms involving the cardiac and skeletal muscles, central nervous system, pancreas, skin and mucous membranes.Objective: To assess the role of enteroviruses in the etiology of hypertension, DCM and HHF.Methods: We obtained stool specimens from 70 subjects comprising 65 patients and 5 controls and isolation was carried out on RD, L20B, HEp-2C and Vero cell lines and identified by neutralization with standard antisera (RIVM). Thirty-six enteroviruses were isolated and identified to be Coxsackieviruses-B5, A9, Echoviruses 1, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 22, 30 and Poliovirus type 1 and 3.Results: Three most frequently occurring enterovirus serotypes which constitute 60.0% of the 30 NPEV typed and 50.0% of all the isolates were Echoviruses, Coxsackie-B5-virus and Coxsackievirus-A9. Echoviruses constituted 50.0% of all the serotypes while Coxsackieviruses-B5 and A9 accounts for the 27.8 % and 5.6% respectively. Enteroviral isolation rate was higher in age groups 51 years and above. The percentage of study subjects who had Coxsackie-B5-viruses and echoviruses was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in cases of hypertension, HHF and DCM than in control subjects. Coxackie-B5-virus, Echovirus-6 and Echovirus-11 were found in both study locations.Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that Enteroviruses may likely be involved in the etiology of hypertension, DCM and HHF. Further studies would therefore be necessary for the prevention and control of these diseases.Keywords: Etiology, coxsackieviruses, Echoviruses, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), Enteroviruses, hypertension, hypertensive heart failure (HHF)African Health Sciences 2013; 13(4): 1098 - 110

Ovulation induction in beef cows with different forages allowances during post partum

Este experimento teve por objetivo comparar a eficiência de um protocolo hormonal associado ao desmame por 96 horas com o desmame definitivo, em vacas em pastejo com diferentes ofertas forrageiras. Utilizaram-se 310 vacas (190 Aberdeen-Angus e 120 Charolês), entre 50 e 70 dias pós-parto, distribuídas em seis grupos. Os grupos A2, A5, B2 e B5 foram mantidos em maior (A2 e A5) e menor (B2 e B5) disponibilidade forrageira, no período parto-tratamento, e receberam (dia 0) 2mg (A2 e B2) e 5mg (A5 e B5) de benzoato de estradiol e dispositivo intravaginal com acetato de medroxiprogesterona (CIDR). Seis dias após, receberam 1.000 UI de gonadotrofina coriônica eqüina (eCG). No sétimo dia, foi retirado o CIDR e procedido ao desmame dos bezerros por 96 horas. Os grupos AD e BD foram constituídos por 52 e 48 vacas, permanecendo, respectivamente, em maior e menor disponibilidade forrageira, submetidas ao desmame definitivo dos bezerros (dia 7). Inseminaram-se as vacas que manifestaram estro entre os dias 7 e 17, sendo acasaladas, depois, até o 67ºdia. Nos dias 60 e 127 realizaram-se diagnósticos ultra-sonográficos de prenhez. Para análise dos dados, utilizou- se PROC CATMOD do pacote estatístico do SAS, não se verificando diferença (P>0,05) na prenhez entre os grupos com diferentes ofertas forrageiras. Uma nova análise das vacas, conforme seus ganhos de peso, indicou que o desmame definitivo proporciona melhor percentual de prenhez em relação ao modelo de tratamento hormonal utilizado. As vacas que perdem peso no período pós-parto respondem, ao desmame definitivo, mais lentamente do que as que ganham peso no mesmo período. __________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThis experiment compared the efficiency of combined hormonal treatment and 96-hour calf removal with weaning in cows fed different forages allowances and with different weight gains. A total of 310 cows (190 Aberdeen Angus and 120 Charolais), 50 to 70 days postpartum, were sorted into 6 groups. Groups A2, A5, B2 and B5 were composed of 53, 49, 53 and 55 cows, respectively; the first two groups had higher forage availability, while the others had lower forage availability, in the postpartum period; groups A2 and B2 received 2mg estradiol benzoate (day zero) and the groups A5 and B5 5mg estradiol benzoate as well as an intra-vaginal device (CIDR) with progesterone. Six days later they received 1000UI equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG). At day 7 the CIDR device was removed and the 96-hour calf removal period began. Groups AD and BD, with 52 and 48 cows and high and low forage availability respectively, in the postpartum period, were weaned on day 7. All cows that showed estrous were inseminated between day 7 and 17, and then were bred, up to day 67. Between days 60 and 127, ultrasounds diagnosis of pregnancy were performed. Data analysis was carried out using to the PROC CATMOD in the SAS statistical program. There were no significant differences in pregnancy (p>0.05) rates among groups submitted to different forage offers. Data was then analyzed according to whether the cow gamed or lost weight in the post partum period. These results indicate that weaning was more efficient than the hormonal treatment used and cows that lost weight in the have gained weight in the same period

