Logic, mathematics, physics: from a loose thread to the close link: Or what gravity is for both logic and mathematics rather than only for physics

Gravitation is interpreted to be an “ontomathematical” force or interaction rather than an only physical one. That approach restores Newton’s original design of universal gravitation in the framework of “The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy”, which allows for Einstein’s special and general relativity to be also reinterpreted ontomathematically. The entanglement theory of quantum gravitation is inherently involved also ontomathematically by virtue of the consideration of the qubit Hilbert space after entanglement as the Fourier counterpart of pseudo-Riemannian space. Gravitation can be also interpreted as purely mathematical or logical “force” or “interaction” as a corollary from its ontomathematical (rather than physical) realization. The ontomathematical approach to gravitation is implicit in general relativity equating it to operators in pseudo-Riemannian space obeying the Einstein field equation and also well-known by the “geometrization of physics”. Quantum mechanics shares the same by the separable complex Hilbert space and defining “physical quantity” by the Hermitian operators on it. One can interpret special Minkowski space involved by special relativity and the qubit Hilbert space of quantum information as Fourier counterparts immediately noticing that general relativity means gravitation as the Fourier counterpart of non-Hermitian operators implying non-unitarity and the violation of energy conservation and thus destroying Pauli’s particle paradigm. Since the Standard model obeys it, this explains the impossibility of “quantum gravitation” in any framework conservatively generalizing the Standard model so that it would include gravitation along with electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions. Einstein’s geometrization of gravitation can be continued into a purely mathematical theory of it following Euclid’s realization for geometry to be exhaustively built in a deductive and axiomatic way as well as Riemann’s parametrization of all the class of Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometries by “space curvature”, then being generalized to Minkowski space as the operators on pseudo-Riemannian space as the Einstein field equation means gravitation. The transition from mathematical gravitation to logical one can rely on the historical lesson of the pair of Lobachevski’s and Riemann’s approaches now “reversely”, i.e., from the latter to the former. Logical gravitation is linkable to Hegel’s dialectical logic and ontological dialectics abandoning their interpretations as a new zero logic substituting classical propionyl logic. The approach of ontomathematics generalizing that of ontology, traceable even to Aristotle’s reformation of Plato’s doctrine, needs Hegel’s doctrine to be formalized as a first-order logic naturally containing Boolean algebra, isomorphic to both classical propositional logic and set theory being the class of all first-order logics, as a sub-logic along with Peano arithmetic as another sub-logic. The first-order logic at issue is called Hilbert arithmetic and elaborated in detail in other papers. It allows for both self-foundation of mathematics to be internally proved as complete and furthermore, quantum mechanics reinterpreted as quantum information to be included by the qubit Hilbert space interpretable in turn as a dual and physical counterpart of Hilbert arithmetic in a narrow sense, that is, both counterparts constitute Hilbert arithmetic in a wide sense, being mathematical and physical simultaneously and thus overcoming the Cartesian dualism of “body” gapped from “mind” by an abyss. Then, the proper philosophical interpretation of gravitation to be the fundamental ontomathematical force or interaction overcomes the ridiculous belief of the Big Bang wrongly alleged to be a scientific theory. Ontomathematical gravitation suggests an omnipresent and omnitemporal medium of “God’s” creation “ex nihilo” following only the natural necessity of quantum-information conservation particularly and locally manifested as energy conservation

