Techniques de coopération dans les réseaux à radio cognitive : conception et évaluation des performances

RÉSUMÉ La technologie de radio cognitive permet aux usagers sans licence (appelés usagers secondaires) de transmettre dans les bandes de fréquences avec licence, sans dégrader la qualité de service des transmissions des usagers avec licence (appelés usagers primaires). Afin d’éviter l’interférence indésirable aux récepteurs primaires, les émetteurs secondaires doivent réduire leurs puissances de transmission. Cette limitation de puissance génère généralement des performances secondaires dégradées. Combiner la technologie à radio cognitive à d’autres technologies de transmission émergentes comme la coopération et la technologie des antennes multiples pourrait bénéficier aux transmissions primaires et secondaires. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons et étudions différentes techniques de coopération pour le réseau à radio cognitive. Certaines techniques exploitent la sélection d’antennes ou bien le pré-codage à un seul relai à plusieurs antennes, alors que d’autres utilisent la sélection de relai(s) lorsque plusieurs relais à une seule antenne sont disponibles pour assister la transmission primaire, la transmission secondaire ou les deux simultanément. Le problème d’allocation de puissance ou de pré-codage associé est étudié, et les expressions exactes des probabilités de blocage primaire et/ou secondaire ou de capacité ergodique secondaire sont dérivées. Pour certaines des techniques proposées, la connaissance imparfaite des canaux de transmission est prise en compte, modifiant ainsi la résolution du problème d’allocation de puissance ou de pré-codage associé. Nous montrons par analyse et simulation que chacune des techniques de coopération proposée est capable d’améliorer considérablement la performance secondaire, tout en respectant la qualité de service primaire. Ces performances dépassent d’une manière significative celles des techniques de transmission conventionnelles (techniques coopératives ou non) utilisées dans le contexte du réseau à radio cognitive.---------- ABSTRACT Cognitive radio technology allows unlicensed users (called secondary users) to transmit on the licensed frequency bands, without degrading the quality-of-service of the licensed users’ transmissions (called primary users). In order to avoid undesirable interference at the primary receivers, the secondary transmitters have to limit their transmit power. This limitation may cause performance degradation for the secondary transmissions. Combining cognitive radio with other emerging technologies, such as user cooperation and multiple antennas may have many benefits on both the primary and secondary transmissions. In this dissertation, we propose and investigate different cooperation techniques for the cognitive radio network. Some of the proposed techniques exploit antenna selection or precoding at one multi-antenna relay node, while the other proposed techniques use relay(s) selection when several single-antenna relay nodes are available to assist either the primary, the secondary or both transmissions simultaneously. The associated power allocation problem or pre-coding problem is investigated and the exact expressions of the primary and secondary outage probabilities or the secondary ergodic capacity are derived. For some of the proposed techniques, the imperfect knowledge of the channel states at the secondary transmitters is taken into account, hence modifying the power allocation or pre-coding process. We show by analysis and simulation that each of the proposed cooperation technique is able to improve significantly the secondary performance with respect to the primary Quality-of-Service. The realized performances outperform those of conventional transmission techniques used in the context of cognitive radio networks

Principles of Physical Layer Security in Multiuser Wireless Networks: A Survey

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the domain of physical layer security in multiuser wireless networks. The essential premise of physical-layer security is to enable the exchange of confidential messages over a wireless medium in the presence of unauthorized eavesdroppers without relying on higher-layer encryption. This can be achieved primarily in two ways: without the need for a secret key by intelligently designing transmit coding strategies, or by exploiting the wireless communication medium to develop secret keys over public channels. The survey begins with an overview of the foundations dating back to the pioneering work of Shannon and Wyner on information-theoretic security. We then describe the evolution of secure transmission strategies from point-to-point channels to multiple-antenna systems, followed by generalizations to multiuser broadcast, multiple-access, interference, and relay networks. Secret-key generation and establishment protocols based on physical layer mechanisms are subsequently covered. Approaches for secrecy based on channel coding design are then examined, along with a description of inter-disciplinary approaches based on game theory and stochastic geometry. The associated problem of physical-layer message authentication is also introduced briefly. The survey concludes with observations on potential research directions in this area.Comment: 23 pages, 10 figures, 303 refs. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1303.1609 by other authors. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, 201

Applications of Repeated Games in Wireless Networks: A Survey

A repeated game is an effective tool to model interactions and conflicts for players aiming to achieve their objectives in a long-term basis. Contrary to static noncooperative games that model an interaction among players in only one period, in repeated games, interactions of players repeat for multiple periods; and thus the players become aware of other players' past behaviors and their future benefits, and will adapt their behavior accordingly. In wireless networks, conflicts among wireless nodes can lead to selfish behaviors, resulting in poor network performances and detrimental individual payoffs. In this paper, we survey the applications of repeated games in different wireless networks. The main goal is to demonstrate the use of repeated games to encourage wireless nodes to cooperate, thereby improving network performances and avoiding network disruption due to selfish behaviors. Furthermore, various problems in wireless networks and variations of repeated game models together with the corresponding solutions are discussed in this survey. Finally, we outline some open issues and future research directions.Comment: 32 pages, 15 figures, 5 tables, 168 reference