Study of the most effective analysis procedures using multispectral imaging techniques on ancient egyptian painted objects

Multispectral imaging (MSI) used as Initial studies to identify and study painted layers as a non-destructive method. The use of MSI to tentatively identify pigments has an important advantage justifying its application the rapid and low-cost survey of large areas.it is possible to tentatively identify some historical pigments and discover the invisible layers, painting and writing. By means of MSI performed with simplified equipment and without the aid of imaging analysis software. The two selected objects from the Grand Egyptian Museum collection were rich in pigments, first object is polychrome anthropoid wooden coffin lid (GEM No. 22452) the date back to 21st Dynasty (c. 1070 - 945 B.c.) Late period, which belong to the collection of Bab el- Gusus tomb and the second is a Cartonnage mummy trappings on linen (GEM No. 8615) date back to27th dynasty, late period. Different imaging techniques of multispectral imaging like ultraviolet methods (UVF, UVR, and UVRFC) and Infrared methods (IRF, IR, IRFC and IRT) will be studied and evaluated regarding to the efficiency and effectively. Mixing between multispectral imaging and Reflectance transformation imaging will be applied and tested by mix and match between these two techniques we can add value for the results we can get. Several methods will be applied practically to have the required results for evaluating these methods. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry was used as a complementary analysis for the identification of the pigments

X-ray fluorescence applied to yellow pigments based on lead, tin and antimony: comparison of laboratory and portable instrumentation

X-ray fluorescence is a diagnostic approach particularly suited to be utilized in cultural heritage sector since it falls in the non-destructive and non-invasive analytical tools. However there are big differences between portable and laboratory instrumentation that make difficult to perform a comparison in terms of quality and reliability of the results. The present study is specifically addressed to investigate these differences in respect of the same analytical sample-set. To reach this goal a comparison was thus carried out between portable and bench top devices X-ray fluorescence devices and techniques were used on different type of yellow pigments based on lead, tin and antimony obtained in laboratory, reproducing the instructions described in “old” recipes, that is: i) mortar of lead and tin produced on the basis of the recipe 13 /c V of the “Manuscript of Danzica” and “ Li tre libri dell’arte del Vasaio” by Cipriano Piccolpasso; ii) two types of lead and tin yellow (Pb2SnO4 and PbSnO3) produced starting from the indications of the 272 and 273 recipes of the “Bolognese Manuscript”; iii) lead antimonate (Pb2Sb2O7) obtained by following the instructions of the Piccolpasso’s treatise and those contained on the “Istoria delle pitture in maiolica fatte in Pesaro e ne’ luoghi circonvicini di Giambattista Passeri” and finally iv) lead, tin and antimony yellow (Pb2SnSbO6,5) obtained starting from the information contained in the paper 30 R of “Manuscript of Danzica” [1]. The XRF analysis were performed using a laboratory instrumentation (Bruker M4 Tornado) and a handset analytical device (Assing Surface Monitor). In order to perform a significant statistical comparison among acquired and processed data, all the analyses have been carried out utilizing the same sample, the same acquisition set up and operative conditions. A chemometric approach, based on the utilization of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and multivariate analytical based tools [2], was utilized in order to verify the spectral differences, and related informative content, among the different produced yellow pigments. The multivariate approach on the results revealed instrumental differences between the two systems and allowed to compare the common characteristics of the set of pigments analyzed

UV-Vis Luminescence imaging techniques/ Técnicas de imagen de luminiscencia UV-Vis

Ever since its first introduction in the field of conservation, the role of UV-VIS luminescence/fluores-cence (UVL and UVf, respectively) imaging has been expanding.The unique and significant contribution of this technique for investigation of cultural heritage has led to the development of new methodol-ogies and applications. Each chapter in this volume can be read independently. While this means that some repetition may occur between the individual chapters, in particular regarding the explanation of terminology and methodology, such overlap provides interesting op-portunities for cross-comparison of both terminol-ogy and methodology. In addition, it highlights similarities and differences between different situations in the practical applicationFuster López, L.; Stols-Witlox, M.; Picollo, M. (2020). UV-Vis Luminescence imaging techniques/ Técnicas de imagen de luminiscencia UV-Vis. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/138517EDITORIA