265 research outputs found
A Review of Smart Materials in Tactile Actuators for Information Delivery
As the largest organ in the human body, the skin provides the important
sensory channel for humans to receive external stimulations based on touch. By
the information perceived through touch, people can feel and guess the
properties of objects, like weight, temperature, textures, and motion, etc. In
fact, those properties are nerve stimuli to our brain received by different
kinds of receptors in the skin. Mechanical, electrical, and thermal stimuli can
stimulate these receptors and cause different information to be conveyed
through the nerves. Technologies for actuators to provide mechanical,
electrical or thermal stimuli have been developed. These include static or
vibrational actuation, electrostatic stimulation, focused ultrasound, and more.
Smart materials, such as piezoelectric materials, carbon nanotubes, and shape
memory alloys, play important roles in providing actuation for tactile
sensation. This paper aims to review the background biological knowledge of
human tactile sensing, to give an understanding of how we sense and interact
with the world through the sense of touch, as well as the conventional and
state-of-the-art technologies of tactile actuators for tactile feedback
delivery
Creating an illusion of movement between the hands using mid-air touch
Apparent tactile motion (ATM) has been shown to occur across many contiguous parts of the body, such as fingers, forearms and the back. More recently, the illusion has also been elicited on non-contiguous part of the body, such as from one hand to the other when interconnected or not interconnected by an object in between the hands. Here we explore the reproducibility of the intermanual tactile illusion of movement between two free hands by employing mid-air tactile stimulation. We investigate the optimal parameters to generate a continuous and smooth motion using two arrays of ultrasound speakers, and two stimulation techniques (i.e. static vs. dynamic focal point). In the first experiment, we investigate the occurrence of the illusion when using a static focal point, and we define a perceptive model. In the second experiment, we examine the illusion using a dynamic focal point, defining a second perceptive model. Finally, we discuss the differences between the two techniques
Multi-point STM: Effects of Drawing Speed and Number of Focal Points on Users’ Responses using Ultrasonic Mid-Air Haptics
Spatiotemporal modulation (STM) is used to render tactile patterns with ultrasound arrays. Previous research only explored the effects of single-point STM parameters, such as drawing speed (Vd). Here we explore the effects of multi-point STM on both perceptual (intensity) and emotional (valence/arousal) responses. This introduces a new control parameter for STM - the number of focal points (Nfp) – on top of conventional STM parameter (Vd). Our results from a study with 30 participants showed a negative effect of Nfp on perceived intensity and arousal, but no significant effects on valence. We also found the effects of Vd still aligned with prior results for single-point, even when different Nfp were used, suggesting that effects observed from single-point also apply to multi-point STM. We finally derive recommendations, such as using single-point STM to produce stimuli with higher intensity and/or arousal, or using multi-point STM for milder and more relaxing (less arousing) experience
Generating airborne ultrasonic amplitude patterns using an open hardware phased array
Holographic methods from optics can be adapted to acoustics for enabling novel applications in particle manipulation or patterning by generating dynamic custom-tailored acoustic fields. Here, we present three contributions towards making the field of acoustic holography more widespread. Firstly, we introduce an iterative algorithm that accurately calculates the amplitudes and phases of an array of ultrasound emitters in order to create a target amplitude field in mid-air. Secondly, we use the algorithm to analyse the impact of spatial, amplitude and phase emission resolution on the resulting acoustic field, thus providing engineering insights towards array design. For example, we show an onset of diminishing returns for smaller than a quarter-wavelength sized emitters and a phase and amplitude resolution of eight and four divisions per period, respectively. Lastly, we present a hardware platform for the generation of acoustic holograms. The array is integrated in a single board composed of 256 emitters operating at 40 kHz. We hope that the results and procedures described within this paper enable researchers to build their own ultrasonic arrays and explore novel applications of ultrasonic holograms.This research was funded by the Government of Navarre (FEDER) 0011-1365-2019-000086 and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 101017746, TOUCHLESS
Haptics: Science, Technology, Applications
This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human Haptic Sensing and Touch Enabled Computer Applications, EuroHaptics 2022, held in Hamburg, Germany, in May 2022. The 36 regular papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 129 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: haptic science; haptic technology; and haptic applications
Continuous Surface Rendering, Passing from CAD to Physical Representation
This paper describes a desktop‐mechatronic interface that has been conceived to support designers in the evaluation of aesthetic virtual shapes. This device allows a continuous and smooth free hand contact interaction on a real and developable plastic tape actuated by a servo‐controlled mechanism. The objective in designing this device is to reproduce a virtual surface with a consistent physical rendering well adapted to designers' needs. The desktop‐mechatronic interface consists in a servo‐actuated plastic strip that has been devised and implemented using seven interpolation points. In fact, by using the MEC (Minimal Energy Curve) Spline approach, a developable real surface is rendered taking into account the CAD geometry of the virtual shapes. In this paper, we describe the working principles of the interface by using both absolute and relative approaches to control the position on each single control point on the MEC spline. Then, we describe the methodology that has been implemented, passing from the CAD geometry, linked to VisualNastran in order to maintain the parametric properties of the virtual shape. Then, we present the co‐ simulation between VisualNastran and MATLAB/Simulink used for achieving this goal and controlling the system and finally, we present the results of the subsequent testing session specifically carried out to evaluate the accuracy and the effectiveness of the mechatronic device
空中ジェスチャ・インタラクションにおける触覚提示の高臨場感化および安定化に関する研究
Tohoku University昆陽雅司課
Musical Haptics
Haptic Musical Instruments; Haptic Psychophysics; Interface Design and Evaluation; User Experience; Musical Performanc
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