Fuzzy Graphs

In this paper, neighbourly irregular fuzzy graphs, neighbourly total irregular fuzzy graphs, highly irregular fuzzy graphs and highly total irregular fuzzy graphs are introduced. A necessary and sufficient condition under which neighbourly irregular and highly irregular fuzzy graphs are equivalent is provided. We define d2 degree of a vertex in fuzzy graphs and total d2 -degree of a vertex in fuzzy graphs and (2, k)-regular fuzzy graphs, totally (2, k)- regular fuzzy graphs are introduced. (2, k)- regular fuzzy graphs and totally (2, k)-regular fuzzy graphs are compared through various examples

Slovenia's national security in a new European environment

'Als neukonstituierter Nationalstaat steht Slowenien vor der Aufgabe, Konzepte, Richtlinien, und Institutionen für die nationale Sicherheit auszuarbeiten. Das geschieht unter den Bedingungen eines jungen Staates in einem gewandelten Europa, weshalb nicht nur die eigenen außenpolitischen Erfahrungen und Grundsätze zu berücksichtigen sind, sondern ebenso die dynamischen Begleitumstände, die sich in vielfältigen Vorschlägen und Bemühungen um Integration nach Europa äußern. Nur vor diesem Hintergrund ist zu verstehen, wie Slowenien sich ein neues Netz für seine nationale Sicherheit knüpft, und ebenso lassen sich auf dieser Basis die slowenischen Bemühungen um Teilnahme am europäischen Integrationsprozeß und um Beitritt zur NATO und zur Europäischen Union verfolgen.' (Autorenreferat)'As a newly established nation-state Slowenia continues to develop concepts, politicies, and institutions to provide for its national security. She does so as a young country in a new Europe and must consider not only her own experiences, principles and international politics, but also the dynamic environment of the multifaceted proposals and efforts at European integration. These are the basic considerations for understanding the process whereby Slovenia is forming a new national security network, both internally and on the international level, and also for following Slovenia's endeavours to participate in the European integration process and join NATO and the European Union.' (author's abstract

Hearing voices: A narrative analysis of the senate inquiry into the social and economic impacts of rural wind farms

This is a preliminary examination of the public debate initiated as a result of the rapid expansion of wind farms in rural spaces. The study is based on a sample of submissions to the Senate Inquiry, The Social and Economic Impact of Rural Wind Farms (2011). Using a narrative analysis (Riessman 2008), the study identifies the issues raised in support of, or opposition to, wind farm developments in south-west Victoria. Narratives of personal loss or personal gain and by extension, community gain, were used to frame the stories. The narratives of loss struggled to connect to a contemporary public discourse and were as a result marginalised. The narratives of gain were found to link more successfully to themes with national and international currency that allowed the narratives to assume a 'just' stance. This study may be useful for others who engage, communicate and negotiate in the context of further wind farm developments

Working class community in the era of affluence : sociability and identity in a Yorkshire town, 1945-1980

This thesis presents a qualitative case-study of the impact of post-war affluence on working-class ways of life in the small town of Beverley, focussed particularly on sociability and identity. The thesis argues that sociological and historical concern with the decline of forms of ‘traditional working-class community’ amongst mobile populations in the 1950s and 1960s has obscured recognition of the continuing importance and vitality of local community for many working-class people in this period.Those who argued that there was a decline of community during the age of affluence (approximately 1955-1975) posited a transition from ‘traditional’ to new forms of working-class life – the present thesis suggests that in so doing, authors exaggerated both the communality of the ‘traditional’ working classes and the individualism of newly affluent workers. In Beverley, individualism and status divisions existed alongside communal sociability and mutuality in working-class streets before the age of affluence. The rising living standards of the 1950s and 1960s did not coincide with an appreciable shift towards ‘privatised nuclear families’.I am not arguing only for continuity. In the years of austerity of the 1940s, prior to the affluent decades, some streets were the focus of female sociability and mutual assistance to an extent not apparent in the 1970s. From the 1950s, rising wages, improved housing, and the availability of consumer goods such as cars and televisions allowed many to engage in new forms of sociable leisure. Post-war ideological emphasis on the companionate marriage and child-centred parenting also influenced social behaviour. But companions for both new and old forms of sociability were largely family, friends and acquaintances who also lived in the town – Beverley as a whole remained a remarkably complete social world for many of its residents.The thesis explores connections between structural features, local social networks, and an apparently strong sense of ‘Beverlonian’ identity during the affluent era. Beverley was a relatively small town with considerable demographic continuity, and residents reported that it felt like a knowable community; post-war council and private housing estates were built close to older neighbourhoods and therefore did not disrupt the social networks and connection to place of those who moved into them, as was often the case in larger cities; a range of industrial workplaces and a civil society of clubs and associations were contexts for the formation of local social networks and also gave residents a sense of their town as a distinct community with its own history and a measure of self-determination; civil society promoted the idea of a town community discursively through civic ceremony and in the pages of the local newspaper

