5 research outputs found

    Hybrid Warfare

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    This book is available as open access through the Bloomsbury Open Access programme and is available on www.bloomsburycollections.com. Hybrid Warfare refers to a military strategy that blends conventional warfare, so-called ‘irregular warfare’ and cyber-attacks with other influencing methods, such as fake news, diplomacy and foreign political intervention. As Hybrid Warfare becomes increasingly commonplace, there is an imminent need for research bringing attention to how these challenges can be addressed in order to develop a comprehensive approach towards Hybrid Threats and Hybrid Warfare. This volume supports the development of such an approach by bringing together practitioners and scholarly perspectives on the topic and by covering the threats themselves, as well as the tools and means to counter them, together with a number of real-world case studies. The book covers numerous aspects of current Hybrid Warfare discourses including a discussion of the perspectives of key western actors such as NATO, the US and the EU; an analysis of Russia and China’s Hybrid Warfare capabilities; and the growing threat of cyberwarfare. A range of global case studies – featuring specific examples from the Baltics, Taiwan, Ukraine, Iran and Catalonia – are drawn upon to demonstrate the employment of Hybrid Warfare tactics and how they have been countered in practice. Finally, the editors propose a new method through which to understand the dynamics of Hybrid Threats, Warfare and their countermeasures, termed the ‘Hybridity Blizzard Model’. With a focus on practitioner insight and practicable International Relations theory, this volume is an essential guide to identifying, analysing and countering Hybrid Threats and Warfare

    Hybrid Warfare

    Get PDF
    This book is available as open access through the Bloomsbury Open Access programme and is available on www.bloomsburycollections.com. Hybrid Warfare refers to a military strategy that blends conventional warfare, so-called ‘irregular warfare’ and cyber-attacks with other influencing methods, such as fake news, diplomacy and foreign political intervention. As Hybrid Warfare becomes increasingly commonplace, there is an imminent need for research bringing attention to how these challenges can be addressed in order to develop a comprehensive approach towards Hybrid Threats and Hybrid Warfare. This volume supports the development of such an approach by bringing together practitioners and scholarly perspectives on the topic and by covering the threats themselves, as well as the tools and means to counter them, together with a number of real-world case studies. The book covers numerous aspects of current Hybrid Warfare discourses including a discussion of the perspectives of key western actors such as NATO, the US and the EU; an analysis of Russia and China’s Hybrid Warfare capabilities; and the growing threat of cyberwarfare. A range of global case studies – featuring specific examples from the Baltics, Taiwan, Ukraine, Iran and Catalonia – are drawn upon to demonstrate the employment of Hybrid Warfare tactics and how they have been countered in practice. Finally, the editors propose a new method through which to understand the dynamics of Hybrid Threats, Warfare and their countermeasures, termed the ‘Hybridity Blizzard Model’. With a focus on practitioner insight and practicable International Relations theory, this volume is an essential guide to identifying, analysing and countering Hybrid Threats and Warfare

    Geomorphometry 2020. Conference Proceedings

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    Geomorphometry is the science of quantitative land surface analysis. It gathers various mathematical, statistical and image processing techniques to quantify morphological, hydrological, ecological and other aspects of a land surface. Common synonyms for geomorphometry are geomorphological analysis, terrain morphometry or terrain analysis and land surface analysis. The typical input to geomorphometric analysis is a square-grid representation of the land surface: a digital elevation (or land surface) model. The first Geomorphometry conference dates back to 2009 and it took place in Zürich, Switzerland. Subsequent events were in Redlands (California), Nánjīng (China), Poznan (Poland) and Boulder (Colorado), at about two years intervals. The International Society for Geomorphometry (ISG) and the Organizing Committee scheduled the sixth Geomorphometry conference in Perugia, Italy, June 2020. Worldwide safety measures dictated the event could not be held in presence, and we excluded the possibility to hold the conference remotely. Thus, we postponed the event by one year - it will be organized in June 2021, in Perugia, hosted by the Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection of the Italian National Research Council (CNR IRPI) and the Department of Physics and Geology of the University of Perugia. One of the reasons why we postponed the conference, instead of canceling, was the encouraging number of submitted abstracts. Abstracts are actually short papers consisting of four pages, including figures and references, and they were peer-reviewed by the Scientific Committee of the conference. This book is a collection of the contributions revised by the authors after peer review. We grouped them in seven classes, as follows: • Data and methods (13 abstracts) • Geoheritage (6 abstracts) • Glacial processes (4 abstracts) • LIDAR and high resolution data (8 abstracts) • Morphotectonics (8 abstracts) • Natural hazards (12 abstracts) • Soil erosion and fluvial processes (16 abstracts) The 67 abstracts represent 80% of the initial contributions. The remaining ones were either not accepted after peer review or withdrawn by their Authors. Most of the contributions contain original material, and an extended version of a subset of them will be included in a special issue of a regular journal publication

