人間中心型自動運転車における協調運転のための適応的マルチモーダルインタフェースに関する研究

早大学位記番号:新7967早稲田大

On the Recognition of Emotion from Physiological Data

This work encompasses several objectives, but is primarily concerned with an experiment where 33 participants were shown 32 slides in order to create ‗weakly induced emotions‘. Recordings of the participants‘ physiological state were taken as well as a self report of their emotional state. We then used an assortment of classifiers to predict emotional state from the recorded physiological signals, a process known as Physiological Pattern Recognition (PPR). We investigated techniques for recording, processing and extracting features from six different physiological signals: Electrocardiogram (ECG), Blood Volume Pulse (BVP), Galvanic Skin Response (GSR), Electromyography (EMG), for the corrugator muscle, skin temperature for the finger and respiratory rate. Improvements to the state of PPR emotion detection were made by allowing for 9 different weakly induced emotional states to be detected at nearly 65% accuracy. This is an improvement in the number of states readily detectable. The work presents many investigations into numerical feature extraction from physiological signals and has a chapter dedicated to collating and trialing facial electromyography techniques. There is also a hardware device we created to collect participant self reported emotional states which showed several improvements to experimental procedure

Decoding attentional load in visual perception: a signal processing approach

Previous research has established that visual perception tasks high in attentional load (or ‘perceptual load’, defined operationally to include either a larger number of items or a greater perceptual processing demand) result in reduced perceptual sensitivity and cortical response for visual stimuli outside the focus of attention. However, there are three challenges facing the load theory of attention today. The first is to describe a neural mechanism by which load-induced perceptual deficits are explained; the second is to clarify the concept of perceptual load and develop a method for estimating the load induced by a visual task a priori, without recourse to measures of secondary perceptual effects; and the third is to extend the study of attentional load to natural, real-world, visual tasks. In this thesis we employ signal processing and machine learning approaches to address these challenges. In Chapters 3 and 4 it is shown that high perceptual load degrades the perception of orientation by modulating the tuning curves of neural populations in early visual cortex. The combination of tuning curve modulations reported is unique to perceptual load, inducing broadened tuning as well as reductions in tuning amplitude and overall neural activity, and so provides a novel low-level mechanism for behaviourally relevant failures of vision such as inattentional blindness. In Chapter 5, a predictive model of perceptual load during the task of driving is produced. The high variation in perceptual demands during real-world driving allow the construction of a direct fine-scale mapping between high-resolution natural imagery, captured from a driver's point-of-view, and induced perceptual load. The model therefore constitutes the first system able to produce a priori estimates of load directly from visual characteristics of a natural task, extending research into the antecedents of perceptual load beyond the realm of austere laboratory displays. Taken together, the findings of this thesis represent major theoretical advances into both the causes and effects of high perceptual load

KEER2022

Avanttítol: KEER2022. DiversitiesDescripció del recurs: 25 juliol 202

Proceedings experiencing light 2009 : international conference on the effects of light on welbeing

no abstrac

Proceedings experiencing light 2009 : international conference on the effects of light on welbeing

no abstrac

Investigating the use of medicines in management of children and young people with epilepsy using data from primary care in the UK

Background: Epilepsy is a serious chronic neurological disorder that has a higher incidence in children and young people (CYP) than in adults. Epilepsy negatively impacts physical and psychosocial quality of life of CYP. Good outcomes of epilepsy are associated with optimal choice of drug treatment and adequate adherence to the prescribed medicines. Research on the patterns of medication use and adherence to prescribed medicines in CYP remains limited. The long-term clinical outcomes and costs of treating epilepsy have not been extensively studied in CYP in the UK. Aim of the study: This thesis aimed to investigate the pattern of antiepileptic drug (AED) prescribing and the dynamic of medication adherence in CYP with epilepsy. The long-term clinical outcomes and direct costs of treating epilepsy in CYP were estimated at population level. Methods: This study is an observational cohort study of CYP, age 0-17 years, identified from The Health Improvement Network (THIN) primary care database from the UK between January 1988 and December 2004. Four different analyses were carried out on this cohort. First, a cross-sectional design repeated annually was employed to estimate the incidence and prevalence of epilepsy and the pattern of AED prescribing in this population. Secondly, the long-term adherence to prescribed AEDs was calculated using the medication possession ratio (MPR) method. Applying panel data analysis and the Generalised Estimating Equation (GEE) multivariate regression, factors that may have been associated with adherence to the prescribed AEDs were examined. Thirdly, seizure outcomes in terms of seizure frequency and remission of seizures and potential associated factors were assessed using the method of multiple failure survival analysis. Finally, the direct costs of treating epilepsy in CYP in primary care were estimated and stratified by the number of years after the first recording of epilepsy in THIN data. Results: Of total 528,760 CYP born on or after 1st January 1988 and registered in general practices contributed to THIN until 31st December 2004, 2020 CYP were identified who had a diagnosis of epilepsy, from under 1 up to 16.3 years of age (mean=5.6; SD=4.1). The annual incidence of epilepsy in CYP stratified by calendar years ranged from 44.4 (95% CI=31.9-61.8) to 61.2 (95% CI=50.6 -74.1) per 100,000 person-years. Incidence of epilepsy was significantly higher in children with greater socioeconomic deprivation than those with lower deprivation. Around 60% of CYP with epilepsy were prescribed monotherapy each year. Old AEDs such as carbamazepine and sodium valproate were the most frequently prescribed drugs and often prescribed as monotherapy to control epilepsy throughout 1990-2003. Prescribing of lamotrigine, a new AED, increased from 0.07 per person-years in 1992 to 2 per person-years in 2003. The calculated annual adherence to AEDs showed that around 50% of CYP adhered to at least 80% of the prescribed medications each year. Demographic characteristics of CYP were of little significance to affect adherence levels. The incidence of seizures was 0.73 (95% CI=0.71-0.75) per person-years. Incidence of seizures was higher in younger children up to 2 years and decreased with increasing age. A proportion of 94% (95% CI=93%, 96%) of CYP achieved 1 year remission of seizures, 80% (95% CI= 78%, 83%) achieved 2 years and 47% (95% CI=43%, 50%) achieved 5 years remission of seizures. The mean total direct cost associated with treating epilepsy in CYP, according to information in the general practice records that also indicated specialist and hospital care, was estimated at £ 1,153 (SD=1,808) per child in the first year following epilepsy diagnosis and at £459 (SD=1,633) per child for subsequent years. The costs of hospital care and AEDs represented the highest contribution to the total direct costs of epilepsy. The annual direct cost was significantly higher in younger children up to 2 years old. No significant difference in the annual costs was observed between CYP who adhered to at least 80% of medications and those who adhered to less than 80%. Conclusions: The incidence of epilepsy was highest in young children and CYP of higher socioeconomic deprivation. Old AEDs were most often prescribed as first-line drugs and as monotherapy to control epilepsy. Of newer AEDs, there was an increasing trend of prescribing lamotrigine and topiramate as add-on therapy. Long-term adherence to prescribed AEDs was suboptimal in one-half of CYP and positively associated with higher seizure frequency. Inpatient hospital care and drugs were the major contributors to the direct costs of treating epilepsy in CYP. Non-adherence to prescribed medicines was associated with higher hospital care costs but not with total direct costs as the medicines themselves made large contribution to the direct cost