34,097 research outputs found
On the Complexity of Digraph Colourings and Vertex Arboricity
It has been shown by Bokal et al. that deciding 2-colourability of digraphs
is an NP-complete problem. This result was later on extended by Feder et al. to
prove that deciding whether a digraph has a circular -colouring is
NP-complete for all rational . In this paper, we consider the complexity
of corresponding decision problems for related notions of fractional colourings
for digraphs and graphs, including the star dichromatic number, the fractional
dichromatic number and the circular vertex arboricity. We prove the following
results:
Deciding if the star dichromatic number of a digraph is at most is
NP-complete for every rational .
Deciding if the fractional dichromatic number of a digraph is at most is
NP-complete for every .
Deciding if the circular vertex arboricity of a graph is at most is
NP-complete for every rational .
To show these results, different techniques are required in each case. In
order to prove the first result, we relate the star dichromatic number to a new
notion of homomorphisms between digraphs, called circular homomorphisms, which
might be of independent interest. We provide a classification of the
computational complexities of the corresponding homomorphism colouring problems
similar to the one derived by Feder et al. for acyclic homomorphisms.Comment: 21 pages, 1 figur
Preventing Unraveling in Social Networks Gets Harder
The behavior of users in social networks is often observed to be affected by
the actions of their friends. Bhawalkar et al. \cite{bhawalkar-icalp}
introduced a formal mathematical model for user engagement in social networks
where each individual derives a benefit proportional to the number of its
friends which are engaged. Given a threshold degree the equilibrium for
this model is a maximal subgraph whose minimum degree is . However the
dropping out of individuals with degrees less than might lead to a
cascading effect of iterated withdrawals such that the size of equilibrium
subgraph becomes very small. To overcome this some special vertices called
"anchors" are introduced: these vertices need not have large degree. Bhawalkar
et al. \cite{bhawalkar-icalp} considered the \textsc{Anchored -Core}
problem: Given a graph and integers and do there exist a set of
vertices such that and
every vertex has degree at least is the induced
subgraph . They showed that the problem is NP-hard for and gave
some inapproximability and fixed-parameter intractability results. In this
paper we give improved hardness results for this problem. In particular we show
that the \textsc{Anchored -Core} problem is W[1]-hard parameterized by ,
even for . This improves the result of Bhawalkar et al.
\cite{bhawalkar-icalp} (who show W[2]-hardness parameterized by ) as our
parameter is always bigger since . Then we answer a question of
Bhawalkar et al. \cite{bhawalkar-icalp} by showing that the \textsc{Anchored
-Core} problem remains NP-hard on planar graphs for all , even if
the maximum degree of the graph is . Finally we show that the problem is
FPT on planar graphs parameterized by for all .Comment: To appear in AAAI 201
The Partial Visibility Representation Extension Problem
For a graph , a function is called a \emph{bar visibility
representation} of when for each vertex , is a
horizontal line segment (\emph{bar}) and iff there is an
unobstructed, vertical, -wide line of sight between and
. Graphs admitting such representations are well understood (via
simple characterizations) and recognizable in linear time. For a directed graph
, a bar visibility representation of , additionally, puts the bar
strictly below the bar for each directed edge of
. We study a generalization of the recognition problem where a function
defined on a subset of is given and the question is whether
there is a bar visibility representation of with for every . We show that for undirected graphs this problem
together with closely related problems are \NP-complete, but for certain cases
involving directed graphs it is solvable in polynomial time.Comment: Appears in the Proceedings of the 24th International Symposium on
Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2016
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