29 research outputs found

    Spatio-temporal metadata filtering and synchronising invideo surveillance

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    International audienceThis paper presents an ongoing work that aims at assisting videoprotection agents in the search for particular video scenes of interest in transit network. The video-protection agent inputs a query in the form of date, time, location and a visual description of the scene. The query processing starts by selecting a set of cameras likely to have filmed the scene followed by an analysis of the video content obtained from these cameras. The main contribution of this paper is the innovative framework that is composed of: (1) a spatiotemporal filtering method based on a spatio-temporal modeling of the transit network and associated cameras, and (2)a content-based retrieval based method on visual features. The presented filtering framework is to be tested on real data acquired within a French National project in partnership with the French Interior Ministry and the French National Police. The project aims at setting up public demonstrators that will be used by researchers and commercials from the video-protection community

    Advances in Public Transport Platform for the Development of Sustainability Cities

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    Modern societies demand high and varied mobility, which in turn requires a complex transport system adapted to social needs that guarantees the movement of people and goods in an economically efficient and safe way, but all are subject to a new environmental rationality and the new logic of the paradigm of sustainability. From this perspective, an efficient and flexible transport system that provides intelligent and sustainable mobility patterns is essential to our economy and our quality of life. The current transport system poses growing and significant challenges for the environment, human health, and sustainability, while current mobility schemes have focused much more on the private vehicle that has conditioned both the lifestyles of citizens and cities, as well as urban and territorial sustainability. Transport has a very considerable weight in the framework of sustainable development due to environmental pressures, associated social and economic effects, and interrelations with other sectors. The continuous growth that this sector has experienced over the last few years and its foreseeable increase, even considering the change in trends due to the current situation of generalized crisis, make the challenge of sustainable transport a strategic priority at local, national, European, and global levels. This Special Issue will pay attention to all those research approaches focused on the relationship between evolution in the area of transport with a high incidence in the environment from the perspective of efficiency

    A Survey of Smart Parking Solutions

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    International audienceConsidering the increase of urban population and traffic congestion, smart parking is always a strategic issue to work on, not only in the research field but also from economic interests. Thanks to information and communication technology evolution, drivers can more efficiently find satisfying parking spaces with smart parking services. The existing and ongoing works on smart parking are complicated and transdisciplinary. While deploying a smart parking system, cities, as well as urban engineers, need to spend a very long time to survey and inspect all the possibilities. Moreover, many varied works involve multiple disciplines, which are closely linked and inseparable. To give a clear overview, we introduce a smart parking ecosystem and propose a comprehensive and thoughtful classification by identifying their functionalities and problematic focuses. We go through the literature over the period of 2000-2016 on parking solutions as they were applied to smart parking development and evolution, and propose three macro-themes: information collection, system deployment, and service dissemination. In each macro-theme, we explain and synthesize the main methodologies used in the existing works and summarize their common goals and visions to solve current parking difficulties. Lastly, we give our engineering insights and show some challenges and open issues. Our survey gives an exhaustive study and a prospect in a multidisciplinary approach. Besides, the main findings of the current state-of-the-art throw out recommendations for future research on smart cities and the Internet architecture

    The Micro- and Macro-levels of Co-creation: How Transformations Change People's Preferences

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    Radical technologies can lead to extreme transformations of their users and even societies. Innovation researchers, archeologists, economic- and technological historians, and other scholars have studied past radical innovations to rationalize how these innovations emerged. This knowledge is indispensible for business and governmental decision makers. However, most research studies lack the human dimensions, such as "what did these innovative people think?" and "what were their personal motivations?". In many instances, we don't even know who the inventors were. In this article, we argue that a better understanding of personal transformations may lead to an increase of co-creation effectiveness and efficiency. First, this article will explore the nature of the personal transformations taking place among ordinary people as consumers and users of cultural institutions. Such institutions have been created to enable people to learn and grow individually and to create a sense of community and cohesion. Second, we discuss the co-creation aspects of personal transformation processes. This will be seen in two contexts: that of the individual who is transformed, and in terms of the different value contributions to a community of users

