Absurdity and Metaphysical Rebellion in the Philosophies of Albert Camus and Omar Khayyam

The first time Omar Khayyam’s Rubaiyiat were brought to the Western world, it was through a translation from their original Persian to English by Edward Fitzgerald in 1859. Over the next century, Khayyam’s verses saw extraordinary popular success among intellectuals both in England and beyond. This paper, however, explores what these verses meant to Persians in Omar Khayyam’s context, long before the quatrains reached the West. Although whether the meaning of his poetry is esoteric or hedonistic in nature is debated, his quatrains express an existential longing and grieving that can be compared to parallel feelings described by Albert Camus in The Myth of Sisyphus and The Rebel. In this project, I explore the similarities in the notion of the absurd as defined by Albert Camus with the expressions of absurd experience in The Ruba\u27iyat of Omar Khayyam. Through this exploration of the absurdist experience across cultures and centuries, I propose Omar Khayyam\u27s Ruba\u27iyat as an example that the spirit of metaphysical rebellion can exist in a non-Western context, and that it existed nearly a millennium before Albert Camus developed it as an idea in the 20th century

Analysis of Stylistic Function of the Verb in Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam

The essential part and core of the predicate in Persian grammar is the verb, i.e. one of the pivots of stylistic analysis in the syntactic layer of language. This research analyses the role and stylistic function of verbs in Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam. The questions that are going to be answered in this essay are, firstly, what are the pivotal characteristics of the verb in Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam?, secondly, how is the frequency of the features of the verbs in Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam?, thirdly, how the important characteristics of the verb is united with the style and content of Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam? In the first place, in order to answer the research questions, the verbs in Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam were extracted inductively. Then, the pivotal characteristics of the verbs were described in terms of grammar. Finally, the link between verbs and speculative style of Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam was analyzed. The result of this study indicates that, in terms of time, the verbs in Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam are attached to the present time, and they are in line with Khayyam who gains ground. In terms of the verb moods, in the first place, indicative mood is mainly to express the certainty of the message of the Rubaiyat and secondly, the imperative mood is to invite the addressee to live blissfully. In terms of the subject, mostly third person is used to attract the addressee to see the reality of essence and the surrounding world and referral to the external world. Most of the verbs are transitive and the collocation of the sentence structural components aims at a clear-cut and direct representation of the sentence message

The Works of Omar Khayyam in the History of Mathematics

The exact time when the mathematician Omar Khayyam lived is not well-defined, but it is generally agreed upon that he lived from the end of the 11th century to the beginning of the 12th century C.E. in Nishapur, which is in modern-day Iran and Afghanistan (Struik, 1958). Other than mathematics, Omar Khayyam also made considerable contributions to other fields, such as astronomy, philosophy, and poetry (Struik, 1958). He is probably most famous for his poem titled Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, which was translated by Edward Fitzgerald (Struik, 1958). Although famous for his poetry, he was professionally inclined to astronomy and mathematics. In mathematics, he is well-known for being the first individual to find positive root solutions to multiple cubic equations, and he is also known for furthering understanding of the parallel axiom (Eves, 1958, p. 285; Struik, 1958). In this report, details of Omar Khayyam’s life will be mentioned, but the focus will be on his contributions to mathematics and his role in the history of mathematics

