Design and Investigation of Genetic Algorithmic and Reinforcement Learning Approaches to Wire Crossing Reductions for pNML Devices

Perpendicular nanomagnet logic (pNML) is an emerging post-CMOS technology which encodes binary data in the polarization of single-domain nanomagnets and performs operations via fringing field interactions. Currently, there is no complete top-down workflow for pNML. Researchers must instead simultaneously handle place-and-route, timing, and logic minimization by hand. These tasks include multiple NP-Hard subproblems, and the lack of automated tools for solving them for pNML precludes the design of large-scale pNML circuits

Solving the Schrödinger Equation with Genetic Algorithms: A Practical Approach

The Schrödinger equation is one of the most important equations in physics and chemistry and can be solved in the simplest cases by computer numerical methods. Since the beginning of the 1970s, the computer began to be used to solve this equation in elementary quantum systems, and, in the most complex case, a ‘hydrogen-like’ system. Obtaining the solution means finding the wave function, which allows predicting the physical and chemical properties of the quantum system. However, when a quantum system is more complex than a ‘hydrogen-like’ system, we must be satisfied with an approximate solution of the equation. During the last decade, application of algorithms and principles of quantum computation in disciplines other than physics and chemistry, such as biology and artificial intelligence, has led to the search for alternative techniques with which to obtain approximate solutions of the Schrödinger equation. In this work, we review and illustrate the application of genetic algorithms, i.e., stochastic optimization procedures inspired by Darwinian evolution, in elementary quantum systems and in quantum models of artificial intelligence. In this last field, we illustrate with two ‘toy models’ how to solve the Schrödinger equation in an elementary model of a quantum neuron and in the synthesis of quantum circuits controlling the behavior of a Braitenberg vehicle

Cellular Automata

Modelling and simulation are disciplines of major importance for science and engineering. There is no science without models, and simulation has nowadays become a very useful tool, sometimes unavoidable, for development of both science and engineering. The main attractive feature of cellular automata is that, in spite of their conceptual simplicity which allows an easiness of implementation for computer simulation, as a detailed and complete mathematical analysis in principle, they are able to exhibit a wide variety of amazingly complex behaviour. This feature of cellular automata has attracted the researchers' attention from a wide variety of divergent fields of the exact disciplines of science and engineering, but also of the social sciences, and sometimes beyond. The collective complex behaviour of numerous systems, which emerge from the interaction of a multitude of simple individuals, is being conveniently modelled and simulated with cellular automata for very different purposes. In this book, a number of innovative applications of cellular automata models in the fields of Quantum Computing, Materials Science, Cryptography and Coding, and Robotics and Image Processing are presented

Crosstalk computing: circuit techniques, implementation and potential applications

Title from PDF of title [age viewed January 32, 2022Dissertation advisor: Mostafizur RahmanVitaIncludes bibliographical references (page 117-136)Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Computing and Engineering. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2020This work presents a radically new computing concept for digital Integrated Circuits (ICs), called Crosstalk Computing. The conventional CMOS scaling trend is facing device scaling limitations and interconnect bottleneck. The other primary concern of miniaturization of ICs is the signal-integrity issue due to Crosstalk, which is the unwanted interference of signals between neighboring metal lines. The Crosstalk is becoming inexorable with advancing technology nodes. Traditional computing circuits always tries to reduce this Crosstalk by applying various circuit and layout techniques. In contrast, this research develops novel circuit techniques that can leverage this detrimental effect and convert it astutely to a useful feature. The Crosstalk is engineered into a logic computation principle by leveraging deterministic signal interference for innovative circuit implementation. This research work presents a comprehensive circuit framework for Crosstalk Computing and derives all the key circuit elements that can enable this computing model. Along with regular digital logic circuits, it also presents a novel Polymorphic circuit approach unique to Crosstalk Computing. In Polymorphic circuits, the functionality of a circuit can be altered using a control variable. Owing to the multi-functional embodiment in polymorphic-circuits, they find many useful applications such as reconfigurable system design, resource sharing, hardware security, and fault-tolerant circuit design, etc. This dissertation shows a comprehensive list of polymorphic logic gate implementations, which were not reported previously in any other work. It also performs a comparison study between Crosstalk polymorphic circuits and existing polymorphic approaches, which are either inefficient due to custom non-linear circuit styles or propose exotic devices. The ability to design a wide range of polymorphic logic circuits (basic and complex logics) compact in design and minimal in transistor count is unique to Crosstalk Computing, which leads to benefits in the circuit density, power, and performance. The circuit simulation and characterization results show a 6x improvement in transistor count, 2x improvement in switching energy, and 1.5x improvement in performance compared to counterpart implementation in CMOS circuit style. Nevertheless, the Crosstalk circuits also face issues while cascading the circuits; this research analyzes all the problems and develops auxiliary circuit techniques to fix the problems. Moreover, it shows a module-level cascaded polymorphic circuit example, which also employs the auxiliary circuit techniques developed. For the very first time, it implements a proof-of-concept prototype Chip for Crosstalk Computing at TSMC 65nm technology and demonstrates experimental evidence for runtime reconfiguration of the polymorphic circuit. The dissertation also explores the application potentials for Crosstalk Computing circuits. Finally, the future work section discusses the Electronic Design Automation (EDA) challenges and proposes an appropriate design flow; besides, it also discusses ideas for the efficient implementation of Crosstalk Computing structures. Thus, further research and development to realize efficient Crosstalk Computing structures can leverage the comprehensive circuit framework developed in this research and offer transformative benefits for the semiconductor industry.Introduction and Motivation -- More Moore and Relevant Beyond CMOS Research Directions -- Crosstalk Computing -- Crosstalk Circuits Based on Perception Model -- Crosstalk Circuit Types -- Cascading Circuit Issues and Sollutions -- Existing Polymorphic Circuit Approaches -- Crosstalk Polymorphic Circuits -- Comparison and Benchmarking of Crosstalk Gates -- Practical Realization of Crosstalk Gates -- Poential Applications -- Conclusion and Future Wor