    Development and evaluation of smartphone-based ITS applications for vehicular networks

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    [ES] Una de las áreas de investigación que está recibiendo más atención recientemente es la de vehículos autónomos. Los investigadores están en este momento centrados en el tercer de los cinco niveles de autonomía, los cuales son: asistencia en la conducción, automatización parcial, automatización condicional, alta automatización y automatización completa. A pesar de los rápidos progresos que están habiendo en este campo, la adopción de estas soluciones llevará tiempo no sólo debido a cuestiones legales, sino también por el hecho de que los avances tecnológicos se enfrentan a un lento respaldo por parte de los fabricantes. Además, la baja tasa de renovación de vehículos de carretera, dificulta el despliegue de tecnologías innovadoras, como es el caso de la red vehicular. Ocho años después de la introducción de la norma 802.11p para la comunicación vehicular del Instituto de Ingenieros Eléctricos y Electrónicos (IIEE), los vehículos que se usan a diario todavía carecen de la capacidad de comunicarse entre sí. Este hecho impide el uso de las muchas aplicaciones de seguridad del Sistema de Inteligencia de Transporte (SIT) que aprovecha la red vehicular para el intercambio de datos. La forma obvia de manejar este problema es poner las tecnologías disponibles a la disposición de los usuarios comunes para desarrollar soluciones que se puedan implementar fácilmente y, además, económicas. Por esta razón, trasladamos nuestra atención a los dispositivos inteligentes, especialmente a los teléfonos inteligentes, los cuales han recorrido un largo camino desde la primera introducción de teléfonos móviles a finales del siglo XX. Hoy en día casi todos llevan uno en su bolsillo a donde sea que vayan, permitiéndoles no sólo hacer llamadas, sino también medir y controlar diferentes parámetros con la ayuda de los muchos sensores integrados que están disponibles para estos dispositivos compactos pero potentes. Nuestro objetivo es estudiar los efectos de la integración de los teléfonos inteligentes a la red vehicular para desarrollar aplicaciones de seguridad del SIT. La elección de los teléfonos inteligentes aquí no solo está justificada por su amplia disponibilidad y uso, sino también porque están evolucionando hacia terminales de alto rendimiento con microprocesadores de múltiples núcleos cargados dotados de un grupo suficientemente diverso de sensores. En esta tesis proponemos tres diferentes aplicaciones de seguridad SIT para teléfonos inteligentes, diseñados para aprovechar el entorno de red vehicular: una aplicación de generación de advertencia llamada Messiah que alerta a los conductores de la presencia de vehículos de emergencia en las cercanías; una aplicación de Advertencia de Colisión Frontal (ACF) que advierte a los conductores si no se mantiene la distancia de seguridad mínima entre el vehículo que va delante y el que lo sigue; y, por último, una aplicación que tiene como objetivo ayudar a los conductores con asistencia visual durante el adelantamiento, llamada EYES. Todas estas aplicaciones han sido desarrolladas para la plataforma Android, y dependen de la transmisión de datos entre vehículos. Dado que los vehículos que utilizamos día a día no admiten la posibilidad de comunicarse entre sí, también diseñamos GRCBox, que es una unidad integrada de bajo coste que permite la comunicación del Vehículo a Todo (V2X). A partir de nuestro estudio de aplicaciones para dispositivos móviles diseñados para redes vehiculares, descubrimos que el uso de teléfonos inteligentes proporciona una nueva dirección para la investigación relacionada con SIT y redes vehiculares al permitir la adopción rápida de las soluciones existentes, donde los usuarios pueden descargar y usar las aplicaciones con sólo un clic a un botón. Al