Teleprotection signalling over an IP/MPLS network

Protection of electricity networks have developed to incorporate communications, referred to as protection signalling. Due to the evolution of the electricity supply system, there are many developments pending within the scope of protection signalling and protection engineering in general. This project investigates the use of current and emerging communications technologies (i.e. packetised networks) being applied and incorporated into current protection signalling schemes and technologies. The purpose of the project is to provide a more cost-effective solution to protection schemes running obsolescent hardware. While the medium-term goal of the industry is to move entirely to IEC 61850 communications, legacy teleprotection relays using non-IP communications will still exist for many years to come. For companies to be ready for an IEC 61850 rollout a fully deployed IP/MPLS network will be necessary and it can be seen that various companies worldwide are readying themselves in this way. However, in the short-term for these companies, this means maintaining their existing TDM network (which runs current teleprotection schemes) and IP/MPLS network. This is a costly business outcome that can be minimised with the migration of services from and decommissioning of TDM networks. Network channel testing was the primary testing focus of the project. The testing proved that teleprotection traffic with correct QoS markings assured the system met latency and stability requirements. Furthermore, MPLS resiliency features (secondary LSPs & Fast-reroute) were tested and proved automatic path failover was possible under fault conditions at sub-30ms speeds

Studi Analisis Performansi Protokol Routing Is-is Dan Ospfv3 Pada Ipv6 Untuk Layanan Video Streaming

Perkembangan teknologi internet saat ini yang makin berkembang dengan pesat dari hari ke hari membuat layanan pada jaringan berbasis IP ini semakin diminati. Yang mengakibatkan menipisnya persediaan IPv4 sedangkan kebutuhan akan IP semakin bertambah. Maka dari itu, untuk memenuhi kebutuhan akan IP diciptakanlah IPv6. Dan sama seperti IPv4 untuk saling berkomunikasi di IPv6 dibutuhkan routing protocol. Ada beberapa routing protocol yang bisa digunakan pada IPv6. Beberapa diantaranya adalah Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS- IS) dan IPv6 Open Shortest Path First version 3 (OSPFv3). IS-IS merupakan routing protocol publik yang menggunakan algoritma link state begitu juga dengan IPv6 OSPFv3 routing protocol juga menerapkan algoritma link state. Untuk pengujian dilakukan dengan melakukan akses video streaming yang melewati protocol routing yang diterapkan. Penelitian dilakukan pada network simulator dengan menggambarkan topologi jaringan yang menggunakan IS-IS dan OSPFv3. Dalam hasil simulasi ditemukan bahwa kinerja OSPFv3 lebih baik daripada IS-IS dalam hal delay, packet loss, throughput dan jitter. Tetapi dalam hal routing update IPv6 IS-IS lebih baik dari OSPFv3

Resilient internetwork routing over heterogeneous mobile military networks

Mobile networks in the military tactical domain, include a range of radio networks with very diverse characteristics and which may be employed differently from operation to operation. When interconnecting networks with dissimilar characteristics (e.g. capacity, range, mobility) a difficult trade-off is to fully utilize the diverse network characteristics while minimizing the cost. To support the ever increasing requirements for future operations it is necessary to provide tools to quickly alter the rule-set during an ongoing operation, due to a change in operation and/or to support different needs. Our contribution is a routing protocol which targets these challenges. We propose an architecture to connect networks with different characteristics. One key point is that low capacity links/networks segments can be included in the heterogeneous network, these segments are protected from overload by controlling where and when signaling/data traffic is sent. The protocol supports traffic policing, including resource reservation. The other key point is the ability to quickly alter the network policy (rules-set) including QoS support during an operation or from operation to operation.author postprin

Implementation of Link Failover on Metronet Network PT. Telkom Indonesia (Persero) Based on Ipv4 and OSPF

Metro ethernet is a data communication network owned by PT. Telkom Indonesia (Persero) through distribution channels, one of which is Open Shortest Path First (OSPF). As technology develops, IPv4 is used as the core addressing protocol for every communicating network device and has the responsibility of finding the route taken by packets to reach their destination. The problem that occurs in the data communication network is the absence of stable connectivity when there are links between cities experiencing downtime, resulting in several link congestion on the data packet path. To overcome the above problems, this study analyzed IPv4-based metro ethernet networks through the OSPF routing protocol using Graphical Network Simulator-3 (GNS-3). This study implements a failover system as a backup link in the event of a Jakarta-Bogor downlink. Based on the simulation and test results, the failover link shows a success status and functions to minimize network connection breakdowns. This is because the use of OSPF routing isOSPF routing canen the main link is down, so the path will be diverted via the backup link. QoS measurements using a single link obtained an average throughput of 195 Kbps, while dual links obtained an average throughput of 258 Kbps. This is because the distance from the source to the destination router is passed by more single links than dual links. Overall, the measurement shows that having a backup link can increase the stability of the data communication network connection when it is down and tested according to ETSI standard

An Analysis of flow-based routing

Since their development in the early 1970\u27s, the underlying function of IP routers has not changed - they still support a best effort delivery method in order to pass frames from source to destination. With the advent of newer, bandwidth intensive Internet-based services and applications, such as video conferencing and telemedicine, many individuals wonder if the current approach to routing is the most practical. The Internet needs to provide quality of service ( QoS ) as predictably as conventional circuit switching networks. Although some QoS capabilities in an isolated environment have been demonstrated, providing end-to-end QoS at a large scale across the Internet remains an unsolved problem [1]. The alternative to the traditional method of IP routing is a concept known as flow-based routing, whereas traffic is sent across the network as part of a common flow, rather than individually inspecting each packet. As part of this thesis, the differences between flow-based routing and the current standard of IP routing will be investigated. There are many benefits to be had from routing based on flows, for both routers and applications. Some research has already been done on specific aspects of flow-based routing, but because the concept is so cutting-edge, resources are scarce. This study delves into the benefits and obstacles of flow-based routing, and analyzes characteristics such as practicality and security, along with the benefits of this model

