Some New Balanced and Almost Balanced Quaternary Sequences with Low Autocorrelation

Quaternary sequences of both even and odd period having low autocorrelation are studied. We construct new families of balanced quaternary sequences of odd period and low autocorrelation using cyclotomic classes of order eight, as well as investigate the linear complexity of some known quaternary sequences of odd period. We discuss a construction given by Chung et al. in "New Quaternary Sequences with Even Period and Three-Valued Autocorrelation" [IEICE Trans. Fundamentals Vol. E93-A, No. 1 (2010)] first by pointing out a slight modification (thereby obtaining new families of balanced and almost balanced quaternary sequences of even period and low autocorrelation), then by showing that, in certain cases, this slight modification greatly simplifies the construction given by Shen et al. in "New Families of Balanced Quaternary Sequences of Even Period with Three-level Optimal Autocorrelation" [IEEE Comm. Letters DOI10.1109/LCOMM.2017.26611750 (2017)]. We investigate the linear complexity of these sequences as well

A Survey on Almost Difference Sets

Let $G$ be an additive group of order $v$. A $k$-element subset $D$ of $G$ is called a $(v, k, \lambda, t)$-almost difference set if the expressions $gh^{-1}$, for $g$ and $h$ in $D$, represent $t$ of the non-identity elements in $G$ exactly $\lambda$ times and every other non-identity element $\lambda+1$ times. Almost difference sets are highly sought after as they can be used to produce functions with optimal nonlinearity, cyclic codes, and sequences with three-level autocorrelation. This paper reviews the recent work that has been done on almost difference sets and related topics. In this survey, we try to communicate the known existence and nonexistence results concerning almost difference sets. Further, we establish the link between certain almost difference sets and binary sequences with three-level autocorrelation. Lastly, we provide a thorough treatment of the tools currently being used to solve this problem. In particular, we review many of the construction methods being used to date, providing illustrative proofs and many examples

Shift-Inequivalent Decimations of the Sidelnikov-Lempel-Cohn-Eastman Sequences

We consider the problem of finding maximal sets of shift-inequivalent decimations of Sidelnikov-Lempel-Cohn-Eastman (SLCE) sequences (as well as the equivalent problem of determining the multiplier groups of the almost difference sets associated with these sequences). We derive a numerical necessary condition for a residue to be a multiplier of an SLCE almost difference set. Using our necessary condition, we show that if $p$ is an odd prime and $S$ is an SLCE almost difference set over $\mathbb{F}_p,$ then the multiplier group of $S$ is trivial. Consequently, for each odd prime $p,$ we obtain a family of $\phi(p-1)$ shift-inequivalent balanced periodic sequences (where $\phi$ is the Euler-Totient function) each having period $p-1$ and nearly perfect autocorrelation

New Infinite Families of Perfect Quaternion Sequences and Williamson Sequences

We present new constructions for perfect and odd perfect sequences over the quaternion group $Q_8$. In particular, we show for the first time that perfect and odd perfect quaternion sequences exist in all lengths $2^t$ for $t\geq0$. In doing so we disprove the quaternionic form of Mow's conjecture that the longest perfect $Q_8$-sequence that can be constructed from an orthogonal array construction is of length 64. Furthermore, we use a connection to combinatorial design theory to prove the existence of a new infinite class of Williamson sequences, showing that Williamson sequences of length $2^t n$ exist for all $t\geq0$ when Williamson sequences of odd length $n$ exist. Our constructions explain the abundance of Williamson sequences in lengths that are multiples of a large power of two.Comment: Version accepted for publicatio

Almost Difference Sets in Nonabelian Groups

We give two new constructions of almost difference sets. The first is a generic construction of $(q^{2}(q+1),q(q^{2}-1),q(q^{2}-q-1),q^{2}-1)$ almost difference sets in certain groups of order $q^{2}(q+1)$ ($q$ is an odd prime power) having ($\mathbb{F}_{q},+)$ as a subgroup. The construction occurs in any group of order $p^{2}(p+1)$ ($p$ is an odd prime) having ($\mathbb{F}_{p^{2}},+)$ as an additive subgroup. This construction yields several infinite families of almost difference sets, many of which occur in nonabelian groups. The second construction yields $(4p,2p+1,p,p-1)$ almost difference sets in dihedral groups of order $4p$ where $p\equiv 3 \ ({\rm mod} \ 4)$ is a prime. Moreover, it turns out that some of the infinite families of almost difference sets obtained have Cayley graphs which are Ramanujan graphs. \keywords{Difference set \and Almost difference set \and Nonabelian group