mismo tiempo, la portabilidad y compacidad de los dispositivos los hace limitados en términos de velocidad, potencia de procesamiento y precisi[CA] Una de les àrees d'investigació que està rebent més atenció recentment és la de vehicles autònoms. Els investigadores estan en este moment centrats en el tercer dels cinc nivells d'autonomia, els quals són: assistència en la conducció, automatització parcial, automatització condicional, alta automatització i automatització completa. Malgrat els ràpids progressos que s'estan donant en este camp, l'adopció d'estes solucions portarà temps no sols degut a qüestions legals, sinó també pel fet que els avanços tecnològics s'enfronten a un lent recolzament per part dels fabricants. A més a més, la baixa taxa de renovació de vehicles de carretera, dificulta el desplegament de tecnologies innovadores com és el cas de la xarxa vehicular. Huit anys després de la introducció de la norma 802.11p per a la comunicació vehicular de l'Institut d'Enginyers Elèctrics i Electrònics (IEEE), els vehicles que s'utilitzen a diari encara manquen de la capacitat de comunicar-se entre sí. Este fet impedeix l'ús de les moltes aplicacions de seguretat del Sistema d'Intel·ligència de Transport (SIT) que aprofita la xarxa vehicular per a l'intercanvi de dades. La forma òbvia de tractar aquest problema és posar les tecnologies disponibles a la disposició dels usuaris comuns per a desenvolupar solucions que es puguen implementar fàcilment, còmodes d'adoptar i, a més a més, econòmiques. Per aquesta raó, traslladem la nostra atenció als dispositius intel·ligents, especialment als telèfons intel·ligents, els quals han recorregut un llarg camí des de la primera introducció de telèfons mòbils a finals del segle XX. Hui en dia quasi tots porten un en la butxaca on siga que vagen, permetent-los no sols fer cridades, sinó també mesurar i controlar diferents paràmetres amb l'ajuda dels molts sensors integrats que estan disponibles per a estos dispositius compactes però potents. El nostre objectiu és estudiar els efectes de la integració dels telèfons intel·ligents a la xarxa vehicular per a desenvolupar aplicacions de seguretat del SIT. L'elecció dels telèfons intel·ligents ací no està sols justificada per la seua àmplia disponibilitat i ús, sinó també perquè estan evolucionant cap a terminals d'alt rendiment amb microprocessadors de múltiples nuclis dotats amb un grup suficientment divers de sensors. En esta tesi proposem tres diferents aplicacions de seguretat SIT per a telèfons intel·ligents, dissenyats per a aprofitar l'entorn de xarxa vehicular: una aplicació de generació d'advertència anomenada Messiah que alerta els conductors de la presència de vehicles d'emergència en les proximitats; una aplicació Advertència de Col·lisió Frontal (ACF) que adverteix els conductors si no mantenen la distància de seguretat mínima entre el vehicle que va davant i el que el segueix; i, per últim, una aplicació que té com objectiu ajudar els conductors amb assistència visual durant l'avançament, anomenat EYES. Totes aquestes aplicacions han sigut desenvolupades per a la plataforma Android, i depenen de la transmissió de dades entre vehicles. Donat que els vehicles que utilitzem a diari no admeten la possibilitat de comunicar-se entre sí, també dissenyem GRCBox, que és una unitat integrada de baix cost que permet la comunicació de Vechicle a Tot (V2X). A partir del nostre estudi d'aplicacions per a dispositius mòbils dissenyats per a xarxes vehiculars, descobrim que l'ús de telèfons intel·ligents proporciona una nova direcció per a la investigació relacionada amb SIT i xarxes vehiculars al permetre l'adopció ràpida de les solucions existents, on els usuaris poden descarregar i utilitzar les aplicacions amb un sol clic a un botó. Però al mateix temps, la portabilitat i la compacitat dels dispositius els fa limitats en termes de velocitat, potència de processament i precisió del sensor integrat, cosa que afecta al rendiment de les aplicacions.