End-of-waste criteria for waste plastic for conversion. Technical proposals.

This report is the JRC-IPTS contribution to the development of the end-of-waste criteria for waste plastic in accordance with Article 6 of Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on waste (the Waste Framework Directive). This report includes a possible set of end-of-waste criteria and shows how the proposals were developed based on a comprehensive techno-economic analysis of the waste plastic production chain and an analysis of the economic, environmental and legal impacts when such waste plastic ceases to be waste. The purpose of end-of-waste criteria is to avoid confusion about the waste definition and to clarify when certain waste that has undergone recovery ceases to be waste. Recycling should be supported by creating legal certainty and an equal level playing field compared to virgin material production, and by removing unnecessary administrative burdens. The end-of-waste criteria are defined as to provide a high level of environmental protection and an environmental and economic benefit to the recycling chain of the material under study.JRC.J.5-Sustainable Production and Consumptio

Compost and digestate: sustainability, benefits, impacts for the environment and for plant production

This proceedings volume contains the papers presented at the CODIS 2008 congress held on 27 - 29 February 2008 in Solothurn (Switzerland).The composting and digestion of biogenic waste materials and the subsequent application of compost and digestate to soil contributes to nutrient recycling and renewable energy production. Moreover, compost and digestate can improve soil fertility and suppress plant diseases. On the other hand, compost and digestate may also contain a variety of pollutants hazardous to soil, such as heavy metals and organic contaminants.Compost and digestate have been thoroughly investigated in the framework of two associated projects entitled Organic Pollutants in Compost and Digestate in Switzerland and Effects of Composts and Digestate on the Environment, Soil Fertility and Plant Health. These projects yielded new insights into the properties of compost and digestate, mainly with regard to biological parameters and the occurrence of both classic and emerging organic pollutants.The CODIS 2008 congress was the final event of these two projects

Spartan Daily, April 1, 1986

Volume 86, Issue 39https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/spartandaily/7428/thumbnail.jp

Bendit_I/O: A System for Extending Mediated and Networked Performance Techniques to Circuit-Bent Devices

Circuit bending—the act of modifying a consumer device\u27s internal circuitry in search of new, previously-unintended responses—provides artists with a chance to subvert expectations for how a certain piece of hardware should be utilized, asking them to view everyday objects as complex electronic instruments. Along with the ability to create avant-garde instruments from unique and nostalgic sound sources, the practice of circuit bending serves as a methodology for exploring the histories of discarded objects through activism, democratization, and creative resurrection. While a rich history of circuit bending continues to inspire artists today, the recent advent of smart musical instruments and the growing number of hybrid tools available for creating connective musical experiences through networks asks us to reconsider the ways in which repurposed devices can continue to play a role in modern sonic art. Bendit_I/O serves as a synthesis of the technologies and aesthetics of the circuit bending and Networked Musical Performance (NMP) practices. The framework extends techniques native to the practices of telematic and network art to hacked hardware so that artists can design collaborative and mediated experiences that incorporate old devices into new realities. Consisting of user-friendly hardware and software components, Bendit_I/O aims to be an entry point for novice artists into both of the creative realms it brings together. This document presents details on the components of the Bendit_I/O framework along with an analysis of their use in three new compositions. Additional research serves to place the framework in historical context through literature reviews of previous work undertaken in the circuit bending and networked musical performance practices. Additionally, a case is made for performing hacked consumer hardware across a wireless network, emphasizing how extensions to current circuit bending and NMP practices provide the ability to probe our relationships with hardware through collaborative, mediated, and multimodal methods

