Set-based Multiobjective Fitness Landscapes: A Preliminary Study

Fitness landscape analysis aims to understand the geometry of a given optimization problem in order to design more efficient search algorithms. However, there is a very little knowledge on the landscape of multiobjective problems. In this work, following a recent proposal by Zitzler et al. (2010), we consider multiobjective optimization as a set problem. Then, we give a general definition of set-based multiobjective fitness landscapes. An experimental set-based fitness landscape analysis is conducted on the multiobjective NK-landscapes with objective correlation. The aim is to adapt and to enhance the comprehensive design of set-based multiobjective search approaches, motivated by an a priori analysis of the corresponding set problem properties

Hubungan Status Gizi dan Kejadian Anemia dengan Kesegaran Jasmani pada Remaja Putri Kelas X dan XI di SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Surakarta

Introduction : Physical fitness is an indicator of health, which is important for the adolescents because it predicts health effects and is related to the increase of health level. Adolescent girls have lower physical fitness than boys. Furthemore, there are many determinants of physical fitness, including nutrition status and haemoglobin level. Objective : The purpose of this research was to assess the correlations between nutrition status, status of anemia and physical fitness in adolescent girls of class X and XI at Muhammadiyah High School 1 of Surakarta. Research Method : This research used observational with cross-sectional design. The respondens were choosen through simple random sampling from X and XI graders who fullfilled the inclusion criteria and there were 40 respondens in total. Nutrition status was obtained through Body Mass Indeks (BMI). The status of anemia was obtained using Cyanmethemoglobin method and physical fitness was obtained using Harvard Step Test method. Result : There was a correlation between nutrition status and physical fitness at Muhammadiyah High School 1 of Surakarta (p=0,040), and No correlation was found between the status of anemia and physical fitness in adolescent girls of Muhammadiyah High School 1 of Surakarta (p=0,505). Conclusion : There was a correlation between nutrition status and physical fitness but no correlation between status of anemia and physical fitness in adolescent girls at Muhammadiyah High School 1 of Surakarta

Estimating the feasibility of transition paths in extended finite state machines

There has been significant interest in automating testing on the basis of an extended finite state machine (EFSM) model of the required behaviour of the implementation under test (IUT). Many test criteria require that certain parts of the EFSM are executed. For example, we may want to execute every transition of the EFSM. In order to find a test suite (set of input sequences) that achieves this we might first derive a set of paths through the EFSM that satisfy the criterion using, for example, algorithms from graph theory. We then attempt to produce input sequences that trigger these paths. Unfortunately, however, the EFSM might have infeasible paths and the problem of determining whether a path is feasible is generally undecidable. This paper describes an approach in which a fitness function is used to estimate how easy it is to find an input sequence to trigger a given path through an EFSM. Such a fitness function could be used in a search-based approach in which we search for a path with good fitness that achieves a test objective, such as executing a particular transition, and then search for an input sequence that triggers the path. If this second search fails then we search for another path with good fitness and repeat the process. We give a computationally inexpensive approach (fitness function) that estimates the feasibility of a path. In order to evaluate this fitness function we compared the fitness of a path with the ease with which an input sequence can be produced using search to trigger the path and we used random sampling in order to estimate this. The empirical evidence suggests that a reasonably good correlation (0.72 and 0.62) exists between the fitness of a path, produced using the proposed fitness function, and an estimate of the ease with which we can randomly generate an input sequence to trigger the path

Measuring fitness of Kenyan children with polyparasitic infections using the 20-meter shuttle run test as a morbidity metric.

BACKGROUND: To date, there has been no standardized approach to the assessment of aerobic fitness among children who harbor parasites. In quantifying the disability associated with individual or multiple chronic infections, accurate measures of physical fitness are important metrics. This is because exercise intolerance, as seen with anemia and many other chronic disorders, reflects the body's inability to maintain adequate oxygen supply (VO(2) max) to the motor tissues, which is frequently linked to reduced quality-of-life in terms of physical and job performance. The objective of our study was to examine the associations between polyparasitism, anemia, and reduced fitness in a high risk Kenyan population using novel implementation of the 20-meter shuttle run test (20mSRT), a well-standardized, low-technology physical fitness test. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Four villages in coastal Kenya were surveyed during 2009-2010. Children 5-18 years were tested for infection with Schistosoma haematobium (Sh), malaria, filaria, and geohelminth infections by standard methods. After anthropometric and hemoglobin testing, fitness was assessed with the 20 mSRT. The 20 mSRT proved easy to perform, requiring only minimal staff training. Parasitology revealed high prevalence of single and multiple parasitic infections in all villages, with Sh being the most common (25-62%). Anemia prevalence was 45-58%. Using multiply-adjusted linear modeling that accounted for household clustering, decreased aerobic capacity was significantly associated with anemia, stunting, and wasting, with some gender differences. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The 20 mSRT, which has excellent correlation with VO(2), is a highly feasible fitness test for low-resource settings. Our results indicate impaired fitness is common in areas endemic for parasites, where, at least in part, low fitness scores are likely to result from anemia and stunting associated with chronic infection. The 20 mSRT should be used as a common metric to quantify physical fitness and compare sub-clinical disability across many different disorders and community settings