[EN] One of the research areas that is receiving a lot of attention recently is autonomous vehicles. Researchers are currently focused on the third level of autonomy out of the five levels, which are: drive assistance, partial automation, conditional automation, high automation, and full automation. Even though rapid progress is being made in this field, the adoption of these solutions will take time not only due to legal issues, but also due to the fact that technological improvements face slow endorsement by manufacturers. Also, the slow renewal rate of vehicles on road hinders the deployment of novel technologies, as is the case of Vehicular Networks (VNs). Eight years after the introduction of the IEEE 802.11p standard for vehicular communication, vehicles used on a daily basis still lack the capability of communicating with one other. This fact impedes the use of the many ITS safety applications that take advantage of VNs for data exchange. The obvious way to handle this problem is to use the available technologies at the disposal of common users to develop solutions that are easily deployable, effortless to adopt, and moreover, cost effective. For this reason we shift our attention to smart devices, specially smartphones, which have come a long way since the first introduction of mobile phones in the late 20th century. Nowadays, nearly everyone carries one in their pocket anywhere they go, allowing them to not only make calls, but also to measure and monitor different parameters with the help of the many on-board sensors that are available to these compact yet powerful devices. Our objective is to study the effects of integrating smartphones to vehicular networks, to develop ITS safety applications. The choice of smartphones here is not only justified by their wide availability and use, but also because they are evolving towards high performance terminals with multi-core microprocessors packed with a sufficiently diverse group of sensors. In this thesis we propose three different ITS safety applications for smartphones, designed to take advantage of the vehicular network environment: a warning generation application called Messiah that alerts drivers of the presence of emergency vehicles in close proximity; a FCW application which warns drivers if a minimum safe distance is not maintained between the vehicle ahead and the one following it; and lastly an application that aims to aid drivers with visual assistance while overtaking, named EYES. All these applications have been developed for the Android platform, and are dependent on the data transmission among vehicles. Since vehicles we use on a day to day basis still do not accommodate the possibility to communicate with one another, we also designed the GRCBox, which is a low cost on-board unit that supports V2X communication. From our study of applications for mobile devices designed for VNs, we found that the use of smartphones provides a new direction to research related to ITS and VNs by allowing a quick adoption of the existing solutions, where users are able to download and use applications just by one click of a button. But at the same time, the portability and compactness of the devices makes them limited in terms of speed, processing power, and accuracy of the on-board sensor, thus affecting the performance of the applications. In our case, the simpler Messiah application performed very well, while the EYES application that is dependent on GPS data, and the FCW application which required heavy processing and use of the camera due to its dependence on plate recognition, were affected by the hardware limitations of the smartphones.Patra, S. (2019). Development and evaluation of smartphone-based ITS applications for vehicular networks [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/124058TESI