A creative computing approach to poetry as data

With the rapid advent of emerging new services such as cloud computing, mobile technology, and social media, more and more people prefer posting their literary creations such as poems, on the Internet instead of in traditional papers. The era of Digital Humanities has truly arrived. With ever-growing concerns regarding literary data, ways to utilise and manage them has become a major concern. Many researchers have worked on that and proposed different solutions. However, owing to new challenges and creative requirements, traditional methods need adjustments. For example, most poetry data collection methods, such as surveys, are based on single target searching; that is, only relying upon keywords and themes. Thus, the result can be monotonous. Moreover, the accuracy of algorithms for poetry data analysis is no longer the only benchmark. The underlying meaning of poetry data has drawn people’s attention. Meanwhile, traditional poetry data presentation methods need to be enhanced to reflect diversity and media richness. The aim of this research is to present a Creative Computing approach to poetry data collection, analysis and presentation. The thesis demonstrates the feasibility and details the proposed methods in the following phases. Firstly, poetry data is being creatively regarded as an object with mass, volume and resistance, from an interdisciplinary perspective. A novel data relevancy rule is proposed to retrieve the closely-related data of an input, which is adapted from the Newton’s law of universal gravitation in physics. In this way, a broadened variety of data is being searched using web crawler based on multi-purpose rules. Then, the search results are filtered on the basis of buoyancy phenomenon and Ohm’s law. Secondly, with reference to chemical principles this research carries out innovative poetry data analysis based on the notion that chemical reactions always bring in brand new outcomes, despite having exactly the same elements. The mood, theme and personal reflection, after going through a piece of literature, presented difficulties for traditional data analysis. In this work, they have been investigated relying on acidity estimation, organic abstraction and oxidation-reduction reactions. Lastly, presenting the poetry analysis results through creative visualisation has been studied thanks to the elegant mathematics expressions of curves and shapes which are believed to effectively convey underlying emotions of poetry data. To illustrate this idea, a rainbow of variable spectrum and diverse types of trajectories are proposed as background and rolling titles, respectively. In summary, the proposed approach carries out manipulations on traditional poetry data processing based on models and algorithms of Creative Computing. The proposed approach was evaluated by a selected case study, where a prototype system was built for poetry analysis. Conclusions are drawn and future research is also discussed. Initial experiment results show this work contributes to an effective and Creative Computing approach to poetry data manipulation. This research has potential applications to academic research of texts, to making word recommendations for users to better comprehend literature such as poetry, a novel or drama. Furthermore, it sees the possibility of inspiring creative thinking for human art creation

Cyclic probabilistic reasoning networks: some exactly solvable iterative error-control structures.

