42 research outputs found

    Nondata-aided channel estimation for OFDM systems with space-frequency transmit diversity

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    This paper proposes a computationally efficient nondata-aided maximum a posteriori (MAP) channel-estimation algorithm focusing on the space-frequency (SF) transmit diversity orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission through frequency-selective channels. The proposed algorithm properly averages out the data sequence and requires a convenient representation of the discrete multipath fading channel based on the Karhunen-Loeve (KL) orthogonal expansion and estimates the complex channel parameters of each subcarrier iteratively, using the expectation maximization (EM) method. To further reduce the computational complexity of the proposed MAP algorithm, the optimal truncation property of the KL expansion is exploited. The performance of the MAP channel estimator is studied based on the evaluation of the modified Cramer-Rao bound (CRB). Simulation results confirm the proposed theoretical analysis and illustrate that the proposed algorithm is capable of tracking fast fading and improving overall performance. © 2006 IEEE

    Synchronization in wireless communications

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    The last decade has witnessed an immense increase of wireless communications services in order to keep pace with the ever increasing demand for higher data rates combined with higher mobility. To satisfy this demand for higher data rates, the throughput over the existing transmission media had to be increased. Several techniques were proposed to boost up the data rate: multicarrier systems to combat selective fading, ultra wide band (UWB) communications systems to share the spectrum with other users, MIMO transmissions to increase the capacity of wireless links, iteratively decodable codes (e.g., turbo codes and LDPC codes) to improve the quality of the link, cognitive radios, and so forth

    Estimation of bit error rate in 2×2 and 4×4 multi-input multi-output-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems

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    Multiple-input, multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems with multiple input antennas and multiple output antennas in dynamic environments face the challenge of channel estimation. To overcome this challenge and to improve the performance and signal-to-noise ratio, in this paper we used the Kalman filter for the correct estimation of the signal in dynamic environments. To obtain the original signal at the receiver end bit error rate factor plays a major role. If the signal to noise ratio is high and the bit error rate is low then signal strength is high, the signal received at the receiver end is almost similar to the ith transmitted signal. The dynamic tracking characteristic of Kalman filter is used to establish a dynamic space-time codeword and a collection of orthogonal pilot sequences to prevent interference among transmissions in this paper. Using the simulation, the Kalman filter method can be compared to the other channel estimation method presented in this paper that can track time-varying channels rapidly

    Full-Duplex Systems Using Multi-Reconfigurable Antennas

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    Full-duplex systems are expected to achieve 100% rate improvement over half-duplex systems if the self-interference signal can be significantly mitigated. In this paper, we propose the first full-duplex system utilizing Multi-Reconfigurable Antenna (MRA) with ?90% rate improvement compared to half-duplex systems. MRA is a dynamically reconfigurable antenna structure, that is capable of changing its properties according to certain input configurations. A comprehensive experimental analysis is conducted to characterize the system performance in typical indoor environments. The experiments are performed using a fabricated MRA that has 4096 configurable radiation patterns. The achieved MRA-based passive self-interference suppression is investigated, with detailed analysis for the MRA training overhead. In addition, a heuristic-based approach is proposed to reduce the MRA training overhead. The results show that at 1% training overhead, a total of 95dB self-interference cancellation is achieved in typical indoor environments. The 95dB self-interference cancellation is experimentally shown to be sufficient for 90% full-duplex rate improvement compared to half-duplex systems.Comment: Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communication

    Advanced methods in automatic modulation classification for emerging technologies

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    Modulation classification (MC) is of large importance in both military and commercial communication applications. It is a challenging problem, especially in non-cooperative wireless environments, where channel fading and no prior knowledge on the incoming signal are major factors that deteriorate the reception performance. Although the average likelihood ratio test method can provide an optimal solution to the MC problem with unknown parameters, it suffers from high computational complexity and in some cases mathematical intractability. Instead, in this research, an array-based quasi-hybrid likelihood ratio test (qHLRT) algorithm is proposed, which depicts two major advantages. First, it is simple yet accurate enough parameter estimation with reduced complexity. Second the incorporation of antenna arrays offers an effective ability to combat fading. Furthermore, a practical array-based qHLRT classifier scheme is implemented, which applies maximal ratio combining (MRC) to increase the accuracy of both carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation and likelihood function calculation in channel fading. In fact, double CFO estimations are executed in this classifier. With the first the unknown CFO, phase offsets and amplitudes are estimated as prerequisite for MRC operation. Then, MRC is performed using these estimates, followed by a second CFO estimator. Since the input of the second CFO estimator is the output of the MRC, fading effects on the incoming signals are removed significantly and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is augmented. As a result, a more accurate CFO estimate is obtained. Consequently, the overall classification performance is improved, especially in low SNR environment. Recently, many state-of-the-arts communication technologies, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulations, have been emerging. The need for distinguishing OFDM signal from single carrier has become obvious. Besides, some vital parameters of OFDM signals should be extracted for further processing. In comparison to the research on MC for single carrier single antenna transmission, much less attention has been paid to the MC for emerging modulation methods. A comprehensive classification system is proposed for recognizing the OFDM signal and extracting its parameters. An automatic OFDM modulation classifier is proposed, which is based on the goodness-of-fittest. Since OFDM signal is Gaussian, Cramer-von Mises technique, working on the empirical distribution function, has been applied to test the presence of the normality. Numerical results show that such approach can successfully identify OFDM signals from single carrier modulations over a wide SNR range. Moreover, the proposed scheme can provide the acceptable performance when frequency-selective fading is present. Correlation test is then applied to estimate OFDM cyclic prefix duration. A two-phase searching scheme, which is based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) as well as Gaussianity test, is devised to detect the number of subcarriers. In the first phase, a coarse search is carried out iteratively. The exact number of subcarriers is determined by the fine tune in the second phase. Both analytical work and numerical results are presented to verify the efficiency of the proposed scheme

