Dichopetala And New Related North American Genera: A Study In Genitalic Similarity In Sympatry And Genitalic Differences In Allopatry (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae: Odonturini)

The genus Dichopetala Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 sensu Rehn and Hebard, 1914 is revised, with the description of 6 new genera and 14 new species...http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/122723/1/OLD_MP_203.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/122723/2/OLD_MP_203_sm.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/122723/3/Dichopetala Locality Database.xlshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/122723/4/Dichopetala Tables for Diagnosis.xlshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/122723/8/MP_203-REV2.pdfDescription of OLD_MP_203.pdf : OLD: MP 203 high res. [Superseded]Description of OLD_MP_203_sm.pdf : OLD: MP 203 lo res. [Superseded]Description of Dichopetala Locality Database.xls : DatasetDescription of Dichopetala Tables for Diagnosis.xls : Datase

Acoustic signal of Obolopteryx eurycerca Barrientos-Lozano y Rocha-Sánchez (Orthoptera: Tettigonidae: Phaneropterinae)

En Ensifera (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae), los machos producen señales acústicas mediante estridulación tegminal; estas señales funcionan en primera instancia para atraer hembras conespecíficas sexualmente receptivas. El estudio de la bioacústica es, además, una herramienta complementaria en estudios morfológicos tradicionales, ya que estas señales son especie-específicas y permiten diferenciar especies morfológicamente similares (crípticas). Las señales acústicas representan un sistema importante de comunicación intra e interespecífico. Los miembros de la familia Tettigoniidae se destacan por la producción de señales acústicas que frecuentemente son inaudibles al oído humano [frecuencia (f) > de 20 kHz]. México posee una amplia diversidad de insectos, sin embargo, pocos estudios se han enfocado al conocimiento del repertorio acústico de éstos. En este trabajo se describe por primera vez el canto ultrasónico de llamado de Obolopteryx eurycerca Barrientos-Lozano & Rocha-Sánchez, 2016. Ejemplares en estudio se recolectaron en el municipio de Hidalgo, Tamaulipas, México. La señal acústica de llamado de los machos consiste en la producción de equemas de tres sílabas, que se emiten en forma continua por periodos largos de tiempo (± 1h). Se compara la señal acústica de O. eurycerca con la de O. castanea (Rehn & Hebard, 1914) y se discuten las ventajas de la comunicación acústica ultrasónica en Ensifera.In Ensifera (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae), males produce acoustic signals through tegminal stridulation; these signals act primarily to attract sexually receptive conspecific females for mating. The study of bioacoustics is also a complementary tool in traditional morphological studies since these signals are species-specific and allow the differentiation of morphologically similar (cryptic) taxa. Acoustic signals represent an important intra and interspecific communication system. Members of the family Tettigoniidae are remarkable for producing acoustic signals that are frequently inaudible to the human ear [frequency (f) > 20 kHz]. Although Mexico is endowed with an extensive diversity of insects, few studies have focused on their acoustic repertoire. In this work, we describe for the first time, the ultrasonic acoustic calling signal of Obolopteryx eurycerca Barrientos-Lozano & Rocha-Sánchez, 2016. The specimens studied were collected in the municipality of Hidalgo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. The males’ calling signal is made up of echemes of three syllables, emitted in a continuous fashion for long periods of time (± 1h). The acoustic signal of O. eurycerca is compared with that of O. castanea (Rehn & Hebard, 1914) and the advantages of ultrasonic acoustic communication in Ensifera are discussed

Species History, Population Genetics, and Behavioral Reproductive Isolating Mechanisms of Two Chihuahuan Desert Katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)

Understanding the mechanisms and evolutionary processes that lead to reproductive isolation between populations is the major goal of speciation research. Here, I integrated approaches from phylogenetics, population genetics, and behavioral ecology to gain perspective on a behavioral isolating mechanism between two species of Chihuahuan desert katydids. Previously little was known about the genus Obolopteryx described over 100 years ago. In the first chapter I built the first molecular phylogeny from two mitochondrial DNA genes and compared my hypothesis to previous morphology-based hypotheses. In the second chapter I used Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLP) to compare total genetic similarity of allopatric and sympatric populations of the two focal species: O. oreoeca and O. brevihastata. I found substantial evidence that O. oreoeca was experiencing a gene-flow restriction between the allopatric population in the Chisos Mountains of the Big Bend National Park and the population in the Davis Mountains sympatric with O. brevihastata. I did not find equivalent support for differentiation between the two O. brevihastata populations. In the third chapter I explored the calling behavior of the males in both species, and the phonotactic responses of O. oreoeca females between allopatry and sympatry. I quantitatively described the calls of both species. I then tested whether various aspects of calls differed in allopatry and sympatry within each species. I tested for character displacement in call syllable durations of both species. I found that O. oreoeca populations showed no differences in most call features, but they did show character displacement in the syllable duration. Interestingly, while I failed to find character displacement in O. brevihastata's syllable duration, I found that other unexpected call features differ between their populations. Controlled experiments show that a high amplitude component of the male call is important for female O. oreoeca phonotaxis. Sympatric O. oreoeca females showed significantly decreased phonotactic responses to heterospecific calls compared to allopatric O. oreoeca females. This combined molecular and behavior data suggest a unique example of reinforcement in which females in a peripheral sky island population, sympatric with a non-sister species, have evolved strong heterospecific mating discrimination due to heterospecific competition for mates.Zoolog

