Gender Identity and Sense of Self Sufficiency

This study examines the effects of gender identity on sense of safety on a college campus. Data was collected through an online survey sent out to students at the University of New Hampshire. Students answered nominal and ordinal questions about their gender identity, as well as Likert-scale questions regarding opinions on safety while walking on campus. The results of the survey showed correlation between gender identity and sense of safety while walking alone at night, however, the survey showed no correlation between gender identity and sense of safety while walking at night with a friend. Collecting data from a larger and more representative sample would improve findings on students, specifically those who identify as transgender and non-conforming

Mismatched Quantum Filtering and Entropic Information

Quantum filtering is a signal processing technique that estimates the posterior state of a quantum system under continuous measurements and has become a standard tool in quantum information processing, with applications in quantum state preparation, quantum metrology, and quantum control. If the filter assumes a nominal model that differs from reality, however, the estimation accuracy is bound to suffer. Here I derive identities that relate the excess error caused by quantum filter mismatch to the relative entropy between the true and nominal observation probability measures, with one identity for Gaussian measurements, such as optical homodyne detection, and another for Poissonian measurements, such as photon counting. These identities generalize recent seminal results in classical information theory and provide new operational meanings to relative entropy, mutual information, and channel capacity in the context of quantum experiments.Comment: v1: first draft, 8 pages, v2: added introduction and more results on mutual information and channel capacity, 12 pages, v3: minor updates, v4: updated the presentatio

Multilevel quadrature for elliptic problems on random domains by the coupling of FEM and BEM

Elliptic boundary value problems which are posed on a random domain can be mapped to a fixed, nominal domain. The randomness is thus transferred to the diffusion matrix and the loading. While this domain mapping method is quite efficient for theory and practice, since only a single domain discretisation is needed, it also requires the knowledge of the domain mapping. However, in certain applications, the random domain is only described by its random boundary, while the quantity of interest is defined on a fixed, deterministic subdomain. In this setting, it thus becomes necessary to compute a random domain mapping on the whole domain, such that the domain mapping is the identity on the fixed subdomain and maps the boundary of the chosen fixed, nominal domain on to the random boundary. To overcome the necessity of computing such a mapping, we therefore couple the finite element method on the fixed subdomain with the boundary element method on the random boundary. We verify the required regularity of the solution with respect to the random domain mapping for the use of multilevel quadrature, derive the coupling formulation, and show by numerical results that the approach is feasible

Effects of Online Christian Self-Disclosure on Impression Formation

Increased reliance on social media to initiate and maintain relationships warrants research that investigates how religion affects Internet-based impressions. Evidence suggests that some Christians avoid identifying religiously online to prevent unfavorable evaluations by those with whom they interact on the Internet. This experiment examined the effects of online Christian disclosure. Respondents (N = 233) viewed a fictional social networking profile containing one of three levels of Christian disclosure frequency: none, nominal, and extensive. There was conflicting evidence for a direct association between Christian disclosure and impressions. Regardless of disclosure level, however, religious respondents rated profile owners as more likeable and with less negative stereotypes, than less religious respondents. Most notably, respondent religiosity moderated impressions. The least religious respondents tended to rate the extensively disclosing Christian as least romantically desirable and as most representative of negative stereotypes. The most religious respondents rated this individual as most likeable and as most romantically desirable. Effects of nominal disclosure showed little association with respondent religiosity, suggesting that nominal disclosure may constitute a socially acceptable level of online Christian disclosure. Respondents made few distinctions between nondisclosure and nominal disclosure, and Christian identity tended to be assumed when not disclosed, which also illustrated the low relevance of Christian nominal disclosure as an identity marker

A comparative study of populations of Ectopleura crocea and Ectopleura ralphi (Hydrozoa, Tubulariidae) from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean

Ectopleura crocea (L. Agassiz, 1862) and Ectopleura ralphi (Bale, 1884) are two of the nominal tubulariid species re-corded for the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SWAO), presumably with wide but disjunct geographical ranges and similar morphologies. Our goal is to bring together data from morphology, histology, morphometry, cnidome, and molecules (COI and ITS1+5.8S) to assess the taxonomic identity of two populations of these nominal species in the SWAO. We have ob-served no significant difference or distributional patterns between the so-called Brazilian E. ralphi and Argentine E. cro-cea for both morphological and molecular data. Therefore, SWAO populations of Ectopleura belong to the same species. In a broader view, it is difficult to find decisive character distinguishing E. crocea from E. ralphi, and both species have indeed recently been synonymized, with the binomen E. crocea having nomenclatural priority. Geographically broader genetic analysis should be carried out in order to test the validity of this synonymy because taxonomical procedures such as studying type specimens and documenting broad phenotypic variability have not yet been conducted.Fil: Antunes Imazu, Mauricio. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Ale, Ezequiel. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Genzano, Gabriel Nestor. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentin

