A Comprehensive Investigation of Beam Management Through Conventional and Deep Learning Approach

5G spectrum uses cutting-edge technology which delivers high data rates, low latency, increased capacity, and high spectrum utilization. To cater to these requirements various technologies are available such as Multiple Access Technology (MAT), Multiple Input Multiple Output technology (MIMO), Millimetre (mm) wave technology, Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Technology (NOMA), Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT). Of all available technologies, mmWave is prominent as it provides favorable opportunities for 5G. Millimeter-wave is capable of providing a high data rate i.e., 10 Gbit/sec. Also, a tremendous amount of raw bandwidth is available i.e., around 250 GHz, which is an attractive characteristic of the mmWave band to relieve mobile data traffic congestion in the low frequency band. It has a high frequency i.e., 30 – 300 GHz, giving very high speed. It has a very short wavelength i.e., 1-10mm, because of this it provides the compact size of the component. It will provide a throughput of up to 20 Gbps. It has narrow beams and will increase security and reduce interference. When the main beam of the transmitter and receiver are not aligned properly there is a problem in ideal communication. To solve this problem beam management is one of the solutions to form a strong communication link between transmitter and receiver. This paper aims to address challenges in beam management and proposes a framework for realization. Towards the same, the paper initially introduces various challenges in beam management. Towards building an effective beam management system when a user is moving, various steps are present like beam selection, beam tracking, beam alignment, and beam forming. Hence the subsequent sections of the paper illustrate various beam management procedures in mmWave using conventional methods as well as using deep learning techniques. The paper also presents a case study on the framework's implementation using the above-mentioned techniques in mmWave communication. Also glimpses on future research directions are detailed in the final sections. Such beam management techniques when used for mmWave technology will enable build fast, efficient, and capable 5G networks

State-of-the-art assessment of 5G mmWave communications

Deliverable D2.1 del proyecto 5GWirelessMain objective of the European 5Gwireless project, which is part of the H2020 Marie Slodowska- Curie ITN (Innovative Training Networks) program resides in the training and involvement of young researchers in the elaboration of future mobile communication networks, focusing on innovative wireless technologies, heterogeneous network architectures, new topologies (including ultra-dense deployments), and appropriate tools. The present Document D2.1 is the first deliverable of Work- Package 2 (WP2) that is specifically devoted to the modeling of the millimeter-wave (mmWave) propagation channels, and development of appropriate mmWave beamforming and signal processing techniques. Deliver D2.1 gives a state-of-the-art on the mmWave channel measurement, characterization and modeling; existing antenna array technologies, channel estimation and precoding algorithms; proposed deployment and networking techniques; some performance studies; as well as a review on the evaluation and analysis toolsPostprint (published version

A survey on hybrid beamforming techniques in 5G : architecture and system model perspectives

The increasing wireless data traffic demands have driven the need to explore suitable spectrum regions for meeting the projected requirements. In the light of this, millimeter wave (mmWave) communication has received considerable attention from the research community. Typically, in fifth generation (5G) wireless networks, mmWave massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications is realized by the hybrid transceivers which combine high dimensional analog phase shifters and power amplifiers with lower-dimensional digital signal processing units. This hybrid beamforming design reduces the cost and power consumption which is aligned with an energy-efficient design vision of 5G. In this paper, we track the progress in hybrid beamforming for massive MIMO communications in the context of system models of the hybrid transceivers' structures, the digital and analog beamforming matrices with the possible antenna configuration scenarios and the hybrid beamforming in heterogeneous wireless networks. We extend the scope of the discussion by including resource management issues in hybrid beamforming. We explore the suitability of hybrid beamforming methods, both, existing and proposed till first quarter of 2017, and identify the exciting future challenges in this domain

1-D broadside-radiating leaky-wave antenna based on a numerically synthesized impedance surface

A newly-developed deterministic numerical technique for the automated design of metasurface antennas is applied here for the first time to the design of a 1-D printed Leaky-Wave Antenna (LWA) for broadside radiation. The surface impedance synthesis process does not require any a priori knowledge on the impedance pattern, and starts from a mask constraint on the desired far-field and practical bounds on the unit cell impedance values. The designed reactance surface for broadside radiation exhibits a non conventional patterning; this highlights the merit of using an automated design process for a design well known to be challenging for analytical methods. The antenna is physically implemented with an array of metal strips with varying gap widths and simulation results show very good agreement with the predicted performance

Beam scanning by liquid-crystal biasing in a modified SIW structure

A fixed-frequency beam-scanning 1D antenna based on Liquid Crystals (LCs) is designed for application in 2D scanning with lateral alignment. The 2D array environment imposes full decoupling of adjacent 1D antennas, which often conflicts with the LC requirement of DC biasing: the proposed design accommodates both. The LC medium is placed inside a Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) modified to work as a Groove Gap Waveguide, with radiating slots etched on the upper broad wall, that radiates as a Leaky-Wave Antenna (LWA). This allows effective application of the DC bias voltage needed for tuning the LCs. At the same time, the RF field remains laterally confined, enabling the possibility to lay several antennas in parallel and achieve 2D beam scanning. The design is validated by simulation employing the actual properties of a commercial LC medium