Diversidad de Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera: Ensifera) en la Huasteca de Hidalgo, México

Four subfamilies, 17 genera and 22 species of Tettigoniidae are reported; of these, 11 are new records for the state of Hidalgo. The Shannon index showed that the study area presents a high and uniform diversity: Oak Forest (BE) H'= 2.78, Rain Forest (SM) H'= 2.23 and Mountain Cloud Forest (BMM) H'= 2.13. The subfamily Phaneropterinae showed the highest abundance (N) with 103 individuals, representing 53% of the total collected specimens (195). This subfamily also showed the highest richness (S) with 67% (14 taxa) of the total species (22) collected. The Sorensen index, modified by Bray Curtis showed that similarity in the faunal composition between the ecosystems is as follows: BE-SM (0.36), SM-BMM (0.49) and BMM-BE (0.33). The Morisita-Horn Index resulted in a similarity of 77% between BE-SM, 62% between SM-BMM and 76% between BE-BMM. Both, N and S showed a negative relationship in reference to the elevational gradient, which occurs in other insect groups.Se reportan cuatro subfamilias, 17 géneros y 22 especies de Tettigoniidae; de éstos, 11 son nuevos registros para el Estado de Hidalgo. El índice de Shannon mostró que el área de estudio presenta una diversidad elevada y uniforme: Bosque de Encino (BE) H´=2.78, Selva Media (SM) H´=2.23 y Bosque Mesófilo de Montaña (BMM) H´=2.13. La subfamilia Phaneropterinae mostró la mayor abundancia (N) con 103 individuos, que representan el 53% del total de ejemplares recolectados (195). Esta subfamilia mostró también la mayor riqueza (S) con 67% (14 taxa) del total de especies (22) recolectadas. El índice de Sorensen, modificado por Bray Curtis mostró que la similitud en la composición faunística entre los ecosistemas es la siguiente: BE-SM (0.36), SM-BMM (0.49) y BMM-BE (0.33). El Índice de Morisita-Horn dio como resultado una similitud de 77 % entre BE-SM, 62 % entre SM-BMM y 76 % entre BE-BMM. Tanto N como S mostraron una relación negativa en referencia al gradiente altitudinal, lo cual ocurre en otros grupos de insectos

Geographic variation in the calling songs and genetics of Bartram's round-winged katydid Amblycorypha bartrami (Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae) reveal new species

Previous work on Bartram's round-winged katydid, Amblycorypha bartrami Walker, found inconsistencies in song variation across the species' range. Individuals of purported populations of A. bartrami from sandhills across the southeastern US were collected, recorded, and their genes were sequenced to better understand their population structure and evolution. Significant differences in songs, morphology, and genetics were found among populations from Alabama (AL), Georgia (GA), North Carolina (NC), and South Carolina (SC), and they differed from those of individuals collected from the type locality in Florida (FL). Males from all populations produced songs composed of a series of similar syllables, but they differed in the rates at which syllables were produced as a function of temperature. At temperatures of 25°C, the calling songs of males from populations in northern AL and GA were found to have the highest syllable rates, those from SC had the lowest rates, and those from NC were found to produce songs with doublet syllables at rates that were intermediate between those of males from FL and those of AL and GA. These song differences formed the basis for cluster analyses and principal component analyses, which showed significant clustering and differences in song spectra and morphology among the song morphs. A Bayesian multi-locus, multi-species coalescent analysis found significant divergences from a panmictic population for the song morphs. Populations from GA and AL are closely related to those of A. bartrami in FL, whereas populations from NC and SC are closely related to each other and differ from the other three. Large river systems may have been important in isolating these populations of flightless katydids. Based on the results of our analyses of songs, morphology, and genetics, three new species of round-winged katydids from the southeastern coastal plain and piedmont are described

Molecular phylogenetics of Amblycorypha (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae): a molecular morphometric and molecular taxonomic approach

Genus Amblycorypha (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) is comprised of 14 nominal species exhibitinghighly similar morphologies. Three major morphologically similar species complexes exist in Amblycorypha – the uhleri, oblongifolia, and rotundifolia complexes. While each species ismorphological similar, the songs that males use to attract mates differ drastically among species. Recently collected male and female mating songs suggest multiple undescribed species exist within the rotundifoliacomplex. Using molecular techniques, I aim to delimit species groups within Amblycorypha and attempt to reconstruct their evolutionary histories. The ITS1 (~461 bp), 5.8S (174 bp), and ITS2 (240 bp) nuDNA regions and a partial CO1 (523 bp) mtDNA gene were sequenced using massively parallel sequencing technologies. The CO1 mtDNA region was the most variable (10.1% overall mean distance), followed by ITS2 (1.1% mean distance), ITS1 (0.9% mean distance), and 5.8S (0.02% mean distance). A single nucleotide polymorphism was present in 5.8S uniting the uhleri complex as a clade. K2P interspecificdifferences had large overlap in both nominal species groups and unknown species groups. ML and MSC phylogenetic analyses recovered the uhleri complex as monophyletic, while the oblongifolia and rotundifolia complexes were polyphyletic. Additionally, 6 distinct clades of ‘unknown specimens’ were recovered in ML and MSC analyses using all gene targets. Finally, A. bartrami may represent a species complex based on the molecular evidence presented here. This study represents the first molecularphylogeny for genus Amblycorypha. While incomplete, this study supports additional cryptic species within the rotundifolia complex that were initially detected based on male songs