Red meat, micronutrients and oral squamous cell carcinoma of Argentine adult patients.

Introduction: the identification of risk group of oral cancer allows reducing the typical morbidity and mortality rates of this pathology. Objetive: it was analyzed the role of red meat, macronutrients and micronutrients on Oral Squamous Cell carcinoma (OSCC) in a case–control study carried out in Cordoba, Argentina. Methods: case-control study 3:1, both genders, aged 24-80 years. Dietary information was collected using a quali-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The logistic regression was applied for assessing the association among case/control status and daily red meat/macronutrient/micronutrients/energy intake. Results: micronutrients and minerals in the diet that showed high significant median values of common consumption in cases relative to controls were iron, phosphorus, vitamins B1, B5, B6, E and K and selenium. The association measurement estimated by logistic regression was showed that a significant association between red meat, fat, daily energy, phosphorous, vitamin B5, vitamin E, and selenium intake and OSCC presence. Conclusions: a high intake of fats, phosphorus, vitamin B5, vitamin E, and selenium intake and red meat appears to be related to the presence OSCC in Cordoba, Argentina. In relation to red meat consumption and risk of OSCC, the future research should center of attention on reducing the complexity of diet and disease relationships and reducing variability in intake data by standardizing of criteria in order to implement simple strategies in public health for recognizing risk groups of OSCC.publishedVersio

Ligand-dependent reactivity of the CysB5[23] b sulfhydryl group of the major haemoglobin of chicken

Chicken haemoglobin contains eight reactive sulfhydryl groups per (tetramer) molecule, as determined by Boyer titration with p-chloromercury(II)benzoic acid. However, only four of these sulfhydryls are reactive towards 5,5@-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB). They are at the F9[93] and B5[23] positions of each of the two b subunits in the molecule. The time course of the DTNB reaction is biphasic. With oxyhaemoglobin, k the apparent second-order rate constant of the fast phase, increases app, monotonically with pH, the simple proÐle resembling the titration curve of a diprotic acid; the pH-dependence of k for the app slow phase is bowl-shaped. With carbonmonoxyhaemoglobin and aquomethaemoglobin, k for the fast phase is bowl-shaped app whilst k for the slow phase increases monotonically with pH. Quantitative analyses of the simple proÐles show that the app reactivity of the sulfhydryl group to which they may be attributed is subject to the inÑuence of two ionizable groups on the molecule, with mean pK values of 6.4^0.1 and ca. 8.4^0.3. These values are assigned to HisHC3[146]b and CysF9[93]b, a pKa respectively. Quantitative analyses of the bowl-shaped proÐles show that the reactivity of the sulfhydryl group to which they may be attributed is subject to the inÑuence of two ionizable groups on the protein, with mean pK of 6.85^0.05 and 8.3^0.2. as These values are assigned to HisG19[117]b and CysB5[23]b, respectively. It is highly signiÐcant that the CysB5[23]b sulfhydryl groups of carbonmonoxy- and aquomet-haemoglobin react ca. 100 times faster than that of oxyhaemoglobin. By contrast, the di†erence in the reactivities of the CysF9[93]b sulfhydryls of the three haemoglobin derivatives is no more than four-fold. This indicates that, in chicken haemoglobin, changes in the haem ligand give rise to structural changes in the neighbourhood of the CysB5[23]b sulfhydryl which are far more signiÐcant than those in the neighbourhood of the CysF9[93]b sulfhydryl

