2,724 research outputs found
Multimedia Networks: Fundamentals and Future Directions
Multimedia has become an integral part of computing and communications environment, and networks are carrying ever-increasing volume of multimedia information. The main characteristics of multimedia information are high-volume and bursty traffic, with low tolerance to delay and delay variance. The legacy networks (designed in 70s and 80s) are not able to meet these requirements. Enhancements to the older networking technologies have been developed to convert these into multimedia networks. Enhancements to LANs include Switched Ethernet, Isochronous Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, 100VGAnyLAN, FDDI-II, and Synchronous FDDI. WAN options for multimedia networking include digital leased lines and ISDN. The Internet has revolutionized business and personal communications, but falls short of being a genuine multimedia network. To make the Internet capable of carrying multimedia traffic, new protocols such as MBone, ST-II, RTP, and RSVP have been developed. Internet2 is a new initiative that is aimed at overcoming the problems of throughput, delay and jitter encountered on the original Internet. One technology that was developed with multimedia networking as one of its main applications, is the Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) technology. Upcoming Gigabit Ethernet technology will provide a path for upgrading current Ethernet networks into multimedia networks
Data distribution satellite
A description is given of a data distribution satellite (DDS) system. The DDS would operate in conjunction with the tracking and data relay satellite system to give ground-based users real time, two-way access to instruments in space and space-gathered data. The scope of work includes the following: (1) user requirements are derived; (2) communication scenarios are synthesized; (3) system design constraints and projected technology availability are identified; (4) DDS communications payload configuration is derived, and the satellite is designed; (5) requirements for earth terminals and network control are given; (6) system costs are estimated, both life cycle costs and user fees; and (7) technology developments are recommended, and a technology development plan is given. The most important results obtained are as follows: (1) a satellite designed for launch in 2007 is feasible and has 10 Gb/s capacity, 5.5 kW power, and 2000 kg mass; (2) DDS features include on-board baseband switching, use of Ku- and Ka-bands, multiple optical intersatellite links; and (3) system user costs are competitive with projected terrestrial communication costs
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Performance modelling of a multiple threshold RED mechanism for bursty and correlated Internet traffic with MMPP arrival process
Access to the large web content hosted all over the world by users of the Internet engage
many hosts, routers/switches and faster links. They challenge the internet backbone to operate at
its capacity to assure e±cient content access. This may result in congestion and raises concerns over
various Quality of Service (QoS) issues like high delays, high packet loss and low throughput of the
system for various Internet applications. Thus, there is a need to develop effective congestion control
mechanisms in order to meet various Quality of Service (QoS) related performance parameters. In this
paper, our emphasis is on the Active Queue Management (AQM) mechanisms, particularly Random
Early Detection (RED). We propose a threshold based novel analytical model based on standard RED
mechanism. Various numerical examples are presented for Internet traffic scenarios containing both the
burstiness and correlation properties of the network traffic
Applying Formal Methods to Networking: Theory, Techniques and Applications
Despite its great importance, modern network infrastructure is remarkable for
the lack of rigor in its engineering. The Internet which began as a research
experiment was never designed to handle the users and applications it hosts
today. The lack of formalization of the Internet architecture meant limited
abstractions and modularity, especially for the control and management planes,
thus requiring for every new need a new protocol built from scratch. This led
to an unwieldy ossified Internet architecture resistant to any attempts at
formal verification, and an Internet culture where expediency and pragmatism
are favored over formal correctness. Fortunately, recent work in the space of
clean slate Internet design---especially, the software defined networking (SDN)
paradigm---offers the Internet community another chance to develop the right
kind of architecture and abstractions. This has also led to a great resurgence
in interest of applying formal methods to specification, verification, and
synthesis of networking protocols and applications. In this paper, we present a
self-contained tutorial of the formidable amount of work that has been done in
formal methods, and present a survey of its applications to networking.Comment: 30 pages, submitted to IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorial
Performance measurement methodology for integrated services networks
With the emergence of advanced integrated services networks, the need for effective
performance analysis techniques has become extremely important. Further
advancements in these networks can only be possible if the practical performance
issues of the existing networks are clearly understood. This thesis is concerned with
the design and development of a measurement system which has been implemented on
a large experimental network.
The measurement system is based on dedicated traffic generators which have been
designed and implemented on the Project Unison network. The Unison project is a
multisite networking experiment for conducting research into the interconnection and
interworking of local area network based multi-media application systems. The traffic
generators were first developed for the Cambridge Ring based Unison network. Once
their usefulness and effectiveness was proven, high performance traffic generators
using transputer technology were built for the Cambridge Fast Ring based Unison
network. The measurement system is capable of measuring the conventional
performance parameters such as throughput and packet delay, and is able to
characterise the operational performance of network bridging components under
various loading conditions. In particular, the measurement system has been used in a
'measure and tune' fashion in order to improve the performance of a complex bridging
device.
Accurate measurement of packet delay in wide area networks is a recognised problem.
The problem is associated with the synchronisation of the clocks between the distant
machines. A chronological timestamping technique has been introduced in which the
clocks are synchronised using a broadcast synchronisation technique. Rugby time
clock receivers have been interfaced to each generator for the purpose of
synchronisation.
In order to design network applications, an accurate knowledge of the expected
network performance under different loading conditions is essential. Using the
measurement system, this has been achieved by examining the network characteristics
at the network/user interface. Also, the generators are capable of emulating a variety
of application traffic which can be injected into the network along with the traffic
from real applications, thus enabling user oriented performance parameters to be
evaluated in a mixed traffic environment.
A number of performance measurement experiments have been conducted using the
measurement system. Experimental results obtained from the Unison network serve to
emphasise the power and effectiveness of the measurement methodology
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