32,866 research outputs found
LP-based Covering Games with Low Price of Anarchy
We present a new class of vertex cover and set cover games. The price of
anarchy bounds match the best known constant factor approximation guarantees
for the centralized optimization problems for linear and also for submodular
costs -- in contrast to all previously studied covering games, where the price
of anarchy cannot be bounded by a constant (e.g. [6, 7, 11, 5, 2]). In
particular, we describe a vertex cover game with a price of anarchy of 2. The
rules of the games capture the structure of the linear programming relaxations
of the underlying optimization problems, and our bounds are established by
analyzing these relaxations. Furthermore, for linear costs we exhibit linear
time best response dynamics that converge to these almost optimal Nash
equilibria. These dynamics mimic the classical greedy approximation algorithm
of Bar-Yehuda and Even [3]
Dominating Set Games
In this paper we study cooperative cost games arising from domination problems on graphs.We introduce three games to model the cost allocation problem and we derive a necessary and su cient condition for the balancedness of all three games.Furthermore we study concavity of these games.game theory;cost allocation;cooperative games
Stability and Fairness in Models with a Multiple Membership
This article studies a model of coalition formation for the joint production (and finance) of public projects, in which agents may belong to multiple coalitions. We show that, if projects are divisible, there always exists a stable (secession-proof) structure, i.e., a structure in which no coalition would reject a proposed arrangement. When projects are indivisible, stable allocations may fail to exist and, for those cases, we resort to the least core in order to estimate the degree of instability. We also examine the compatibility of stability and fairness in metric environments with indivisible projects, where we also explore the performance of well-known solutions, such as the Shapley value and the nucleolus.Stability, Fairness, Membership, Coalition Formation
Stability and fairness in models with a multiple membership
This article studies a model of coalition formation for the joint production (and finance) of public projects, in which agents may belong to multiple coalitions. We show that, if projects are divisible, there always exists a stable (secession-proof) structure, i.e., a structure in which no coalition would reject a proposed arrangement. When projects are in- divisible, stable allocations may fail to exist and, for those cases, we resort to the least core in order to estimate the degree of instability. We also examine the compatibility of stability and fairness on metric environments with indivisible projects. To do so, we explore, among other things, the performance of several well-known solutions (such as the Shapley value, the nucleolus, or the Dutta-Ray value) in these environments.stability, fairness, membership, coalition formation
Stability and Fairness in Models with a Multiple Membership
This article studies a model of coalition formation for the joint production (and finance) of public projects, in which agents may belong to multiple coalitions. We show that, if projects are divisible, there always exists a stable (secession-proof) structure, i.e., a structure in which no coalition would reject a proposed arrangement. When projects are indivisible, stable allocations may fail to exist and, for those cases, we resort to the least core in order to estimate the degree of instability. We also examine the compatibility of stability and fairness in metric environments with indivisible projects, where we also explore the performance of well-known solutions, such as the Shapley value and the nucleolus.Stability, Fairness, Membership, Coalition Formation
Algorithm Instance Games
This paper introduces algorithm instance games (AIGs) as a conceptual
classification applying to games in which outcomes are resolved from joint
strategies algorithmically. For such games, a fundamental question asks: How do
the details of the algorithm's description influence agents' strategic
behavior?
We analyze two versions of an AIG based on the set-cover optimization
problem. In these games, joint strategies correspond to instances of the
set-cover problem, with each subset (of a given universe of elements)
representing the strategy of a single agent. Outcomes are covers computed from
the joint strategies by a set-cover algorithm. In one variant of this game,
outcomes are computed by a deterministic greedy algorithm, and the other
variant utilizes a non-deterministic form of the greedy algorithm. We
characterize Nash equilibrium strategies for both versions of the game, finding
that agents' strategies can vary considerably between the two settings. In
particular, we find that the version of the game based on the deterministic
algorithm only admits Nash equilibrium in which agents choose strategies (i.e.,
subsets) containing at most one element, with no two agents picking the same
element. On the other hand, in the version of the game based on the
non-deterministic algorithm, Nash equilibrium strategies can include agents
with zero, one, or every element, and the same element can appear in the
strategies of multiple agents.Comment: 14 page
On some cost allocation problems in communication networks
New technologies prompted an explosion in the development of
communication networks. Modern network optimization techniques usually lead to a design of the most profitable, or the least cost network that will provide some service to customers. There are various costs and gains associated with building and using a communication network. Moreover, the involved multiple network users and/or owners possibly have conflicting objectives. However, they might cooperate in order to decrease their joint cost or increase their joint profit. Clearly, these individuals or organizations will support a globally \u27attractive\u27 solution(s) only if their expectations for a \u27fair share\u27 of the cost or profit are met. Consequently,
providing network developers, users and owners with efficiently computable \u27fair\u27 cost allocation solution procedures is of great importance for strategic management. This work is an overview of some recent results (some already published as well as some new) in the development of cooperative game theory based mechanisms to efficiently compute \u27attractive\u27 cost allocation solutions for several important classes of communication networks
A Low-Complexity Approach to Distributed Cooperative Caching with Geographic Constraints
We consider caching in cellular networks in which each base station is
equipped with a cache that can store a limited number of files. The popularity
of the files is known and the goal is to place files in the caches such that
the probability that a user at an arbitrary location in the plane will find the
file that she requires in one of the covering caches is maximized.
We develop distributed asynchronous algorithms for deciding which contents to
store in which cache. Such cooperative algorithms require communication only
between caches with overlapping coverage areas and can operate in asynchronous
manner. The development of the algorithms is principally based on an
observation that the problem can be viewed as a potential game. Our basic
algorithm is derived from the best response dynamics. We demonstrate that the
complexity of each best response step is independent of the number of files,
linear in the cache capacity and linear in the maximum number of base stations
that cover a certain area. Then, we show that the overall algorithm complexity
for a discrete cache placement is polynomial in both network size and catalog
size. In practical examples, the algorithm converges in just a few iterations.
Also, in most cases of interest, the basic algorithm finds the best Nash
equilibrium corresponding to the global optimum. We provide two extensions of
our basic algorithm based on stochastic and deterministic simulated annealing
which find the global optimum.
Finally, we demonstrate the hit probability evolution on real and synthetic
networks numerically and show that our distributed caching algorithm performs
significantly better than storing the most popular content, probabilistic
content placement policy and Multi-LRU caching policies.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figures, presented at SIGMETRICS'1
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