A comprehensive survey on cultural algorithms

Peer reviewedPostprin

Fault and Defect Tolerant Computer Architectures: Reliable Computing With Unreliable Devices

This research addresses design of a reliable computer from unreliable device technologies. A system architecture is developed for a fault and defect tolerant (FDT) computer. Trade-offs between different techniques are studied and yield and hardware cost models are developed. Fault and defect tolerant designs are created for the processor and the cache memory. Simulation results for the content-addressable memory (CAM)-based cache show 90% yield with device failure probabilities of 3 x 10(-6), three orders of magnitude better than non fault tolerant caches of the same size. The entire processor achieves 70% yield with device failure probabilities exceeding 10(-6). The required hardware redundancy is approximately 15 times that of a non-fault tolerant design. While larger than current FT designs, this architecture allows the use of devices much more likely to fail than silicon CMOS. As part of model development, an improved model is derived for NAND Multiplexing. The model is the first accurate model for small and medium amounts of redundancy. Previous models are extended to account for dependence between the inputs and produce more accurate results

Nature-Inspired Interconnects for Self-Assembled Large-Scale Network-on-Chip Designs

Future nano-scale electronics built up from an Avogadro number of components needs efficient, highly scalable, and robust means of communication in order to be competitive with traditional silicon approaches. In recent years, the Networks-on-Chip (NoC) paradigm emerged as a promising solution to interconnect challenges in silicon-based electronics. Current NoC architectures are either highly regular or fully customized, both of which represent implausible assumptions for emerging bottom-up self-assembled molecular electronics that are generally assumed to have a high degree of irregularity and imperfection. Here, we pragmatically and experimentally investigate important design trade-offs and properties of an irregular, abstract, yet physically plausible 3D small-world interconnect fabric that is inspired by modern network-on-chip paradigms. We vary the framework's key parameters, such as the connectivity, the number of switch nodes, the distribution of long- versus short-range connections, and measure the network's relevant communication characteristics. We further explore the robustness against link failures and the ability and efficiency to solve a simple toy problem, the synchronization task. The results confirm that (1) computation in irregular assemblies is a promising and disruptive computing paradigm for self-assembled nano-scale electronics and (2) that 3D small-world interconnect fabrics with a power-law decaying distribution of shortcut lengths are physically plausible and have major advantages over local 2D and 3D regular topologies

Generative Music with Partitioned Quantum Cellular Automata

Cellular automata (CA) are abstract computational models of dynamic systems that change some features with space and time. Music is the art of organising sounds in space and time, and it can be modelled as a dynamic system. Hence, CA are of interest to composers working with generative music. The art of generating music with CA hinges on the design of algorithms to evolve patterns of data and methods to render those patterns into musical forms. This paper introduces methods for creating original music using partitioned quantum cellular automata (PQCA). PQCA consist of an approach to implementing CA on quantum computers. Quantum computers leverage properties of quantum mechanics to perform computations differently from classical computers, with alleged advantages. The paper begins with some explanations of background concepts, including CA, quantum computing, and PQCA. Then, it details the PQCA systems that we have been developing to generate music and discusses practical examples. PQCA-generated materials for Qubism, a professional piece of music composed for London Sinfonietta, are included. The PQCA systems presented here were run on real quantum computers rather than simulations thereof. The rationale for doing so is also discussed.</jats:p

Control of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System

265 p.In the era of sustainable development, proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell technology has shown significant potential as a renewable energy source. This thesis focuses on improving the performance of the PEM fuel cell system through the use of appropriate algorithms for controlling the power interface. The main objective is to find an effective and optimal algorithm or control law for keeping the stack operating at an adequate power point. Add to this, it is intended to apply the artificial intelligence approach for studying the effect of temperature and humidity on the stack performance. The main points addressed in this study are : modeling of a PEM fuel cell system, studying the effect of temperature and humidity on the PEM fuel cell stack, studying the most common used power converters in renewable energy systems, studying the most common algorithms applied on fuel cell systems, design and implementation of a new MPPT control method for the PEM fuel cell system