Los juegos de crianza y el holding corporal

El objetivo de este trabajo es destacar la importancia de las primeras interacciones madrebebé como elemento constitutivo del ser humano, subrayando la importancia de los primeros juegos que se desarrollan desde un estado de proximidad física y afectiva entre ambos y que han sido denominados «juegos de crianza» (Calmels, 2001). Estos están ligados a las actividades de cuidado del bebé (alimentación, aseo, etc.), que generan experiencias lúdicas impresas con las marcas de la cultura que quedan inscritas en un registro y memoria corporal. Rescatamos el lugar del juego como espacio intermedio, de creación, de transmisión de prácticas y códigos culturales de cada familia. Desde una mirada transcultural a través de la observación de la interacción madre-bebé podemos elaborar dispositivos terapéuticos. La consulta de una madre adolescente y su bebé, pertenecientes a una población de Argentina cuyos orígenes maternos se enlazan con un pueblo originario -los mbyá- nos permite integrar los aportes teórico-clínicos.L'objectiu d'aquest treball és destacar la importància de les primeres interaccions marenadó com a element constitutiu de l'ésser humà, subratllant la importància dels primers jocs que es desenvolupen des d'un estat de proximitat física i afectiva entre ambdós i que han estat denominats «jocs de criança». Aquests estan lligats a les activitats de cura del nadó (alimentació, higiene, etc.), que generen experiències lúdiques impreses amb les marques de la cultura que queden inscrites en un registre i una memòria corporal. Rescatem el lloc del joc com a espai intermedi, de creació, de transmissió de pràctiques i codis culturals de cada família. Des d'una mirada transcultural a través de l'observació de la interacció marenadó podem elaborar dispositius terapèutics. La consulta d'una mare adolescent i el seu nadó, pertanyents a una població de l'Argentina els orígens materns de la qual s'enllacen amb un poble originari -els mbyá-, ens permeten integrar les aportacions teòrico-clíniques The aim of this study is to highlight the importance of the first mother-baby reactions as a constituent element of the human being, underlying the importance of the first games that are developed from a state of physical and affective proximity between both and that have been called «nurturing games». This are associated to baby care activities (feeding, hygiene, etc.) and generate play experiences that carry the marks of culture and are inscribed in a corporal register and memory. We rescue the place of play as an intermediate space, for creation, for transmission of practices and for the cultural codes of each family. From a trans-cultural viewpoint through the observation of mother-baby interaction, we are able to produce therapeutic devices. Consultation with an adolescent mother and her baby belonging to a town in Argentina, the maternal origins of which are associated to an indigenous people, the mbyá, enables us to integrate theoretical-clinical contributions.The aim of this study is to highlight the importance of the first mother-baby reactions as a constituent element of the human being, underlying the importance of the first games that are developed from a state of physical and affective proximity between both and that have been called «nurturing games». This are associated to baby care activities (feeding, hygiene, etc.) and generate play experiences that carry the marks of culture and are inscribed in a corporal register and memory. We rescue the place of play as an intermediate space, for creation, for transmission of practices and for the cultural codes of each family. From a trans-cultural viewpoint through the observation of mother-baby interaction, we are able to produce therapeutic devices. Consultation with an adolescent mother and her baby belonging to a town in Argentina, the maternal origins of which are associated to an indigenous people, the mbyá, enables us to integrate theoretical-clinical contributions

How the News Frames Child Maltreatment: Unintended Consequences

While advocates are usually gratified to see attention paid to their issue in the news, the coverage can often be a mixed blessing, as research by the FrameWorks Institute and others has shown. It is the way that stories are told in the news that affects public thinking, and many of these stories do not guide thinking in constructive directions. A story that seems to convey important information may also have unintended, damaging consequences for public understanding and engagement. This document summarizes some of the major patterns in news coverage of child maltreatment -- the key narratives, frames and causal stories that are conveyed to the public on the issue. The material for the analysis includes a collection of roughly 120 news articles collected by Prevent Child Abuse America and Cultural Logic. Additionally, the review included a collection of several dozen TV news stories assembled by the Center for Communications and Community at UCLA. The premise behind this study is that once advocates have a better idea about the way their issue is portrayed in the media, they can be strategic about choosing which narratives to reinforce, which to challenge, and which to downplay. A close examination of news coverage also gives advocates a window into what they are up against as they try to increase public engagement. This research analysis is part of New FrameWorks Research on Child Abuse and Neglect Prevention, and was conducted in collaboration with the FrameWorks Institute, and commissioned by Prevent Child Abuse America, with funding from the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation. Please visit our website for more information

When Crayons Meet Tibetan Living Room Walls: Early Childhood in Exile

This study aims to understand early childhood caregiving among Tibetan refugees living in Nepal. Due to the brain’s enormous developmental plasticity from ages zero to three, children’s experiences during this period are extremely important to explaining their future learnings in school, interactions with people, and engagements with their surroundings. Through interviews and observations, Tibetan parents shared their conceptions of early childhood, parent-child interaction norms, dreams for their children, and how their status as refugees in Nepal affects these. Research was conducted in two Pokhara district Tibetan settlements and one settlement in Mustang. Connected by the flow of children and adults for purposes of school and work, and under the guise of limited refugee status, conducting research in these places allowed for exploration of the ways that geographical and political contexts influence parents and children\u27s experiences of early childhood parenting. The results indicated that investments in policy level improvements, and in boosting caregiver capacities to stimulate their child’s early learning would be beneficial to meeting caregivers goals for their children’s futures

A psycho-educational programme for abused and neglected children

M.A.Statistics show an increase in the number of cases of abused and neglected children handled by the Child Protection Unit. These particular statistics indicate only the number of reported cases, which according to Lewis (1999) and Starke (1995) should be tripled to estimate the true number of children being abused every day. Action research was selected for this study to assist the parents and the children in extending their understanding of their situation and thus resolve problems that confront them. A high percentage of parents are aware that abuse and neglect exists in their relationships; they are also aware that behavioural problems may be exhibited by their children as a result of exposure to abuse and neglect. There is a growing need for counselling, guidance and support amongst the youth to be assertive, and be safe in their contexts. The psycho-education programme was based on the model of psychoeducation. Psycho-education as an alternative does not focus on sick or abnormal behaviour but rather has as its core a preventative focus-training in skills to solve problems now and in the future. During group work the children were trained to collectively experience, explore and communicate their feelings, and to learn alternative ways of dealing with abuse and neglect in their different contexts. The programme's effectiveness was evaluated. All the children acquired prevention concepts after the exposure to the programme. Fifty six percent of the parents observed some improvement in their children's behaviour, and eighty percent of the children reported that they were still afraid to talk to their parents about issues of discipline, for example corporal punishment

An exploratory study on the factors influencing the parenting style choices of parents/caregivers enrolled in a parenting programme in Delf

This research study sought to identify the parenting styles employed by parents/caregivers enrolled in a parenting programme conducted by a non-profit organisation named Sakha Isizwe Development Organisation in the Delft community, as well as the various factors that influenced their parenting styles. Additionally, the study sought to gauge the effectiveness of Sakha Isizwe Development Organisation's parenting programme which was achieved in the form of a minor programme evaluation. This research study employed a qualitative research methodology and made use of semi-structured interviews to elicit the data required to fulfil the desired objectives. The study population comprised 82 parents/caregivers enrolled in Sakha Isizwe Development Organisation's Parenting Programme, and from there a sample of 20 female parents/caregivers were selected using simple random sampling. Additionally, the sample included a combination of biological parents and social parents/caregivers such as grandmothers and aunts. Research findings revealed that the vast majority of the parents/caregivers enrolled in Sakha Isizwe Development Organisation's parenting programme employed an authoritative approach to child rearing with the exception of one participant who displayed more authoritarian tendencies. These findings can be attributed to the participant's upbringing which was a key factor in influencing their parenting style, followed by child temperament. Additionally, the participants' reported that Sakha Isizwe Development Organisation's parenting programme positively influenced their parenting practices as they described an improvement in their relationships with their children. Moreover, the participants demonstrated a shift in their beliefs and practices surrounding parenting as they had discarded their former practices for more proactive practices, such as non-punitive discipline methods, recommended by Sakha Isizwe Development Organisation. Lastly, recommendations were provided to various stakeholders, including Sakha Isizwe Development Organisation, similar establishments conducting parenting programmes, and government. These recommendations include establishing interventions directed at facilitating family reconciliation, supporting parents of troubled adolescents, increasing efforts directed at recruiting more fathers into their parenting programmes, and addressing the absent father phenomenon plaguing low-income communities in South Africa

Mothering, substance use disorders and intergenerational trauma transmission : an attachment-based perspective