    Transformasie en die kerk die kerklike hantering van eietydse transformasie d.m.v. nywerheidsbediening

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    This study investigates the contemporary industrial, political and church transformation processes in order to indicate the existing defaults in the church's handling of change and to underline the important role of Industrial Ministry during transformation. The final findings inspired eventually the formulating of a work psychological model to support the church in the analysis and handling of the ongoing change within South Africa. The Practical Theology approach and the use of scientific research methods underlined the close relationship between the transformation processes which is accommodated as such. The Industrial transformation is a world phenomena resulting from the industrial striving for a new economical dispensation and the strategic advancement of globalisation. This international process established a new national industrial dispensation causing enormous socio-economic problems. Political transformation stimulated this process by accommodating the international political developments since World War II, the political advances on the African continent and the final establishing of a new democratic political dispensation within South-Africa. The church reacted on both these developments with the accommodating Ecumenical Theology and the structuring of an own contextual theological approach to assist the socio-political developments. The reaction of the church to the Industrial process ended in a striving for church renewal and the structuring of a new Industrial Ministry structure and policy. Both these church reactions indicated the need for a new Industrial Ministry model to direct the church during its future dealing with the ongoing transformation processes. The contents of existing international and the national Industrial Ministries were accommodated during the formulating of a new Industrial Ministry model with Word preaching and Christian counselling as the foundation of such a ministry. This was done to give a new dimension to Industrial Ministry and to assure a more workable church analysis of transformation. The final reflection on the findings of the study ended in a clear warning to the church to understand and to handle transformation properly or otherwise to suffer under some dire negative effects. OPSOMMING Hierdie studie ontleed die eietydse industriële, politieke en kerklike transformasieprosesse ten einde die kerklike hantering van hierdie eietydse gebeure sodanig te ontleed dat die kerklik-teologiese gebreke daarmee aangetoon en van daaruit die belangrike rol van Nywerheidsbediening tydens die kerklike hantering van transformasie duidelik sal word. Hierdie doelstelling lei eventueel tot die formulering van 'n Arbeidpsigologiese Nywerheidsbedieningsmodel waarmee die kerk transformasie beter kan ontleed, verstaan en hanteer. In die proses is die kerklike probleme tydens transformasie ontleed, 'n prakties- teologiese gerigtheid as 'n oplossing vir die bestaande knelpunte bepaal, die toepaslike wetenskaplike metodes vir die analisering van die transformasiegebeure omskryf en die noue relasie tussen die transformasieprosesse aanvaar. Die industriële transformasieprosesse is as 'n wêreldgebeure tipeer omdat die nywerheidsomgewing planmatig 'n nuwe ekonomiese wêreldbedeling d.m.v. strategiese globaliseringsprosesse vestig. Vanuit hierdie soort aktiwiteite realiseer 'n nuwe binnelandse nywerheidsbedeling wat ingrypende invloede op die Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing uitoefen. Die politieke transformasieprosesse stimuleer die binnelandse veranderinge verder en wel omdat die politieke hantering van die internasionale politieke invloede sedert die Tweede Wêreldoorlog, die politieke bevryding in Afrika en die bestaande Suid-Afrikaanse sosio-politieke probleme eventueel in 'n nuwe demokratiese politieke bestel uitkulmineer. Die kerk reageer op beide ontwikkelinge deur vanuit die Ekumeniese Teologie 'n eie Kontekstuele fokus te vestig waarmee politieke verandering in Suid-Afrika bevorder of teengestaan word. Naas hierdie politieke gerigtheid realiseer ook 'n fokus op die nywerheidsgebeure waartydens 'n kerklike vernuwingsproses en 'n nuwe kerklike Nywerheidsbedieningsbeleid uitkristaliseer. Vanuit laasgenoemde ontwikkel die behoefte na 'n beter Nywerheidsbedieningsmodel waarmee die kerk die voortgaande transformasieprosesse kan hanteer. Met die ontwerp van die Arbeidpsigologiese model is beide internasionale gebruike en die bestaande Nywerheidsbedieningstruktuur en beleid benut. Van daaruit is die nuwe bedieningsmodel as 'n Woordgebeure en 'n spesifieke pastoraat omskryf in 'n poging om 'n noodsaaklike nuwe dimensie aan die kerklik-teologiese hantering van eietydse transformasie te verleen. Aan die einde geskied 'n refleksie oor die bevindinge en volg enkele waarskuwings oor die negatiewe kerklike resultate wat vanuit 'n foutiewe kerklik-teologiese die hantering van die eietydse transformasieprosesse sal realiseer.Philosophy, Practical and Systematic TheologyDTH (PRACTICAL THEOLOGY
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