    Implementation of live HTTP Adaptive Video Streaming over Mininet

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    Η μετάδοση βίντεο εξελίσσεται σε μια διαδεδομένη τεχνολογία για τη μετάδοση δεδομένων μέσω του Διαδικτύου. Η τεχνολογία Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) επιτρέπει τη μετάδοση ροών δεδομένων σε ένα χρήστη με το μεγαλύτερο εφικτό ρυθμό δεδομένων κάτω από διαφορετικά εύρη ζώνης, κάτι ιδιαίτερα σημαντικό για τα ασύρματα δίκτυα. Σκοπός αυτής της διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η ανάλυση της τεχνολογίας DASH όσον αφορά την ζωντανή μετάδοση βίντεο, καθώς και την εξέταση της ποιότητας εμπειρίας σε SDN δίκτυα από την πλευρά του χρήστη. Γι’ αυτό τον σκοπό αναπτύχθηκε ένα εικονικό SDN δίκτυο στο περιβάλλον Mininet, ούτως ώστε να προσομοιωθεί η τεχνολογία DASH. Σε κάθε πείραμα, ένας server μετέδιδε ζωντανά ένα βίντεο σε έναν client, ενώ την ίδια στιγμή μεταβαλλόταν το throughput που απολάμβαναν και οι δύο, προσθέτοντας επιπλέον δικτυακή κίνηση στο δίκτυο. Ταυτόχρονα, η εφαρμογή Wireshark παρακολουθούσε τα πακέτα που μεταδίδονταν από τον server στον client, αποθηκεύοντας διάφορες παραμέτρους του δικτύου, βάση των οποίων υπολογίστηκε η ποιότητα εμπειρίας του χρήστη. Συγκεκριμένα, εξετάστηκε η επιρροή που είχε το μέγεθος της προστιθέμενης δικτυακής κίνησης στην ποιότητα του μεταδιδόμενου βίντεο κι ως αποτέλεσμα στην ποιότητα εμπειρίας του χρήστη. Συμπεράναμε ότι τα μεταδιδόμενα δεδομένα είναι εξολοκλήρου συνδεδεμένα με την δικτυακή κίνηση του δικτύου και μάλιστα πιο συγκεκριμένα, όσο μεγαλύτερη είναι η δικτυακή κίνηση, τόσο χειρότερη είναι η ποιότητα αναπαραγωγής του video. Παρόλα αυτά, παρατηρήσαμε ότι η ποιότητα του μεταδιδόμενου βίντεο δεν άλλαζε πάντα άμεσα, λόγω της ύπαρξης του buffer του βίντεο του τελικού χρήστη. Η δομή της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η εξής: Στο κεφάλαιο 1 παρουσιάζεται αναλυτικά η εξέλιξη των κινητών δικτύων από την πρώτη γενιά έως και την πέμπτη. Στη συνέχεια, στο κεφάλαιο 2 περιγράφεται αναλυτικά η τεχνολογία HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) ως προς την αρχιτεκτονική, τα πλεονεκτήματα και τα μειονεκτήματά της. Επίσης περιγράφεται η αρχιτεκτονική της τεχνολογίας DASH, η εφαρμογή της και τα επιπλέον πλεονεκτήματα που προσφέρει. Το κεφάλαιο 3 αφορά την έννοια της ποιότητας εμπειρίας του χρήστη, τον τρόπο υπολογισμού της μέσω μοντέλων υπολογισμού καθώς και την επιρροή που έχει στην τεχνολογία HTTP video streaming. Όλα τα απαραίτητα προγράμματα για την διεξαγωγή των πειραμάτων που παρουσιάζονται στην παρούσα εργασία, όπως και οι ρυθμίσεις αυτών μπορούν να βρεθούν στο κεφάλαιο 4. Το κεφάλαιο 5 αναλύει σε βάθος τις σχεδιαστικές προδιαγραφές των πειραμάτων, κατά την διάρκεια των οποίων παρατηρήθηκε μείωση της ποιότητας εμπειρίας του χρήστη, ενώ παρουσιάζει και τα αποτελέσματα που προέκυψαν. Τέλος, το κεφάλαιο 6 συνοψίζει τα συμπεράσματα της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας και αναφέρει επιγραμματικά ανοιχτά θέματα για μελλοντική έρευνα.Video streaming is growing into a well-known technology for media transmission over the Internet. Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) permits transmitting data streams to a user with the largest feasible bit rate in different bandwidth situations which is especially important for wireless networks. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze DASH technology as far as live video streaming is concerned, as well as to examine the Quality of Experience (QoE) on SDN networks, namely to understand the user’s perspective. Thus, in this thesis, a virtual SDN network was developed in the Mininet environment to simulate DASH technology. In each experiment, one server transmitted a video live to a client while the throughput was changing by adding extra traffic to the network. At the same time, the Wireshark application was monitoring the transmitted packets from the server to the client, storing various parameters related to the network, based on which the user’s QoE was calculated. Specifically, the impact of the added traffic on the quality of the broadcast video was examined, and as a result the impact in terms of QoE was measured. We concluded that the transmitted data is entirely connected with the existing traffic in the network and in particular the higher the traffic, the poorer the selected resolution. However, we observed that the resolution of the broadcast video would not always change immediately, as a result of the existence of the buffer at the video client. The structure of this thesis is the following: Chapter 1 provides a detailed overview of the mobile networks’ evolution from the first generation to the fifth one. Chapter 2 describes in detail the HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) technology in terms of its architecture, its advantages and disadvantages. It also describes the architecture of DASH technology, its implementation and the additional advantages it offers. Chapter 3 is about QoE, the way in which it is calculated through specific models, and its influence on HTTP video streaming technology. All the necessary programs in order to conduct the experiments presented in this thesis, as well as any necessary settings, can be found in Chapter 4. Chapter 5 provides an in-depth analysis of the design of the experiments, during which a decrease in the quality of the user’s experience was observed. It also presents the obtained results. Finally, Chapter 6 summarizes the conclusions of this thesis and discusses future work topics
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