From Capability Training to Capacity Building

Service design is now firmly established as an important approach for driving innovation and change in the public sector. This is evident by the growing number of public sector service design projects, by the emergence of innovation labs in governments around the world, by dedicated events such as the 'Service Design in Government' conference in the UK (now in its 4th year) and an increasing body of academic research looking at the impact and value of service design in the public sector. One of the key barriers to service design implementation is the capability and capacity available to in-house teams of council officers tasked to deliver and improve the service. This is an important issue to address if service design is to truly fulfil its potential to drive innovation in the public sector. And yet, as a community of practice, we don’t often discuss the importance of service design training in the public sector. This article attempts to highlight a range of approaches to service design training and capability building in the public sector using examples from different parts of the world

Bounding network spectra for network design

The identification of the limiting factors in the dynamical behavior of complex systems is an important interdisciplinary problem which often can be traced to the spectral properties of an underlying network. By deriving a general relation between the eigenvalues of weighted and unweighted networks, here I show that for a wide class of networks the dynamical behavior is tightly bounded by few network parameters. This result provides rigorous conditions for the design of networks with predefined dynamical properties and for the structural control of physical processes in complex systems. The results are illustrated using synchronization phenomena as a model process.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figure

Bicriteria Network Design Problems

We study a general class of bicriteria network design problems. A generic problem in this class is as follows: Given an undirected graph and two minimization objectives (under different cost functions), with a budget specified on the first, find a <subgraph \from a given subgraph-class that minimizes the second objective subject to the budget on the first. We consider three different criteria - the total edge cost, the diameter and the maximum degree of the network. Here, we present the first polynomial-time approximation algorithms for a large class of bicriteria network design problems for the above mentioned criteria. The following general types of results are presented. First, we develop a framework for bicriteria problems and their approximations. Second, when the two criteria are the same %(note that the cost functions continue to be different) we present a ``black box'' parametric search technique. This black box takes in as input an (approximation) algorithm for the unicriterion situation and generates an approximation algorithm for the bicriteria case with only a constant factor loss in the performance guarantee. Third, when the two criteria are the diameter and the total edge costs we use a cluster-based approach to devise a approximation algorithms --- the solutions output violate both the criteria by a logarithmic factor. Finally, for the class of treewidth-bounded graphs, we provide pseudopolynomial-time algorithms for a number of bicriteria problems using dynamic programming. We show how these pseudopolynomial-time algorithms can be converted to fully polynomial-time approximation schemes using a scaling technique.Comment: 24 pages 1 figur

Sonet Network Design Problems

This paper presents a new method and a constraint-based objective function to solve two problems related to the design of optical telecommunication networks, namely the Synchronous Optical Network Ring Assignment Problem (SRAP) and the Intra-ring Synchronous Optical Network Design Problem (IDP). These network topology problems can be represented as a graph partitioning with capacity constraints as shown in previous works. We present here a new objective function and a new local search algorithm to solve these problems. Experiments conducted in Comet allow us to compare our method to previous ones and show that we obtain better results

Active beamforming network design

This paper describe the design and implementation of multi beam antenna array using active beam forming network for wireless local area networks (WLAN) operating at 2.4 GHz band frequency. In this paper, four beam patterns generated by incorporated a rectangular patch antenna array with active beam forming network using switch line phase shifter. The radiation patterns measurement of multibeam antenna using active beam forming is compared with passive beam forming network using butler matrix. It shows that the multibeam antenna can be produced using this active beam forming network by switching the RF diode towards the required phase shift of the circuit. The comparison between active and passive beamforming have been made and discuss

Design of Network-based Security System for Windows Nt Network Operations to Achieve Efficiency

In building a network of points that a lot of attention is on the network operatingsystem installation and implementation of network security systems and maintenanceof existing network systems. Data security is very important but because it provideswindows applications security system that can protect applications that are used bythe user that is using the mandatory profile and policy editor. a user is restricted tolimit the network but also users can create security on the local drive directory is usedso it can not be accessed by anyone, including supervisors

Network Design with Coverage Costs

We study network design with a cost structure motivated by redundancy in data traffic. We are given a graph, g groups of terminals, and a universe of data packets. Each group of terminals desires a subset of the packets from its respective source. The cost of routing traffic on any edge in the network is proportional to the total size of the distinct packets that the edge carries. Our goal is to find a minimum cost routing. We focus on two settings. In the first, the collection of packet sets desired by source-sink pairs is laminar. For this setting, we present a primal-dual based 2-approximation, improving upon a logarithmic approximation due to Barman and Chawla (2012). In the second setting, packet sets can have non-trivial intersection. We focus on the case where each packet is desired by either a single terminal group or by all of the groups, and the graph is unweighted. For this setting we present an O(log g)-approximation. Our approximation for the second setting is based on a novel spanner-type construction in unweighted graphs that, given a collection of g vertex subsets, finds a subgraph of cost only a constant factor more than the minimum spanning tree of the graph, such that every subset in the collection has a Steiner tree in the subgraph of cost at most O(log g) that of its minimum Steiner tree in the original graph. We call such a subgraph a group spanner.Comment: Updated version with additional result

Network support for integrated design

A framework of network support for utilization of integrated design over the Internet has been developed. The techniques presented also applicable for Intranet/Extranet. The integrated design system was initially developed for local application in a single site. With the network support, geographically dispersed designers can collaborate a design task through out the total design process, quickly respond to clients’ requests and enhance the design argilty. In this paper, after a brief introduction of the integrated design system, the network support framework is presented, followed by description of two key techniques involved: Java Saverlet approach for remotely executing a large program and online CAD collaboration