Local Type I Metrics with Holonomy in G2∗{\rm G}_{2}^*

By [arXiv:1604.00528], a list of possible holonomy algebras for pseudo-Riemannian manifolds with an indecomposable torsion free ${\rm G}_{2}^*$-structure is known. Here indecomposability means that the standard representation of the algebra on ${\mathbb R}^{4,3}$ does not leave invariant any proper non-degenerate subspace. The dimension of the socle of this representation is called the type of the Lie algebra. It is equal to one, two or three. In the present paper, we use Cartan's theory of exterior differential systems to show that all Lie algebras of Type I from the list in [arXiv:1604.00528] can indeed be realised as the holonomy of a local metric. All these Lie algebras are contained in the maximal parabolic subalgebra $\mathfrak p_1$ that stabilises one isotropic line of ${\mathbb R}^{4,3}$. In particular, we realise $\mathfrak p_1$ by a local metric

Local Type III metrics with holonomy in G2∗\mathrm{G}_2^*

Fino and Kath determined all possible holonomy groups of seven-dimensional pseu\-do-Rie\-man\-nian manifolds contained in the exceptional, non-compact, simple Lie group $\mathrm{G}_2^*$ via the corresponding Lie algebras. They are distinguished by the dimension of their maximal semi-simple subrepresentation on the tangent space, the socle. An algebra is called of Type I, II or III if the socle has dimension 1, 2 or 3 respectively. This article proves that each possible holonomy group of Type III can indeed be realized by a metric of signature $(4,3)$. For this purpose, metrics are explicitly constructed, using Cartan's methods of exterior differential systems, such that the holonomy of the manifold has the desired properties.Comment: 24 pages, 1 table, typos removed, 2 references added, 1 reference update

Primary implant stability in a bone model simulating clinical situations for the posterior maxilla: an in vitro study

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of anatomical conditions on primary stability in the models simulating posterior maxilla. Methods: Polyurethane blocks were designed to simulate monocortical (M) and bicortical (B) conditions. Each condition had four subgroups measuring 3 mm (M3, B3), 5 mm (M5, B5), 8 mm (M8, B8), and 12 mm (M12, B12) in residual bone height (RBH). After implant placement, the implant stability quotient (ISQ), Periotest value (PTV), insertion torque (IT), and reverse torque (RT) were measured. Two-factor ANOVA (two cortical conditionsxfour RBHs) and additional analyses for simple main effects were performed. Results: A significant interaction between cortical condition and RBH was demonstrated for all methods measuring stability with two-factor ANOVA. In the analyses for simple main effects, ISQ and PTV were statistically higher in the bicortical groups than the corresponding monocortical groups, respectively. In the monocortical group, ISQ and PTV showed a statistically significant rise with increasing RBH. Measurements of IT and RT showed a similar tendency, measuring highest in the M3 group, followed by the M8, the M5, and the M12 groups. In the bicortical group, all variables showed a similar tendency, with different degrees of rise and decline. The B8 group showed the highest values, followed by the B12, the B5, and the B3 groups. The highest coefficient was demonstrated between ISQ and PTV. Conclusions: Primary stability was enhanced by the presence of bicortex and increased RBH, which may be better demonstrated by ISQ and PTV than by IT and RT.This work was supported by a grant from Kyung Hee University in 2014 (KHU-20140681)