HUBUNGAN ANTARA TINGKAT ASUPAN ENERGI, PROTEIN DAN STATUS GIZI DENGAN KEBUGARAN JASMANI ANGGOTA EKSTRAKURIKULER OLAHRAGA

Background: Exercise is one of the physical activities done with the aim to achieve physical fitness. Fulfillment of energy intake, protein and nutritional status can improve one's physical fitness. Objective: To examine the relationship between the level of energy intake, protein and nutritional status with physical fitness of extracurricular sports members. Methods: This type of research is a quantitative observational study with cross-sectional design. This research was conducted in March 2018. The population of this research is the member of extracurricular sport of SMP Negeri 6 Yogyakarta. Determination of sample is random sampling with simple random sampling with total sample 37. Data collection through questionnaire filling, interview, nutritional status measurement and TKJI test using SQ-FFQ and TKJI form, bathroom scales and microtoise. Analysis technique using Spearman Rank. Result: The result showed that there was a correlation between energy intake level and physical fitness level (p = 0,003), there was no correlation between protein intake level and physical fitness level (p = 0,012) and there was relationship between nutritional status and physical fitness level (p = 0.008). Conclusion: There is a relationship between the level of energy intake with physical fitness level, there is no relationship between the level of protein intake with physical fitness levels and there is a relationship between nutritional status with the level of physical fitness. Keywords: Energy Intake, Protein Intake, Nutritional Status, Physical Fitness

Pareto Local Optima of Multiobjective NK-Landscapes with Correlated Objectives

International audienceIn this paper, we conduct a fitness landscape analysis for multiobjective combinatorial optimization, based on the local optima of multiobjective NK-landscapes with objective correlation. In single-objective optimization, it has become clear that local optima have a strong impact on the performance of metaheuristics. Here, we propose an extension to the multiobjective case, based on the Pareto dominance. We study the co-influence of the problem dimension, the degree of non-linearity, the number of objectives and the correlation degree between objective functions on the number of Pareto local optima

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL FITNESS AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF GOVERNMENT SCHOOL GIRLS

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a meaningful relationship between physical fitness and academic achievements of government school girls of Jaipur. Methods: The AAHPER (1976) Youth Physical Fitness Test (Standing Broad Jump and 50 yard Dash) was conducted on 300 school girls students ranging between 10 to 16 years girls in different schools from Government (N=300) area of Jaipur (Rajasthan). To compare the relationship between physical fitness and academic achievements of government school girls correlation was computed with the help of SPSS Software. The level of significance chosen was .05. Results: There were significant differences obtained between physical fitness and academic achievements government school girls. Researcher found the negative correlation between physical fitness and academic achievements

Influence of surgery and rehabilitation conditioning on psychophysiological fitness

The purpose of this study was to assess changes in psychophysiological fitness following reconstructive knee surgery and early phase (2.5 months) physical rehabilitation. Nine patients (7 male, 2 female; mean age, 29.9 years) electing to undergo anterior cruciate ligament reconstructive surgery (central third, bone-patella tendon-bone graft) were assessed on four separate assessment occasions post-surgery. Repeated measures ANOVAs showed significant condition (injured/non-injured leg) by test occasion (2 weeks pre-surgery and 6, 8 and 10 weeks post-surgery) interactions for knee ligamentous compliance (anterior tibiofemoral displacement), peak force and electromechanical delay associated with the knee flexors of the injured and noninjured legs (F3,24 = 4.7 to 6.6; p < 0.01), together with individualized emotional profile disturbance scores that were significantly less at 10 weeks post-surgery compared to pre-surgery, 6 weeks and 8 weeks post-surgery (F3,24 = 7.6; p < 0.01). Spearman rank correlation coefficients identified significant relationships between musculoskeletal fitness and emotional profile scores at pre-surgery (r = 0.69–0.72; p < 0.05) and at 8 weeks post-surgery (r = 0.70–0.73; p < 0.05). The 6 Bi-POMS subscales and the 12 ERAIQ responses found inconsistent patterns of response and relationships across the assessment occasions. Overall, the patterning of changes and associations amongst emotional performance profile discrepancy scores in conjunction with those scores from indices of musculoskeletal fitness performance capability offered important support for the efficacy of an approach which integrates self-perceptive and objective measurements of fitness capability during rehabilitation following surgery to a synovial joint

Physical Fitness Is Correlated with Quality of Life among Elderly Gymnastics Club from Haji General Hospital Surabaya, Indonesia

Background: Indonesia is the fourth most populated country, of whom 10.8% are elderly people. The quality of life (QOL), which includes physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and the environment, is crucial as physical fitness may reflect the ability to perform daily activities without significant fatigue. The objective of this study was to explore the correlation of physical fitness with the QOL among the elderly.Methods: This was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional approach, including members of the elderly gymnastics club of the Haji General Hospital Surabaya. The physical fitness value was measured based on VO2max using a 6-minute walk test (6MWT). The VO2max (0.03 x mileage(m) + 3.98 cc/kilogram body weight/minute) was categorized into poor, moderate, and good. The QOL was assessed with WHOQOL-100 and grouped into poor, moderate, and good QOL. Data were analyzed by the Spearman correlation test.Results: In total, 33 elderly were recruited, with an average age was 67.85±6.11 years (range 60–78), mean height was 1.49±0.09 m, mean weight was 57.65±10.53 kg, and mean BMI was 24.92±3.69. The mean VO2max was 16.96±2.37, and the QOL was 64.61±6.82 mL/kg/minute. The 6MWT resulted in the physical fitness of poor (15%; n=5), moderate (36%; n12), and good (48%; n16). The WHOQOL assessment showed moderate (30%; n=10) and good (61%; n=23) QOL. Spearman correlation test results showed a correlation between physical fitness and the QOL (coefficient 0.356 and p= 0.042).Conclusions: There is a correlation between physical fitness and QOL among the elderly, suggesting that increasing physical fitness among the elderly, adjusted to their physical health condition, is important to get a good quality of life