Linear complexity and trace representation of quaternary sequences over Z4\mathbb{Z}_4 based on generalized cyclotomic classes modulo pqpq

We define a family of quaternary sequences over the residue class ring modulo $4$ of length $pq$, a product of two distinct odd primes, using the generalized cyclotomic classes modulo $pq$ and calculate the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of the sequences. The DFT helps us to determine the exact values of linear complexity and the trace representation of the sequences.Comment: 16 page

A lower bound on the 2-adic complexity of Ding-Helleseth generalized cyclotomic sequences of period pnp^n

Let $p$ be an odd prime, $n$ a positive integer and $g$ a primitive root of $p^n$. Suppose $D_i^{(p^n)}=\{g^{2s+i}|s=0,1,2,\cdots,\frac{(p-1)p^{n-1}}{2}\}$, $i=0,1$, is the generalized cyclotomic classes with $Z_{p^n}^{\ast}=D_0\cup D_1$. In this paper, we prove that Gauss periods based on $D_0$ and $D_1$ are both equal to 0 for $n\geq2$. As an application, we determine a lower bound on the 2-adic complexity of a class of Ding-Helleseth generalized cyclotomic sequences of period $p^n$. The result shows that the 2-adic complexity is at least $p^n-p^{n-1}-1$, which is larger than $\frac{N+1}{2}$, where $N=p^n$ is the period of the sequence.Comment: 1

Large Families of Optimal Two-Dimensional Optical Orthogonal Codes

Nine new 2-D OOCs are presented here, all sharing the common feature of a code size that is much larger in relation to the number of time slots than those of constructions appearing previously in the literature. Each of these constructions is either optimal or asymptotically optimal with respect to either the original Johnson bound or else a non-binary version of the Johnson bound introduced in this paper. The first 5 codes are constructed using polynomials over finite fields - the first construction is optimal while the remaining 4 are asymptotically optimal. The next two codes are constructed using rational functions in place of polynomials and these are asymptotically optimal. The last two codes, also asymptotically optimal, are constructed by composing two of the above codes with a constant weight binary code. Also presented, is a three-dimensional OOC that exploits the polarization dimension. Finally, phase-encoded optical CDMA is considered and construction of two efficient codes are provided

New Binary Sequences with Optimal Autocorrelation Magnitude

New binary sequences of period � � for even � � are found. These sequences can be described by a � interleaved structure. The new sequences are almost balanced and have four-valued autocorrelation, i.e., � � � ��, which is optimal with respect to autocorrelation magnitude. Complete autocorrelation distribution and exact linear complexity of the sequences are mathematically derived. From the simple implementation with a small number of shift registers and a connector, the sequences have a benefit of obtaining large linear complexity

A lower bound on the 2-adic complexity of modified Jacobi sequence

Let $p,q$ be distinct primes satisfying $\mathrm{gcd}(p-1,q-1)=d$ and let $D_i$, $i=0,1,\cdots,d-1$, be Whiteman's generalized cyclotomic classes with $Z_{pq}^{\ast}=\cup_{i=0}^{d-1}D_i$. In this paper, we give the values of Gauss periods based on the generalized cyclotomic sets $D_0^{\ast}=\sum_{i=0}^{\frac{d}{2}-1}D_{2i}$ and $D_1^{\ast}=\sum_{i=0}^{\frac{d}{2}-1}D_{2i+1}$. As an application, we determine a lower bound on the 2-adic complexity of modified Jacobi sequence. Our result shows that the 2-adic complexity of modified Jacobi sequence is at least $pq-p-q-1$ with period $N=pq$. This indicates that the 2-adic complexity of modified Jacobi sequence is large enough to resist the attack of the rational approximation algorithm (RAA) for feedback with carry shift registers (FCSRs).Comment: 13 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1702.00822, arXiv:1701.0376