The Industry and Policy Context for Digital Games for Empowerment and Inclusion:Market Analysis, Future Prospects and Key Challenges in Videogames, Serious Games and Gamification

The effective use of digital games for empowerment and social inclusion (DGEI) of people and communities at risk of exclusion will be shaped by, and may influence the development of a range of sectors that supply products, services, technology and research. The principal industries that would appear to be implicated are the 'videogames' industry, and an emerging 'serious games' industry. The videogames industry is an ecosystem of developers, publishers and other service providers drawn from the interactive media, software and broader ICT industry that services the mainstream leisure market in games, The 'serious games' industry is a rather fragmented and growing network of firms, users, research and policy makers from a variety of sectors. This emerging industry is are trying to develop knowledge, products, services and a market for the use of digital games, and products inspired by digital games, for a range of non-leisure applications. This report provides a summary of the state of play of these industries, their trajectories and the challenges they face. It also analyses the contribution they could make to exploiting digital games for empowerment and social inclusion. Finally, it explores existing policy towards activities in these industries and markets, and draws conclusions as to the future policy relevance of engaging with them to support innovation and uptake of effective digital game-based approaches to empowerment and social inclusion.JRC.J.3-Information Societ

RAPID INTERNATIONALISATION: THE CRITICAL ROLE OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FACTORS ON CAPABILITIES AND BUSINESS STRATEGY

Grounded from resource-based view, network approach perspective, strategic behaviour theory, innovation theory and capabilities theory, this study proposed a model for rapid internationalisation of SMEs in Malaysia. In-depth interviews were conducted with selected firms in Malaysia to explore and identify the factors contributing to the firms' capabilities, business strategy and rapid internationalisation. This model provides further insight into the factors that leads them to rapid internationalisation. This paper found that technology, firm orientation, networking and founder's background and entrepreneurial characteristics as internal factors together with industry trends and environment are critical determinants of capabilities that lead to business strategy and rapid internationalisation. Apart from that, it was found that innovation plays a crucial role in IT based born global firms; it may not apply to all the firms. One of the firms interviewed has chosen creativity as their key role factor instead of innovation. Lastly, firms that do not require large capital are better off by avoiding external fund to reduce unnecessary financial risk. Article visualizations

Game on! a report on the interactive leisure software subsector in London

There is a paucity of good quality data on the UK video games industry. Information such as value-added, investment on R&D, average annual expenditure on training and the value of video games in terms of exports, for example, is thin or incomplete. This is a serious problem. If we are to improve the competitiveness of the UK games development sector then we must have better quality information. Games developers will then be able to benchmark their business activities against industry averages. Overseas investors will also then be better informed about the benefits of investing in the UK leisure software sector. This Report confirms the lacunae in our knowledge that exists about the video games industry. For example, the Office of National Statistics still does not have a specific code to identify interactive leisure software businesses. Yet the Report also shines a light on the video games industry in the UK in general and in London in particular

Nintendo’s pursuit for profitability: a pedagogical case study

Project / Classification JEL System: M10: General Business Administration L10: General Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market PerformanceThe home video game console industry, like most high technology industries, is characterized by fast innovation, intense competition and a generally volatile environment. Since the mid-1990s, this industry has essentially been dominated by three major companies, Nintendo, Sony and Microsoft. However, in recent years (since 2012) Nintendo’s performance has been below expectations, with revenues falling, negative operating income for the last three years, and falling share prices. As a result, Nintendo’s management has started, especially since the second half of 2014, a concerted effort to improve the company’s fortunes. At the moment these efforts have resulted in better media coverage and a stop in share price fall. It is still early to know if Nintendo’s pursuit for profitability will succeed; nonetheless, it is both of import and interest to understand how companies seek to achieve superior performance, which is why Nintendo was chosen to be analyzed. The aim of this project is to conduct a pedagogical case study on Nintendo, with a focus on how the company is attempting to return to profitability in the midst of intensified competition from its main rivals, Sony and Microsoft, and a growing threat from substitute products, namely mobile gaming. Through the case study and the request for a strategic analysis, the project will present its target audience – management undergraduate students – an opportunity to understand Nintendo and its industry; as well as, give them the chance to put into practice some strategic management concepts and frameworks, which may prove to be useful in both their academic and professional careers.A indústria de consolas de jogos de vídeo, como a maioria das indústrias baseadas em alta technologia, é caracterizada pela inovação rápida, competição intensa e um ambiente geralmente volátil. Desde meados de 1990 que esta indústria é essencialmente dominada por três grandes empresas, a Nintendo, a Sony, e a Microsoft. No entanto, nos últimos anos (desde 2012) o desempenho da Nintendo tem estado aquém das expetativas: com queda nas receitas; resultados operacionais negativos nos últimos três anos; e queda na cotação das ações em bolsa. A administração da Nintendo começou, especialmente desde o segundo semestre de 2014, um esforço concertado para melhorar a situação da empresa. Neste momento, tais esforços resultaram em uma melhoria na forma como a empresa é retratada nos media e na paragem da queda do preço das ações. Ainda é cedo para se saber se a busca da Nintendo pela lucratividade será bem sucedida; no entanto, importa e interessa entender como as empresas procuram alcançar resultados superiores, e esta é a razão pela qual a Nintendo foi escolhida para análise. O objective deste projeto é a realização de um estudo pedagógico sobre a Nintendo, com realce na forma como a empresa tenta voltar à lucratividade em meio a intensa competição com os seus principais rivais, Sony e Microsoft, e a crescente ameaça de produtos substitutos, como os jogos em telemóveis ou tablets. Através do caso de estudo e a realização da análise estratégica, o projecto apresentará à sua audiência – estudantes da licenciatura em gestão – a oportunidade de entender a Nintendo e a sua indústria; e dar-lhes-á a oportunidade de praticarem alguns conceitos e ferramentas de gestão estratégica, eventualmente úteis nas suas vidas académicas e futuras carreiras