KHAYYAM STUDIES IN RUSSIA

The article discusses in detail the stages of formation and evolution of Khayyam studies in Russia and its important approaches. On the basis of real and concrete acts, it is proved that V. Jukovsky laid the foundations in the Russian-Khayyam oriental science by writing “Omar Khayyam and the “wandering”, rubaiyat”, raising the question of the method of selecting and highlighting the original Khayyam rubaiyat. Starting from the twenties of the last century, Khayyam studies gradually formed and developed, and the study of the issues of time, life and work of Khayyam was in the center of attention of Russian Howarists. His connection with the literary and cultural environment, his connection with politicians and writers has always been the subject of close attention of scientists. Features of the life time, literary environment and Khayyam's connection with political figures, including Nizamulmulk, Hasan Sabbah and some poets and historians, with an analysis of the works of A.Bolotnikov, A.E. Krumsky, S.B. Morochnik, B.A. Rosenfeld, R.M. Aliev M.N. Usmonov and others. With a comparative analysis in the article, the contribution of such scientists as B.A. Rosenfeld and A.P. Yushkevich is especially appreciated in the knowledge and evaluation of Khayyam’s scientific activities, his role in the development of the science of philosophy and the revival of the Galilean calendar.Keywords: Oriental studies, Khayya studies, Omar Khayyam, wandering Rubaiyat, time, life and creativity, philosophy, Sufism, norm, aljabr

Álgebra islâmica de al-Khwarizmi a Omar Khayyam

A álgebra das equações tem seus primórdios na ciência islâmica medieval. Este trabalho é um recorte de uma pesquisa doutoral mais ampla em desenvolvimento que envolve a análise do tratado algébrico de Omar Khayyam (1048-1131), cujo título é Al-Risala fi-l-barahin ‘ala masa’il al-jabr wa-l-muqabala (Tratado sobre demonstrações dos problemas da álgebra e almuqabala).  Ao se tratar de álgebra das equações, torna-se imprescindível citar o sábio al-Khwarizmi (780-850), que escreveu um tratado algébrico, conhecido até os dias de hoje como a Álgebra de al-Khwarizmi (780-850). O presente trabalho é sobre o desenvolvimento da álgebra islâmica de al-Khwarizmi a Omar Khayyam. O estudo tem como objetivo descrever o que foi elaborado e desenvolvido em álgebra islâmica de al- Khwarizmi a Omar Khayyam. Possibilitando um melhor entendimento do significado da álgebra de Khayyam, pois em seu tratado ele menciona alguns sábios que estudaram álgebra antes dele. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, a princípio na plataforma de periódicos da Capes e para complementar utilizamos a busca pelas biografias dos sábios para descrever a trajetória, na página eletrônica Mac Tutor. Apresentamos este percurso de desenvolvimento da álgebra, como resultado obtido, considerando que novos estudos podem ampliá-lo. Os estudiosos que encontramos foram: Al-Khwarizmi resolvendo equações lineares e quadráticas, apresentando a álgebra como uma prática para resolver problemas e nomeando a álgebra; al-Mahani que chegou em uma equação envolvendo cubos, quadrados e números; Abu Kamil que aplicou a álgebra no pentágono e no decágono regular; al-Karaji que aritmetizou a álgebra, primórdios para o modelo da álgebra moderna; e chegando a Omar Khayyam que desenvolveu por meio de intersecções de seções cônicas um método geométrico de resolver equações cúbicas.  Palavras-chave: Álgebra; Al-Khwarizmi; Desenvolvimento; Equações; Omar Khayyam

Rubaiyat EI-Khayyam zwischen den deutschen und den arabischen Übersetzungen

Rubaiyat EI-Khayyam between German and Arabic translations Al-Khayyam between the Arabic and German translations -This work deals with the Rubaiyat of Omar Al -Khayyam. -We will cover the life and work of Omar AlKhayyam in general, emphasizing his importance and influence on other poets. A general overview of the different translations is given. It is further examined to what extent the Arabic translations differ from the German translation and where there is a comparison. The question is also asked whether the difference involves social, political or other aspects. -Results

The Evolution of Home Economics at Iowa State VI. Disconnected Ramblings

Does anyone object to ramblin~, mentally I mean? I do hope none of you do as I feel a premonition beyond a doubt that this is one of my rambling afternoons. And, after all, it is quite refreshing and so restful not to think connectedly for once. And it is no evidence of poor mentality, believe me. Now there was Omar Khayyam-you -aren\u27t interested in Omar? Well then, there was the Old Main Air Line. Surely you don\u27t mean to say you\u27ve never heard of the Air Line!\u27 Well, well, and it such an institution too