Social networks. families and neighbourhoods: brancepeth parish in the seventeenth century

Brancepeth parish is situated in County Durham in the north of England. In the seventeenth century the parish contained seven townships. This study questions the Idea of the parish as a single social community by examining social networks between families living within the different townships of the parish. The study is based on a Family Reconstitution which was undertaken in order to reconstruct the life-cycles of family groups who lived in the farms and villages of Brancepeth parish in the seventeenth century. Wills, inventories, land records, the Hearth Tax and a church seating plan have been used to assess the kinds of families represented by the Family Reconstitution in Brancepeth. The scale and structure of social interactions between families have been investigated using Ucinet social network analysis software. The networks analysed were based on witnessing wills, appraising inventories, loans of money made on trust, kinship and surnames. The results clearly point to the existence of a number of social communities within the parish population, the importance of neighbours, and the presence of kin within the neighbourhood. The findings of this study are discussed in the context of the economic structure of the parish, the influence of recusancy, and the history and culture of the population. The study concludes that Brancepeth parish in the seventeenth century had many of the features of a traditional medieval society, in an early modern world

Location and group size influence decisions in simulated intergroup encounters in banded mongooses

In social species that cooperatively defend territories the decision to retreat or attack in contests between groups is likely to depend on ecological and social factors. Previous studies have emphasized the importance of the encounter location or the size of competing groups on the outcome. In addition, the identity of the intruder, whether familiar or stranger, may also play a role. To test whether the same factors affect the resident group's decisions already at the beginning of contests, we simulated intergroup encounters in banded mongooses (Mungos mungo). When spotting rival groups banded mongooses emit "screeching calls” which lead group members to bunch up. With playbacks of these calls, we tested how the groups' response was affected by the following factors: 1) the location of the playback in relation to their territory (exclusive use vs. overlap); 2) the number of resident individuals; and 3) the origin of calls (neighbor vs. stranger) used. Subjects were more likely to approach the loudspeakers and arrive within 1 m of the speakers in the exclusive use zone than in the overlap zone. Moreover, larger groups tended to be more likely to move toward the loudspeakers and were also more likely to arrive there. The origin of calls used in the playbacks did not affect the groups' responses. These findings exemplify the importance of the combined effect of location and group size on group decisions during impending intergroup contes

Key competencies of traders in municipal markets: case study in the Livramento Market of Setubal

Purpose – This study aims to analyse the role and importance of trader’s competencies in the context of mu nicipal markets. It is proposed to define the ideal competences profile of traders (ICPT) in a municipal market – Livramento Market of Setubal, Portugal – attending to their key competencies, to assess the degree of simi larity between the actual profile of the traders and the ICPT. Design/methodology/approach – A case study was carried out with a quantitative approach through the application of a survey to individuals of the various stakeholders’ groups (N = 36) related to the municipal markets. Findings – The ordering the relative importance of the competencies allowed to obtain the ICPT, highlight ing the greater importance of more technical competencies in detrimental of soft competencies. Each of the competence’s profiles identified by the different groups were compared to the ICPT and high percentages of similarity were obtained (greater than 70%). Research implications – This study assists professional associations and managers in the design of local mar ket management models with a focus on competencies, guiding their efforts towards the development of the most relevant competencies for professional practice. Originality/value – Its originality is based on the lack of research studies focused on the analysis of the com petences of the players in the municipal markets. The analysis of the central role of a profession that is little valued, and little studied in the national context serves as an anchor for other studies on the competencies of these professionals.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio