122,789 research outputs found
An Overview of Italian Gaming The State of the Industry
In recent years, the field of gambling in Italy has registered significant growth and Italians have demonstrated high propensity to play. The purpose of this article is to analyze the dynamics of such growth, in particular of the sectors that have developed more than others, and the effect of State policies and regulations on decisions taken by economic operators. From our research, it emerges that the gambling sector has been affected by a complex and contradictory State normative policy. Despite the fact that the Italian legal system allows only four casinos to operate, contradictory State polices throughout the years have determined a significant expansion of the offer of games but also resulted in a disparity of treatment of different sectors of the gaming industry
Normativity, Autonomy and Pluralism. Wittgenstein and the Pragmatic Turn in German Philosophy
Habermas and Apel share with the
wittgensteinian linguistic turn the main issue which is at
stake in the latter. That is: they rely on the linguisticalpragmatic
substitution of the traditional Cartesian (and
Kantian) subject of representation, thought as the nonempirical
and non-objective pre-condition of the possibility
of the objective world, with the function of linguistic and
communicative interaction as a means of subjective and
intersubjective world-disclosure (H. Sluga 1996;
Wittgenstein, Tlp, § 5.54- 5.55). The issue basically
concerns the way we think about language as a system
and a means of representation. What is here at stake is
actually the source of its normativity, and the way in which
this normativity can be rationally founded
Industrial Symbiotic Networks as Coordinated Games
We present an approach for implementing a specific form of collaborative
industrial practices-called Industrial Symbiotic Networks (ISNs)-as MC-Net
cooperative games and address the so called ISN implementation problem. This
is, the characteristics of ISNs may lead to inapplicability of fair and stable
benefit allocation methods even if the collaboration is a collectively desired
one. Inspired by realistic ISN scenarios and the literature on normative
multi-agent systems, we consider regulations and normative socioeconomic
policies as two elements that in combination with ISN games resolve the
situation and result in the concept of coordinated ISNs.Comment: 3 pages, Proc. of the 17th International Conference on Autonomous
Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS 2018
Political legitimacy and European monetary union: contracts, constitutionalism and the normative logic of two-level games
The crisis of the euro area has severely tested the political authority of the European Union (EU). The crisis raises questions of normative legitimacy both because the EU is a normative order and because the construction of economic and monetary union (EMU) rested upon a theory that stressed the normative value of the depoliticization of money. However, this theory neglected the normative logic of the two-level game implicit in EMU. It also neglected the need for an impartial and publically acceptable constitutional order to acknowledge reasonable disagreements. By contrast, we contend that any reconstruction of the EU's economic constitution has to pay attention to reconciling a European monetary order with the legitimacy of member state governance. The EU requires a two-level contract to meet this standard. Member states must treat each other as equals and be representative of and accountable to their citizens on an equitable basis. These criteria entail that the EU's political legitimacy requires a form of demoicracy that we call ‘republican intergovernmentalism’. Only rules that could be acceptable as the product of a political constitution among the peoples of Europe can ultimately meet the required standards of political legitimacy. Such a political constitution could be brought about through empowering national parliaments in EU decision-making
Cooperation, Norms, and Revolutions: A Unified Game-Theoretical Approach
Cooperation is of utmost importance to society as a whole, but is often
challenged by individual self-interests. While game theory has studied this
problem extensively, there is little work on interactions within and across
groups with different preferences or beliefs. Yet, people from different social
or cultural backgrounds often meet and interact. This can yield conflict, since
behavior that is considered cooperative by one population might be perceived as
non-cooperative from the viewpoint of another.
To understand the dynamics and outcome of the competitive interactions within
and between groups, we study game-dynamical replicator equations for multiple
populations with incompatible interests and different power (be this due to
different population sizes, material resources, social capital, or other
factors). These equations allow us to address various important questions: For
example, can cooperation in the prisoner's dilemma be promoted, when two
interacting groups have different preferences? Under what conditions can costly
punishment, or other mechanisms, foster the evolution of norms? When does
cooperation fail, leading to antagonistic behavior, conflict, or even
revolutions? And what incentives are needed to reach peaceful agreements
between groups with conflicting interests?
Our detailed quantitative analysis reveals a large variety of interesting
results, which are relevant for society, law and economics, and have
implications for the evolution of language and culture as well
Effects of physical efforts on injury in elite soccer
In this study, the influence of physical efforts on occurrence of match injury in a professional soccer club was investigated. Computerised motion-analysis was used to measure the physical efforts of players during 10 injury situations. Total distance and those covered at different movement intensities were measured across the 5-min period preceding injury. If the final run preceding injury involved a high-intensity action (HIA), the distance, duration and speed of the effort and the recovery time between this and the penultimate HIA were measured. To determine the influence of these physical efforts, the results were compared to a normative profile for players computed from data across 5 games for the same variables; habitual distances covered over a 5-min period and characteristics of and recovery time between HIA. Compared to the normative profile, no differences were reported in physical characteristics during the period leading up to injury or for HIA although the latter were substantially higher in intensity (duration and distance). A lower than normal recovery time between HIA prior to injury was observed (35.6±16.8 s vs. 98.8±17.5 s, p=0.003). Within the limitations of the small sample, these findings may aid in further understanding injury and physical performance in elite soccer
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