The construction and form of modern cities: exploring identities and community

‘Urban historians’, we are told, are ‘obliged to be more eclectic’ than other scholars of the city. The volumes covered by this review certainly speak to the rich diversity of urban history making.* While the others can take a ‘well-defined disciplinary perspective’ – as sociologists, geographers, etc. – only we are expected to ‘study the interaction of the urban fabric on the social fabric’ in its ‘unique spatial setting’ across social, economic and political boundaries (and of course through time). This is a rhetoric – an ideal, perhaps – with which most of us, doubtless, are already familiar. But how does it translate into practice? In our everyday imperfect world of time constraints a nominal commitment to eclecticism can instead spawn specialization, and thus a lack of cross-disciplinary ‘cohesion’, so that the ‘umbrella’ of diversity instead becomes an agency for introversion. To be truly eclectic, therefore, presumably urban historians need to be not only better read (and/or brighter) than other academic colleagues, but also better resourced! Yet before we all rush to our respective departmental heads to make a claim, we need to ask, too, whether this declaration of eclecticism is little more than yet another ‘idealized’ story that we tell about ourselves: part of our identity, of how we would like to be seen, an affirmation of our self-view. Is it as ‘imagined’, for example, as other forms of identity – a construct to serve a purpose? Is it there to make us feel special, valued and privileged

Synonymy Without Analyticity

Analyticity is a bogus explanatory concept, and is so even granting genuine synonomy. Definitions can't explain the truth of a statement, let alone its necessity and/or our a priori knowledge of it. The illusion of an explanation is revealed by exposing diverse confusions: e.g., between nominal, conceptual and real definitions, and correspondingly between notational, conceptual, and objectual readings of alleged analytic truths, and between speaking a language and operating a calculus. The putative explananda of analyticity are (alleged) truths about essential properties. Real definitions (a la Socrates) are the (alleged) explananda, not the explanans of analyticity. Their truth can be explained neither by conceptual definitions (a la Kant), nor by nominal definitions (a la Frege). The Quinean assault on synonomy is unsuccessful and in any case misplaced, because analyticity turns on the explanatory import of synonomy, not its existence. Synonym substitution in a logical truth cannot yield a necessary truth for it doesn't preserve logical form. Self-identity statements (for properties and/or individuals) differ in logical form from alter-identity statements

Money, Interest and Prices

Twenty five years after the publication of the second edition, this paper describes and evaluates the Contributions to monetary and macroeconomics made in Don Patinkin's Money, Interest, and Prices (MIP). Its first accomplishment was to settle definitively many issues, such as the valid and invalid dichotomies between real and nominal magnitudes, Say's identity, the nature of the Keynesian system, and the requirements for the neutrality of money, which had been disputed for decades. It also opened the road to the future by developing macroeconomic models from a well specified microeconomic foundation. In so doing, it established the base on which subsequent equilibrium macroeconomics built. Beyond that, in Chapter XII, Patinkin pioneered the development of disequilibrium analysis by presenting a fully articulated model that makes the key distinction between notional and effective demands, and using it to explain price and quantity adjustments in conditions of unemployment.

TOWARDS A RELIGIOUSLY HYBRID IDENTITY? The Changing Face of Javanese Islam

This article seeks to revisit the discussion of Javanese Islam from an alternative point of view. It argues that the presentation of Javanese Islam in the previous studies is no longer adequate to accommodate the most current transformation of Javanese Islam. The identity of Javanese Islam can neither be seen from syncretic point of view nor normative perspective per se, since the identity of Javanese Islam has transformed itself into something different from the past. Becoming an abangan or santri in the post-Geertz era, represents the making of a religiously hybrid identity. In the context of Geertz, to become an abangan means he/she cannot become a santri at once. At that time, a pure and puritan abangan, was hardly a practicing Muslim, but nominal Muslim. Becoming a santri, on the other hand, had to be done by disentangling any type of identity in kejawen sense. Javanese Islam has to do with whatever-you-like mentality that forms a hybrid identity among the Javanese Muslims