Seedemu: The Seed Internet Emulator

I studied and experimented with the idea of building an emulator for the Internet. While there are various already available options for such a task, none of them takes the emulation of the entire Internet as an important feature in mind. Those emulators and simulators can handle small-scale networks pretty well, but lacks the ability to handle large-size networks, mainly due to: - Not being able to run many nodes, or requires very powerful hardware to do so,- Lacks convenient ways to build a large emulation, and - Lacks reusability: once something is built, it is very hard to re-use them in another emulation I explored, in the context of for-education Internet emulators, different ways to overcome the above limitations. I came up with a framework that enables one to create emulation using code. The framework provides basic components of the Internet. Some examples include routers, servers, networks, Internet exchanges, autonomous systems, and DNS infrastructure. Building emulation with code means it is easy to build emulation with complex topologies since one can make use of the common control structures like loops, subroutines, and functions. The framework exploits the idea of ``layers.\u27\u27 The idea of ``\emph{layers}\u27\u27 can be seen as an analogy of the idea of ``layers\u27\u27 in image processing software, in the sense that each layer contains parts of the image (in this case, part of the emulation), and need to be ``rendered\u27\u27 to obtain the resulting image. There are two types of layers, base layers and service layers. Base layers describe the ``base\u27\u27 of the topologies, like how routers, servers, and networks are connected, how autonomous systems are peered with each other; service layers describe the high-level services on the Internet. Examples of services layers are web servers, DNS servers, ethereum nodes, and botnet nodes. No layers are tied to any other layers, meaning each layer can be individually manipulated, exported, and re-used in another emulation. One can build an entire DNS infrastructure, complete with root DNS, TLD DNS, and deploy it on any base layer, even with vastly different underlying topologies. The result of the rendered layer is a set of data structures that represents the objects in a network emulation, like host, router, and networks. These representations can then be ``compiled\u27\u27 into something that one can execute using a compiler. The main target platform of the framework is Docker. The source of the SEEDEMU project is publicly available on Github: https://github.com/seed-labs/seed-emulator

A Survey of Satellite Communications System Vulnerabilities

The U.S. military’s increasing reliance on commercial and military communications satellites to enable widely-dispersed, mobile forces to communicate makes these space assets increasingly vulnerable to attack by adversaries. Attacks on these satellites could cause military communications to become unavailable at critical moments during a conflict. This research dissected a typical satellite communications system in order to provide an understanding of the possible attacker entry points into the system, to determine the vulnerabilities associated with each of these access points, and to analyze the possible impacts of these vulnerabilities to U.S. military operations. By understanding these vulnerabilities of U.S. communications satellite systems, methods can be developed to mitigate these threats and protect future systems. This research concluded that the satellite antenna is the most vulnerable component of the satellite communications system’s space segment. The antenna makes the satellite vulnerable to intentional attacks such as: RF jamming, spoofing, meaconing, and deliberate physical attack. The most vulnerable Earth segment component was found to be the Earth station network, which incorporates both Earth station and NOC vulnerabilities. Earth segment vulnerabilities include RF jamming, deliberate physical attack, and Internet connection vulnerabilities. The most vulnerable user segment components were found to be the SSPs and PoPs. SSPs are subject to the vulnerabilities of the services offered, the vulnerabilities of Internet connectivity, and the vulnerabilities associated with operating the VSAT central hub. PoPs are susceptible to the vulnerabilities of the PoP routers, the vulnerabilities of Internet and Intranet connectivity, and the vulnerabilities associated with cellular network access

Review and analysis of networking challenges in cloud computing

Cloud Computing offers virtualized computing, storage, and networking resources, over the Internet, to organizations and individual users in a completely dynamic way. These cloud resources are cheaper, easier to manage, and more elastic than sets of local, physical, ones. This encourages customers to outsource their applications and services to the cloud. The migration of both data and applications outside the administrative domain of customers into a shared environment imposes transversal, functional problems across distinct platforms and technologies. This article provides a contemporary discussion of the most relevant functional problems associated with the current evolution of Cloud Computing, mainly from the network perspective. The paper also gives a concise description of Cloud Computing concepts and technologies. It starts with a brief history about cloud computing, tracing its roots. Then, architectural models of cloud services are described, and the most relevant products for Cloud Computing are briefly discussed along with a comprehensive literature review. The paper highlights and analyzes the most pertinent and practical network issues of relevance to the provision of high-assurance cloud services through the Internet, including security. Finally, trends and future research directions are also presented

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF DIJKSTRA'S SHORTEST PATH ALGORITHM FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND LOGISTIC PLANNING

TransRoute: a web-based vehicle route planning application is proposed in this paper. This application leverages existing input-output (I/O) efficient implementations of shortest path algorithms (SPAs) to implement the proposed system that will fundamentally address the problems experienced in moving people, goods and services from one location to another. A number of SPAs are evaluated using landau notations. Main functionalities of the system will be implemented as a web-enabled geographic information system (GIS) application based on open-source technologies and object-oriented software development methodology using unified modeling language. Pilot implementation is done based on spatial data of three selected states in Nigeria, pulled from web-based mapping tools like Google Maps and Microsoft Bings respectively. In conclusion, the Dijkstra's algorithm implemented with double bucket dynamic data structure is selected for implementing the proposed route planning system, as past research efforts has proven that it is the fastest with run-time improvements from O(m + n/log C) to O(m) respectively. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i3.3