Desenvolvimento de equipamento lúdico de processamento de plástico reciclado

This project aims to increase literacy related to plastics recycling, associated technological processes and the creation of new products made with this raw material. Plastic materials present and contribute to a shallow environmental impact throughout their life cycle, except at the end of life. If discarded into the environment, they will be a source of contamination for thousands of years. It is therefore essential, on one hand, to develop recycling processes and incorporate this raw material in new products and, on the other hand, to create acceptance of these products made with recycled raw material in society. The circular economy is an alternative to the current linear, make, use, dispose of, economy model, to keep resources in use for as long as possible, extract the most value from them while in use, and recover and regenerate products and materials at the end of their service life. The Precious Plastics project was started in 2013 by Dave Hakkens (Netherlands) and replicated in several locations worldwide. The University of Aveiro, in collaboration with Design Factory Aveiro and with the support of the project "INTEGRA@TEC -Transfer of integrated skills and generating business innovation in the Central Region". It developed a set of recycled plastics processing equipment in 2019, which integrated the Smart Plastic Lab, which has a pole in the Department of Mechanical Engineering. Students have already used the equipment, professors and researchers for several scientific-technological dissemination and exploration actions, namely activities of the Summer Academy of the University of Aveiro, hackathons of the OceanWisee project and several masters' works. They will now also be in Precious Plastics Aveiro, a project to be developed by the University of Aveiro. This project was funded by the Portuguese Institute for Sports and Youth through the Youth Participatory Budget Portugal, which will bring together new equipment adapted for better transportability to be taken to presentations. The project Precious Plastics Aveiro aims to create a creative recycling unit, with offsite activities developed by the Living Science Centre Factory and activities in the Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Environment and Planning, as well as in the Design Factory Aveiro.O presente projeto visa contribuir para o aumento da literacia relacionada com a reciclagem de plásticos, dos processos tecnológicos associados e da criação de novos produtos feitos com esta matéria-prima, de uma forma lúdica. Os materiais plásticos apresentam e contribuem para um muito baixo impacto ambiental ao longo do seu ciclo de vida, exceto no final de vida, pois se descartados para o meio ambiente serão fonte de contaminação por milhares de anos. Importa, pois, por um lado desenvolver processos de reciclagem e incorporação desta matéria-prima em novos produtos e por outro lado criar aceitação destes produtos feitos com matéria-prima reciclada na sociedade. É neste contexto que o presente projeto tem a sua génese, inspirado no projeto Precious Plastics, um projeto de desenvolvimento de equipamento de reciclagem de plástico aberto (“open source”), assente num conjunto de máquina e ferramentas que trituram, fundem e injetam plástico reciclado, permitindo a criação de novos produtos a partir de plástico reciclado em pequena escala. O projeto Precious Plastics iniciado em 2013 por Dave Hakkens (Países Baixos) tem vindo a ser replicado em vários pontos do mundo, tendo a Universidade de Aveiro, em parceria com a Design Factory Aveiro, apoiados pelo projeto “INTEGRA@TEC –Transferência de competências integradas e geradoras de inovação empresarial na Região Centro”, desenvolvido, em 2019, um conjunto de equipamentos de processamento de plásticos reciclados que integraram o Smart Plastic Lab, que dispõe de um polo no Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica da Universidade de Aveiro e um segundo polo na Design Factory Aveiro do Parque Ciência e Inovação. Os equipamentos serviram já diversas ações de disseminação e exploração cientifico-tecnológica, nomeadamente atividades da Academia de Verão da Universidade de Aveiro, hackathons do projeto OceanWise diversos trabalhos de mestrado. Serão agora enquadrados também no projeto Precious Plastics Aveiro, um projeto a ser desenvolvido pela Universidade de Aveiro. Este é financiado pelo Instituto Português do Desporto e Juventude por via do Orçamento Participativo Jovem Portugal, que juntará novos equipamentos, adaptados para uma maior transportabilidade, de modo a serem levados às escolas do ensino básico e secundário. O projeto Precious Plastics Aveiro tem como objetivo a criação de uma unidade de reciclagem criativa, com atividades deslocalizadas desenvolvidas pela Fábrica Centro de Ciência Viva, e atividades nos Departamentos de Engenharia Mecânica e de Ambiente e Ordenamento, assim como na Design Factory Aveiro.Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânic

Summary report on a review of biological mechanisms for application to instrument design, Volume III

Biological mechanisms for application of instrument design - mechanoreception, chemoreception, thermoreception, photoreception, and electro-receptors and magnetic field sensor

Multi-product cost and value stream modelling in support of business process analysis

To remain competitive, most Manufacturing Enterprises (MEs) need cost effective and responsive business processes with capability to realise multiple value streams specified by changes in customer needs. To achieve this, there is the need to provide reusable computational representations of organisational structures, processes, information, resources and related cost and value flows especially in enterprises realizing multiple products. Current best process mapping techniques do not suitably capture attributes of MEs and their systems and thus dynamics associated with multi-product flows which impact on cost and value generation cannot be effectively modelled and used as basis for decision making. Therefore, this study has developed an integrated multiproduct dynamic cost and value stream modelling technique with the embedded capability of capturing aspects of dynamics associated with multiple product realization in MEs. The integrated multiproduct dynamic cost and value stream modelling technique rests on well experimented technologies in the domains of process mapping, enterprise modelling, system dynamics and discrete event simulation modelling. The applicability of the modelling technique was tested in four case study scenarios. The results generated out of the application of the modelling technique in solving key problems in case study companies, showed that the derived technique offers better solutions in designing, analysing, estimating cost and values and improving processes required for the realization of multiple products in MEs, when compared with current lean based value stream mapping techniques. Also the developed technique provides new modelling constructs which best describe process entities, variables and business indicators in support of enterprise systems design and business process (re) engineering. In addition to these benefits, an enriched approach for translating qualitative causal loop models into quantitative simulation models for parametric analysis of the impact of dynamic entities on processes has been introduced. Further work related to this research will include the extension of the technique to capture relevant strategic and tactical processes for in-depth analysis and improvements. Also further research related to the application of the dynamic producer unit concept in the design of MEs will be required

Marine Anthropogenic Litter

Freshwater & Marine Ecolog