Wai-shing Lee.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 114).Abstracts in English and Chinese.Contents --- p.iList of Figures --- p.ivList of Tables --- p.vAbstract --- p.viAcknowledgement --- p.viiChapter Chapter 1. --- Layout of the thesis --- p.1Chapter Chapter 2. --- Introduction --- p.3Chapter 2.1 --- What is the reasoning problem? --- p.3Chapter 2.2 --- Fundamental nature of Knowledge --- p.4Chapter 2.3 --- Fundamental methodology of Reasoning --- p.7Chapter 2.4 --- Our intended approach --- p.9Chapter Chapter 3. --- Probabilistic reasoning networks --- p.11Chapter 3.1 --- Overview --- p.11Chapter 3.2 --- Causality and influence diagrams --- p.11Chapter 3.3 --- Bayesian networks - influence diagrams endowed with a probability interpretation --- p.13Chapter 3.3.1 --- A detour to the interpretations of probability --- p.13Chapter 3.3.2 --- Bayesian networks --- p.15Chapter 3.3.3 --- Acyclicity and global probability --- p.17Chapter 3.4 --- Reasoning on probabilistic reasoning networks I - local updating formulae --- p.17Chapter 3.4.1 --- Rationale of the intended reasoning strategy --- p.18Chapter 3.4.2 --- Construction of the local updating formula --- p.19Chapter 3.5 --- Cluster graphs - another perspective to reasoning problems --- p.23Chapter 3.6 --- Semi-lattices - another representation of Cluster graphs --- p.26Chapter 3.6.1 --- Construction of semi-lattices --- p.26Chapter 3.7 --- Bayesian networks and semi-lattices --- p.28Chapter 3.7.1 --- Bayesian networks to acyclic semi-lattices --- p.29Chapter 3.8 --- Reasoning on (acyclic) probabilistic reasoning networks II - global updating schedules --- p.29Chapter 3.9 --- Conclusion --- p.30Chapter Chapter 4. --- Cyclic reasoning networks - a possibility? --- p.32Chapter 4.1 --- Overview --- p.32Chapter 4.2 --- A meaningful cyclic structure - derivation of the ideal gas law --- p.32Chapter 4.3 --- "What's ""wrong"" to be in a cyclic world" --- p.35Chapter 4.4 --- Communication - Dynamics - Complexity --- p.39Chapter 4.4.1 --- Communication as dynamics; dynamics to complexity --- p.42Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusion --- p.42Chapter Chapter 5. --- Cyclic reasoning networks ´ؤ error-control application --- p.43Chapter 5.1 --- Overview --- p.43Chapter 5.2 --- Communication schemes on cyclic reasoning networks directed to error-control applications --- p.43Chapter 5.2.1 --- Part I ´ؤ Local updating formulae --- p.44Chapter 5.2.2 --- Part II - Global updating schedules across the network --- p.46Chapter 5.3 --- Probabilistic reasoning based error-control schemes --- p.47Chapter 5.3.1 --- Local sub-universes and global universe underlying the error- control structure --- p.47Chapter 5.4 --- Error-control structure I --- p.48Chapter 5.4.1 --- Decoding algorithm - Communication between local sub- universes in compliance with the global topology --- p.51Chapter 5.4.2 --- Decoding rationales --- p.55Chapter 5.4.3 --- Computational results --- p.55Chapter 5.5 --- Error-control structure II --- p.57Chapter 5.5.1 --- Structure of the code and the corresponding decoding algorithm --- p.57Chapter 5.5.2 --- Computational results --- p.63Chapter 5.6 --- Error-control structure III --- p.66Chapter 5.6.1 --- Computational results --- p.70Chapter 5.7 --- Error-control structure IV --- p.71Chapter 5.7.1 --- Computational results --- p.73Chapter 5.8 --- Conclusion --- p.74Chapter Chapter 6. --- Dynamics on cyclic probabilistic reasoning networks --- p.75Chapter 6.1 --- Overview --- p.75Chapter 6.2 --- Decoding rationales --- p.76Chapter 6.3 --- Error-control structure I - exact solutions --- p.77Chapter 6.3.1 --- Dynamical invariant - a key to tackle many dynamical problems --- p.77Chapter 6.3.2 --- Dynamical invariant for error-control structure I --- p.78Chapter 6.3.3 --- Iteration dynamics --- p.79Chapter 6.3.4 --- Structure preserving property and the maximum a posteriori solutions --- p.86Chapter 6.4 --- Error-control structures III & IV - exact solutions --- p.92Chapter 6.4.1 --- Error-control structure III --- p.92Chapter 6.4.1.1 --- Dynamical invariants for error-control structure III --- p.92Chapter 6.4.1.2 --- Iteration dynamics --- p.93Chapter 6.4.2 --- Error-control structure IV --- p.96Chapter 6.4.3 --- Structure preserving property and the maximum a posteriori solutions --- p.98Chapter 6.5 --- Error-control structure II - exact solutions --- p.101Chapter 6.5.1 --- Iteration dynamics --- p.102Chapter 6.5.2 --- Structure preserving property and the maximum a posteriori solutions --- p.105Chapter 6.6 --- A comparison on the four error-control structures --- p.106Chapter 6.7 --- Conclusion --- p.108Chapter Chapter 7. --- Conclusion --- p.109Chapter 7.1 --- Our thesis --- p.109Chapter 7.2 --- Hind-sights and foresights --- p.110Chapter 7.3 --- Concluding remark --- p.111Appendix A. An alternative derivation of the local updating formula --- p.112Bibliography --- p.11