Innovate or game over? Examining effects of product innovativeness on video game success

In recent years, the video game industry has invested signifcant amounts in the development of innovative elements for its products. However, it is still subject to debate whether these R&D investments always pay of. While prior research has con frmed that enhancing product innovativeness increases business performance in certain industries, corresponding fndings for the video game market are lacking. This might be a result of missing theoretical conceptualizations and adequate empiri cal operationalizations of game innovativeness. Addressing this research gap, this study provides the frst conceptualization and operationalization of game innovativeness, shedding frst light on its performance efects. Based on longitudinal data on 351 computer games, our fndings confrm that innovations in the game’s presentation and principle enhance short-term success, whereas innovations in a game’s storyline can be more of a hindrance than a godsend for companies. However, our results also show that performance efects of game innovativeness diminish over time

Born Digital / Grown Digital: Assessing the Future Competitiveness of the EU Video Games Software Industry

This report reflects the findings of the JRC-IPTS study on the Video games Industry, with a focus on two specific activities: online and mobile video games. The report starts by introducing the technologies, their characteristics, market diffusion and barriers to take up, and their potential economic impact, before moving to an analysis of their contribution to the competitiveness of the European ICT industry. The research is based on internal and external expertise, literature reviews and desk research, several workshops and syntheses of the current state of the knowledge. The results were reviewed by experts and in dedicated workshops. The report concludes that the general expectations for the next years foresee a speeded up migration of contents and services to digital, in a scenario of rapidly increasing convergence of digital technologies and integration of media services taking advantage of improved and permanent network connections. The role of the so-called creative content industry is expected to increase accordingly. Communication services and media industry will co-evolve on the playground of the Internet of services, along with a product to service transformation of the software market in general. In this general context the Video games Software industry plays and is expected to play a major role. The games industry may become a major driver of the development of networks as it has been in the past for the development of computer hardware.JRC.DDG.J.4-Information Societ

Hong Kong’s New Creative Industries: The Example of the Video Games Sector

Douglas B. Fuller</p

Dynamic cities and creative clusters

The author focuses on how urban policies and the clustering of creative industries has influenced urban outcomes. The set of creative industries include those with output protectable under some form of intellectual property law. More specifically, this sub-sector encompasses software, multimedia, video games, industrial design, fashion, publishing, and research and development. The cities that form the basis for the empirical investigations are those where policy-induced transitions have been most evident, including Boston; San Francisco; San Diego; Seattle; Austin; Washington, D.C.; Dublin (Ireland); Hong Kong (China); and Bangalore (India). The key research questions are: 1) What types of cities are creative? 2) What locational factors are essential? 3) What are the common urban policy initiatives used by creative cities? The author explores the importance of the external environment for innovation and places it in the larger context of national innovation systems. Based on a study of development in Boston and San Diego, he isolates the factors and policies that have contributed to the local clustering of particular creative industries. In both cities, universities have played a major role in catalyzing the local economy by generating cutting-edge research findings, proactively collaborating with industries, and supplying the needed human capital. In addition, these two cities benefited from the existence of anchor firms and active industry associations that promoted fruitful university-industry links. Many cities in East Asia are aspiring to become the creative hubs of the region. But their investments tend to be heavily biased toward infrastructure provision. Although this is necessary, the heavy emphasis on hardware can lead to underinvestment in developing the talents and skills needed for the emergence of creative industries in these cities.Public Health Promotion,ICT Policy and Strategies,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Decentralization,Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems,ICT Policy and Strategies,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems,Educational Technology and Distance Education,Agricultural Research

Under the radar: Industry entry by user entrepreneurs

We inductively develop a model of the commercialization process for new products or services user entrepreneurs undertake when entering an industry while drawing on proprietary technology developed in another industry. Extending the growing field of user entrepreneurship, we identify a two-phase approach to industry entry by user entrepreneurs who start "under the radar" of incumbent firms, gain experience, attract a first potential customer base, and then, in a second phase, engage in commercialization. During this process, a community of fellow users is of major importance for the entrepreneur, serving as a knowledge pool for skills development and experimentation with different commercialization paths. We study a nascent group of firms founded by users of video games who became entrepreneurs on entering the animation industry by producing Machinima, a new film genre characterized by shooting film in video games. We explain how user entrepreneurs gain access to complementary assets (video games) for their new use (shooting film), how they deal with intellectual property issues when using other firms' assets, and how user entrepreneurs combine domain knowledge about film production with their experience in video games and the art of Machinima. Our propositions hold implications for management and policy