On the Dimensionality and Utility of Convolutional Autoencoder’s Latent Space Trained with Topology-Preserving Spectral EEG Head-Maps

Electroencephalography (EEG) signals can be analyzed in the temporal, spatial, or frequency domains. Noise and artifacts during the data acquisition phase contaminate these signals adding difficulties in their analysis. Techniques such as Independent Component Analysis (ICA) require human intervention to remove noise and artifacts. Autoencoders have automatized artifact detection and removal by representing inputs in a lower dimensional latent space. However, little research is devoted to understanding the minimum dimension of such latent space that allows meaningful input reconstruction. Person-specific convolutional autoencoders are designed by manipulating the size of their latent space. A sliding window technique with overlapping is employed to segment varied-sized windows. Five topographic head-maps are formed in the frequency domain for each window. The latent space of autoencoders is assessed using the input reconstruction capacity and classification utility. Findings indicate that the minimal latent space dimension is 25% of the size of the topographic maps for achieving maximum reconstruction capacity and maximizing classification accuracy, which is achieved with a window length of at least 1 s and a shift of 125 ms, using the 128 Hz sampling rate. This research contributes to the body of knowledge with an architectural pipeline for eliminating redundant EEG data while preserving relevant features with deep autoencoders