Background: A growing body of research underlines that interpersonal trauma in childhood leads to heightened susceptibility for substance use disorders (SUDs) in later life. Little research has been conducted on parenting experiences of mothers in recovery from substance use, taking into account their own upbringing as a child and the potential aftermath of interpersonal childhood trauma. Methods: Through in-depth qualitative interviews, 23 mothers with SUDs reflected on parenting experiences and parent-child bonding, related to both their children and parents. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and data were analyzed adopting thematic analysis. Results: Throughout the narratives, consequences of trauma on mothers' sense of self and its subsequent impact on parenting arose as salient themes. Five latent mechanisms of intergenerational trauma transmission were identified: 1) early interpersonal childhood trauma experiences in mothers; 2) trauma as a precursor of substance use; 3) substance use as a (self-fooling) enabler of parental functioning; 4) continued substance use impacting parental functioning; and 5) dysfunctional parental functioning and its relational impact upon offspring. Discussion: Findings suggest disruptive attachment can increase the vulnerability for SUDs on the one hand, but can be an expression of underlying trauma on the other, hence serving as a covert mechanism by which trauma can be transmitted across generations. Results indicate the need for preventive, attachment-based and trauma-sensitive interventions targeted at disruptive intergenerational patterns

Comparison Of The Acceptability Of Discipline Practices Between Chinese Medical Students And Residents And Us Medical Students

Identifying a global definition of child abuse is a challenge. Culture influences perception both about what constitutes appropriate disciplinary practice and about what action should be taken if an abused child is identified. We hypothesized that medical trainees in China would have significant differences in attitudes about childhood discipline when compared to medical trainees in the United States (US). In addition, because China lacks the structure of a child welfare system, we questioned what actions Chinese medical trainees would propose if they were to identify an abused child. We conducted a cross-sectional survey at Xiangya Medical School and Yale Medical School to compare the acceptability of 37 childhood discipline practices and to assess Xiangya student and resident opinions on reporting abuse. Ninety-four Chinese medical students, 154 Chinese residents, and 63 US medical students (97%, 77% and 64% of those invited, respectively) completed the questionnaire. Attitudes regarding 13 and 9 of the 37 discipline practices differed significantly between Yale and Xiangya students and Xiangya students and residents respectively. More Xiangya students found restrictive and verbal discipline practices unacceptable than Yale students, while more Yale students found corporal discipline practices unacceptable. Xiangya residents were more accepting of most discipline. Yale students were most likely to identify discipline practices as in need of intervention. Xiangya students and residents reported similar rates of experiencing corporal punishment in school (47.9% and 48.1% respectively, p=0.978) while Yale students reported a significantly lower rate (12.7%, p\u3c0.001). Xiangya students reported the highest rate of childhood physical abuse (48.9%) compared to Xiangya residents (29.9%, p=0.003) and to Yale students (6.3%, p\u3c0.001). Only 68.1% of Xiangya students and 75.2% of Xiangya residents (p=0.241) compared to 100% of Yale students felt that abuse is a problem in their respective countries (student comparison p\u3c0.001). More than 50% of Xiangya respondents indicated family, government, police, neighbors and health professionals as having responsibility to intervene/report abuse and the government, police and Women\u27s Federation as groups to whom abuse should be reported. Yale students, Xiangya students, and Xiangya residents differ significantly with respect to what they identify as acceptable discipline and what discipline practices they believe warrant intervention to protect a child. Despite significantly higher rates of personal experience with physical abuse and corporal punishment in school, Chinese trainees were less likely to recognize abuse as a problem in their country. Chinese trainees identified a diffuse group of those responsible for reporting child abuse and a similarly diffuse group of those to whom abuse should be reported. Continued research about the nature and extent of child abuse would improve understanding of the nature of the problem in China. Given the high reported rates of child abuse by individuals in China, both improved recognition of abuse as a national problem to be solved as well as development of a robust child welfare system are essential for the protection of Chinese children

Rediscovering the Garden in Kindergarten: Towards a Holistic Approach

Dress-up clothes, wooden blocks, and art easels are seemingly collecting dust in the back closets of many of today’s kindergarten classrooms. Where once creativity, imagination, and exploration were vividly expressed during times of free play, the youngest of students in many of today’s education system are trading in their toys for textbooks. This was not the vision of Friedrich Froebel (1782-1852), the German philosopher who provided the foundation and validity of play as a vehicle for learning within the establishment of the kindergarten movement. The 21st century kindergarten has evolved from nurturing the child’s sense of play towards a stronger focus upon learning outcomes. It is necessary for the Christian educator to examine this paradigm shift in the kindergarten movement with biblical discernment to develop a holistic balance that ensures that each of today’s youngest students are provided necessary and developmentally appropriate opportunities and skills to further their calling within His world