    A Digital Signal Recovery Technique Using DNNs for LEO Satellite Communication Systems

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    Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers and mm-Wave Wireless Links for Converged Access Networks

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    Future access networks are converged optical-wireless networks, where fixed-line and wireless services share the same infrastructure. In this book, semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA) and mm-wave wireless links are investigated, and their use in converged access networks is explored: SOAs compensate losses in the network, and thereby extend the network reach. Millimeter-wave wireless links substitute fiber links when cabling is not economical

    Метод комплексної оцінки стану каналу багатоантенних систем радіозв’язку

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    A method of integrated estimation of channel state in multiantenna radio communication systems was developed. The distinguishing feature of the proposed method is estimation for several indicators, namely the bit error probability in the channel, frequency and pulse response of the channel state. After obtaining of the channel estimate for each indicator, a generalized channel state estimate is formed. Formation of the channel state estimate for each of the estimation indicators takes place in a separate layer of the neural network using the apparatus of fuzzy sets after which a generalized estimate is formed at the neural network output. Development of the proposed method was determined by necessity to raise speed of estimation of the channel state in multiantenna radio communication systems at an acceptable computational complexity. According to the results of the study, it has been established that the proposed method makes it possible to increase speed of estimation of channel state in multiantenna systems on average up to 30 % depending on the channel state while accuracy of the channel state estimation decreases by 5‒7 % because of reduced informativeness of estimation (because of using the apparatus of fuzzy sets) and is able to adapt to the signaling situation in the channel by training the neural network. Neural network training takes place on the basis of a training sequence and completes adaptation to the channel state after 10‒12 iterations of training. It is advisable to apply this method in radio stations with a programmable architecture to improve their interference immunity by reducing time for making decision on the channel state.Разработан метод комплексной оценки состояния канала многоантенных систем радиосвязи. Отличительная особенность предлагаемого метода заключается в оценке состояния канала многоантенных систем радиосвязи по нескольким показателям, а именно: вероятность битовой ошибки канала, частотная характеристика состояния канала и импульсная характеристика состояния канала. После получения оценки канала по каждому показателю происходит формирование обобщенной оценки состояния канала. Формирование оценки состояния канала по каждому из показателей оценки происходит на отдельном слое нейронной сети с использованием аппарата нечетких множеств, после чего на выходе нейронной сети формируется обобщенная оценка. Разработка предложенного метода обусловлена необходимостью повышения скорости оценивания состояния канала многоантенных систем радиосвязи с приемлемой вычислительной сложностью. По результатам исследования установлено, что предложенный метод позволяет повысить скорость оценки состояния канала системы многоантенных систем в среднем до 30 % в зависимости от состояния канала, при этом отмечается ухудшение точности оценки состояния канала на уровне 5–7 % за счет уменьшения информативности оценивания (это обусловлено использованием аппарата нечетких множеств) и способен адаптироваться к сигнальной обстановки в канале за счет обучения нейронной сети. Обучение нейронной сети происходит на основе учебной (тренировочной) последовательности и на 10–12 итерации обучения полностью завершает адаптацию к состоянию канала. Указанный метод целесообразно использовать в радиостанциях с программируемой архитектурой для повышения их помехозащищенности за счет уменьшения времени на принятие решения о состоянии каналаРозроблено метод комплексної оцінки стану каналу багатоантенних систем радіозв’язку. Відмінна особливість запропонованого методу полягає в оцінці стану каналу багатоантенних систем радіозв’язку за декількома показниками, а саме: ймовірність бітової помилки каналу, частотна характеристика стану каналу та імпульсна характеристика стану каналу. Після отримання оцінки каналу по кожному показнику відбувається формування узагальненої оцінки стану каналу. Формування оцінки стану каналу по кожному з показників оцінки відбувається на окремому шарі нейронної мережі з використанням апарату нечітких множин, після чого на виході нейронної мережі формується узагальнена оцінка. Розробка запропонованого методу обумовлена необхідністю підвищення швидкості оцінювання стану каналу багатоантенних систем радіозв’язку з прийнятною обчислювальною складністю.За результатами дослідження встановлено, що запропонований метод дозволяє підвищити швидкість оцінювання стану каналу багатоантенних систем в середньому до 30 % в залежності від стану каналу, при цьому відмічається погіршення точності оцінки стану каналу на рівні 5-7% за рахунок зменшення інформативності оцінювання (це обумовлене використанням апарату нечітких множин) та здатний адаптуватися до сигнальної обстановки в каналі за рахунок навчання нейронної мережі. Навчання нейронної мережі відбувається на основі навчальної (тренувальної) послідовності та на 10–12 ітерації навчання повністю завершує адаптацію до стану каналу. Зазначений метод доцільно використовувати в радіостанціях з програмованою архітектурою для підвищення їх завадозахищеності за рахунок зменшення часу на прийняття рішення щодо стану канал

    Single-Laser Multi-Terabit/s Systems

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    Optical communication systems carry the bulk of all data traffic worldwide. This book introduces multi-Terabit/s transmission systems and three key technologies for next generation networks. A software-defined multi-format transmitter, an optical comb source and an optical processing scheme for the fast Fourier transform for Tbit/s signals. Three world records demonstrate the potential: The first single laser 10 Tbit/s and 26 Tbit/s OFDM and the first 32.5 Tbit/s Nyquist WDM experiments
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