Advances in Multi-Sensor Data Fusion: Algorithms and Applications

With the development of satellite and remote sensing techniques, more and more image data from airborne/satellite sensors have become available. Multi-sensor image fusion seeks to combine information from different images to obtain more inferences than can be derived from a single sensor. In image-based application fields, image fusion has emerged as a promising research area since the end of the last century. The paper presents an overview of recent advances in multi-sensor satellite image fusion. Firstly, the most popular existing fusion algorithms are introduced, with emphasis on their recent improvements. Advances in main applications fields in remote sensing, including object identification, classification, change detection and maneuvering targets tracking, are described. Both advantages and limitations of those applications are then discussed. Recommendations are addressed, including: (1) Improvements of fusion algorithms; (2) Development of “algorithm fusion” methods; (3) Establishment of an automatic quality assessment scheme

Decision Trees on LIDAR to Classify Land Uses and Covers

The area of Huelva, in the South of Spain, is a well-known case of human pressure on the natural environment. In Huelva, National Parks, like Donana, and industrial and tourist zones coexist in difficult balance. The Regional Ministry of Andalusia is commissioned ˜ to assure the preservation of the natural resources in this part of Spain although its cost can be high in time and money. Remote sensing is a very suitable tool to carry out this task and automatic land use and cover detection can be a key factor to reduce costs. In addition, Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) has the advantage of being able to create elevation surfaces that are in 3D, while also having information on LIDAR intensity values. Many measures based on its intensity, density and its capacity for describing third dimension have been used previously with other purposes and outstanding results. In this paper, a new approach to identify land cover at high resolution is proposed selecting the most interesting attributes from a set of LIDAR measures. Our approach is based on data mining principles to take advantage on intelligent techniques (attribute selection and C4.5 algorithm decision tree) to classify quickly and efficiently without the need for manipulating multiespectral images. Seven types of land cover have been classified in a very interesting zone at the mouth of the River Tinto and Odiel with results of accuracy between 71% and 100%. An overall accuracy of 85% has been reached for a resolution of 4 m2

Marketplace Effectiveness in Increasing Sales Concentration of Small Business Products During the Covid19 Pandemic

Effort to spur the development and growth of small business actors or MSMEs, a certain method is needed to increase their sales. One of the efforts made is utilizing digital media which has been rapidly developing online by many business actors. The problem that arises is how to choose and determine the most effective media in order to increase marketing activities so that sales turnover can increase significantly. To answer these problems, this study intends to try to test in order to find and determine the best digital media (marketplace) for the marketing media of the business actor, so that the marketing activities of small business actors can run effectively. To prove the effectiveness of digital marketing media in the form of a marketplace, research subjects are needed, that is small business people who are directly involved with online marketing, interview approaches and their success rate in using the digital media (marketplace). Through this research, it is expected that small businesses can choose wisely and effectively the use of digital media (marketplace) in their marketing activities so that their sales turnover can increase. The study took the location or object of research in six districts in East Java that is Sidoarjo, Pasuruan, Mojokerto, Tuban, Lumajang, and Malang. Considering that consumer and social behavior of people in six districts differ from each other, of course, they must be measured and tested, is there a significant linear relationship in market use in an effort to increase marketing activities and sales of business actors. Based on the results of the Crosstabs test, the results show that there is a linear relationship between the existence of the marketplace and the efforts of small businesses to market and sell their products online in six sub-districts in East Java. Keywords Marketplace, small business actors, crosstabs test, pandemic, increasing sale

Urbanising Africa: the city centre revisited: Experiences with inner-city revitalisation from Johannesburg (South Africa), Mbabane (Swaziland), Lusaka (Zambia), Harare and Bulawayo (Zimbabwe)

Drawing on practical experiences of almost 15 years working within Gauteng Province and the City of Johannesburg my paper will focus on the location of poor communities within Johannesburg in relation to selected Inner-City areas and public transportation networks. The introduction notes the historical foundations and spatial legacies of the City (for example, the mining industry, pre and post apartheid doctrines and migration patterns). It acknowledges that these foundations, legacies and future characteristics City are shaped by diverse and complex rationalities that are frequently misunderstood or contradictory. As an example, the paper highlights contradictions and challenges resulting from the conventional, post-1994, housing supply rationale with the demands and needs of low income communities. A working definition of the “urban poor” within the City is proposed; the definition premised on Household Income and Unemployment Indicators. The paper considers the means and locations available to this group within and around Johannesburg focusing on Inner City buildings and informal settlements. The derived and relative benefits or challenges of these locations are also summarised. The spatial relationship between the urban poor, selected nodal areas and transportation networks has been analysed utilising GIS and supporting statistical information derived from contemporary data sources. Additionally, the paper highlights a number of the key development patterns and trends that are associated with the informal settlements and the interventions the City is considering implementing to address them. The findings illustrate the stark reality presented within Johannesburg; a reality that continues to afford a marginal existence to the majority of the Urban Poor. In recent years, the policy frameworks and institutional arrangements employed by the City of Johannesburg have been revisited with a view to addressing, more pro-actively, the accommodation needs urban poor and to augment Inner City regeneration initiatives. The paper concludes with an overview of this emerging policy and thinking, illustrating some contemporary successes and where further efforts and resources are required in the future