22,836 research outputs found
The Restructuring of Industrial Relations in the United States
This paper discusses the extent to which a new industrial relations system including greater participation in decision making by workers and unions has diffused in the American economy. The paper uses the automobile as an illustrative case. The paper includes examination of the factors that have limited the diffusion of new industrial relations in the auto industry and elsewhere
Power in the Multinational Corporation in Industry Equilibrium
Recent theories of the multinational corporation introduce the property rights model of the firm and examine whether to integrate our outsource firm activities locally or to a foreign country. This paper focus instead on the internal organization of the multinational corporation by examining the power allocation between headquarters and subsidiaries. We provide a framework to analyse the interaction between the decision to serve the local market by exporting or FDI, market acces and the optimal mode of organization of the multinational corporation. We find that subsidiary managers are given most autonomy in their decision how to run the firm at intermediate levels of local competition. We then provide comparative statics for changes in fixed FDI entry costs and trade costs, information technology, the number of local competitors, and in the size of the local market.foreign direct investment; power allocation in the firm; international trade and the organization of production
Considerations in the Dairy Relocation Decision
Historically, U.S. dairymen have been thought to move to a new location to seek better economic opportunities or to leave an area that has become disadvantaged due to regulation or economics. Recently, there again have been major shifts in dairy production across the United States.Livestock Production/Industries,
Paper Session II-B - The U.S. Commercial Launch Services Industry and International Competition
This paper discusses the threat to our fledgling commercial ELV industry of current and anticipated foreign competition, which is generally subsidized by their governments. It considers actions that might be taken by U.S. industry members to improve their competitive position and steps that might be considered by the U.S. government to support this industry so important to the U.S. national strategic posture
Worker Participation in Management Decision Making
Draft Presented to International Evidence: Worker-Management Institutions and Economic Performance Conference, U.S. Commission on the Future of Worker-Management Relations Suggested Citation Shimada, H. (1994).Paper_Shimada_020694.pdf: 10729 downloads, before Oct. 1, 2020
Optimizing campaign sizing policies: an application to a real-life setting.
This paper presents an integrated production inventory model that enables to capture the tradeoffs between average inventory, production capacity and customer service level in a semiprocess industry setting. The model includes different features that are specific for such a setting, such as differences in reactor yield and quality requirements across products, the need for cleaning reactors when switching between product types, and the requirement to produce products in campaign sizes that are an integer multiple of the reactor’s batch size. The model can be used to support midterm planning procedures. In this paper, we illustrate the application of the model to real-life data of two product families at a large specialty chemicals company, which for reasons of confidentiality is further referred to as Company C.Queueing; Campaign sizing; (Semi)process industries;
The Response of Prices, Sales, and Output to Temporary Changes in Demand
We determine empirically how the Big Three automakers accommodate shocks to demand. They have the capability to change prices, alter labor inputs through temporary layoffs and overtime, or adjust inventories. These adjustments are interrelated, non-convex, and dynamic in nature. Combining weekly plant-level data on production schedules and output with monthly data on sales and transaction prices, we estimate a dynamic profit-maximization model of the firm. Using impulse response functions, we demonstrate that when an automaker is hit with a demand shock sales respond immediately, prices respond gradually, and production responds only after a delay. The size of the immediate sales response is linear in the size of the shock, but the delayed production response is non-convex in the size of the shock. For sufficiently large shocks the cumulative production response over the product cycle is an order of magnitude larger than the cumulative price response. We examine two recent demand shocks: the Ford Explorer/Firestone tire recall of 2000, and the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks
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