Satellite constellation design for mid-course ballistic missile intercept

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 223-228).This thesis will establish a conceptual approach to the design of constellations for satellite-based mid-course missile defense. The ballistic missile intercept problem leads to a new paradigm of coverage where interceptor "reachability" replaces line-of-sight coverage. Interceptors in this concept are limited in their time of flight and AV capabilities. Classical design approaches, based on ground coverage, are employed to provide a priori constellations for ballistic missile defense from a postulated North Korean attack. Both symmetric and asymmetric constellation types, designed for Earth coverage, provide bounds on the number of satellites required. A detailed parametric analysis is used to explore the constellation design space. Various constellation types are optimized to maximize missile defense coverage. Both genetic algorithms and gradient-based optimization techniques are employed. Satellite-based mid-course ballistic missile defense from a regional threat is achievable with as few as 21 satellites. Additional constellation intercept statistics, such as: the number of intercepts per missile, and interceptor closing velocities, are compiled to provide a lethality index. The effective capabilities of these constellations to defend CONUS, beyond the original regional threat, are also explored. It will be demonstrated that the constellations constructed in this work are capable of providing defense from an array of threatening states about the globe. This research illustrates how known design methods and astrodynamics techniques can be used to create new and viable methods of space-based missile defense.by Luke Michael Sauter.S.M

Glosarium Matematika

273 p.; 24 cm

Історія науки й техніки

The tutorial "History of Science and Technology" is intended for undergraduate students who study this academic subject in English. The material for each of the themes covers a specific historical period in the history of science and technology from ancient times to the present. The last theme is devoted to the study of the history of NTU "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute".Навчальний посібник "Історія науки і техніки" призначено для студентів-бакалаврів, які вивчають дисципліну англійською мовою. Матеріал для кожної із тем висвітлює певний історичний період розвитку історії науки і техніки від стародавніх часів до сьогодення. Остання тема присвячена вивченню історії НТУ "Харківський політехнічний інститут"

Sociobiology, universal Darwinism and their transcendence: An investigation of the history, philosophy and critique of Darwinian paradigms, especially gene-Darwinism, process-Darwinism, and their types of reductionism towards a theory of the evolution of evolutionary processes, evolutionary freedom and ecological idealism

Based on a review of different Darwinian paradigms, particularly sociobiology, this work, both, historically and philosophically, develops a metaphysic of gene-Darwinism and process-Darwinism, and then criticises and transcends these Darwinian paradigms in order to achieve a truly evolutionary theory of evolution. Part I introduces essential aspects of current sociobiology as the original challenge to this investigation. The claim of some sociobiologists that ethics should become biologized in a gene-egoistic way, is shown to be tied to certain biological views, which ethically lead to problematic results. In part II a historical investigation into sociobiology and Darwinism in general provides us, as historical epistemology', with a deeper understanding of the structure and background of these approaches. Gene-Darwinism, which presently dominates sociobiology and is linked to Dawkins' selfish gene view of evolution, is compared to Darwin's Darwinism and the evolutionary' synthesis and becomes defined more strictly. An account of the external history of Darwinism and its subparadigms shows how cultural intellectual presuppositions, like Malthusianism or the Newtonian concept of the unchangeable laws of nature, also influenced biological theory' construction. In part III universal 'process-Darwinism' is elaborated based on the historical interaction of Darwinism with non-biological subject areas. Building blocks for this are found in psychology, the theory of science and economics. Additionally, a metaphysical argument for the universality of process- Darwinism, linked to Hume's and Popper's problem of induction, is proposed. In part IV gene-Darwinism and process-Darwinism are criticised. Gene-Darwinism—despite its merits—is challenged as being one-sided in advocating 'gene-atomism', 'germ-line reductionism' and 'process-monism'. My alternative proposals develop and try to unify different criticisms often found. In respect of gene-atomism I advocate a many-level approach, opposing the necessary radical selfishness of single genes. I develop the concept of higher-level genes, propose a concept of systemic selection, which may stabilise group properties, without relying on permanent group selection and extend the applicability of a certain group selectionist model generally to small open groups. Proposals of mine linked to the critique of germ-line reductionism are: 'exformation', phenotypes as evolutionary factors and a field theoretic understanding of causa formalis (resembling Aristotelian hylemorphism). Finally the process-monism of gene-Darwinism, process-Darwinism and, if defined strictly, Darwinism in general is criticised. 1 argue that our ontology and ethics would be improved by replacing the Newtoman-Paleyian deist metaphor of an eternal and unchangeable law of nature, which lies at tire very heart of Darwinism, by a truly evolutionary understanding of evolution where new processes may gain a certain autonomy. All this results in a view that I call 'ecological idealism', which, although still very much based on Darwinism, clearly transcends a Darwinian world view