15,715 research outputs found
Application of the Kelly Criterion to Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Processes
In this paper, we study the Kelly criterion in the continuous time framework
building on the work of E.O. Thorp and others. The existence of an optimal
strategy is proven in a general setting and the corresponding optimal wealth
process is found. A simple formula is provided for calculating the optimal
portfolio for a set of price processes satisfying some simple conditions.
Properties of the optimal investment strategy for assets governed by multiple
Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes are studied. The paper ends with a short
discussion of the implications of these ideas for financial markets.Comment: presented at Complex'2009 (Shanghai, Feb. 23-25
Rebalancing Frequency Considerations for Kelly-Optimal Stock Portfolios in a Control-Theoretic Framework
In this paper, motivated by the celebrated work of Kelly, we consider the
problem of portfolio weight selection to maximize expected logarithmic growth.
Going beyond existing literature, our focal point here is the rebalancing
frequency which we include as an additional parameter in our analysis. The
problem is first set in a control-theoretic framework, and then, the main
question we address is as follows: In the absence of transaction costs, does
high-frequency trading always lead to the best performance? Related to this is
our prior work on betting, also in the Kelly context, which examines the impact
of making a wager and letting it ride. Our results on betting frequency can be
interpreted in the context of weight selection for a two-asset portfolio
consisting of one risky asset and one riskless asset. With regard to the
question above, our prior results indicate that it is often the case that there
are no performance benefits associated with high-frequency trading. In the
present paper, we generalize the analysis to portfolios with multiple risky
assets. We show that if there is an asset satisfying a new condition which we
call dominance, then an optimal portfolio consists of this asset alone; i.e.,
the trader has "all eggs in one basket" and performance becomes a constant
function of rebalancing frequency. Said another way, the problem of rebalancing
is rendered moot. The paper also includes simulations which address practical
considerations associated with real stock prices and the dominant asset
condition.Comment: To appear in the Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Decision and
Control, Miami Beach, FL, 201
Well-temperate phage: optimal bet-hedging against local environmental collapses
Upon infection of their bacterial hosts temperate phages must chose between
lysogenic and lytic developmental strategies. Here we apply the game-theoretic
bet-hedging strategy introduced by Kelly to derive the optimal lysogenic
fraction of the total population of phages as a function of frequency and
intensity of environmental downturns affecting the lytic subpopulation.
"Well-temperate" phage from our title is characterized by the best long-term
population growth rate. We show that it is realized when the lysogenization
frequency is approximately equal to the probability of lytic population
collapse. We further predict the existence of sharp boundaries in system's
environmental, ecological, and biophysical parameters separating the regions
where this temperate strategy is optimal from those dominated by purely
virulent or} dormant (purely lysogenic) strategies. We show that the virulent
strategy works best for phages with large diversity of hosts, and access to
multiple independent environments reachable by diffusion. Conversely,
progressively more temperate or even dormant strategies are favored in the
environments, that are subject to frequent and severe temporal downturns.Comment: 26 pages, 3 figure
The Viability of Trade Union Organisation: A Bargaining Unit Analysis
The paper develops a model of trade union behaviour based on the concept of the viable bargaining unit. Bargaining unit viability rests on five conditions; membership level, service level, membership participation, employer recognition and facilities. Viability is achieved by mobilisation of both members and employers. Trade unions may be seen as portfolios of viable and inviable bargaining units. From this, six propositions about trade union structure and behaviour are derived, concerning scale, growth, the impact of statutory recognition provisions, the emergence of conglomerate unions, governance structures and relations with employers. Employer dependence is a crucial element in the model and a simple game theoretic approach is used to discuss employer co-operation. A key conclusion is that viability at the union level is achieved by diversifying portfolios of bargaining units and securing co-operative relations with employers.Unions, structure, strategy
Practical implementation of the Kelly criterion: optimal growth rate, number of trades, and rebalancing frequency for equity portfolios
We develop a general framework to apply the Kelly criterion to the stock market data, and consequently, to portfolio optimization. Under few conditions, using Monte Carlo simulations with different scenarios we prove that the Kelly criterion beats any other approach in many aspects. In particular, it maximizes the expected growth rate and the median of the terminal wealth. We also show that, under a normal distribution of returns, the Kelly criterion has the best performance in the long run. Next, we optimize a portfolio with the Kelly criterion with no leverage and no short selling conditions and show that this portfolio lays in the mean-variance efficient frontier and has higher expected return and higher variance, although it is less diversified, respect to the tangent portfolio optimized under the Markowitz approach. Finally, we implement a dynamic strategy applied on the European stock market data and compare the results between the tangent and the optimal Kelly portfolios. In a dynamic setting, the rolling Kelly portfolio outperforms competitors particularly in the case of rebalanced portfolios optimized with a 2-years window width
The Kelly Criterion : An empricial study of the growth optimal Kelly portfolio, backtested on the Oslo Stock Exchange
This study analyzes the performance of the growth optimal Kelly portfolio on the Norwegian
stock market from February 2003 through December 2022. To measure the strategy’s alpha,
we employ the Capital Asset Pricing Model, Fama French’s three-factor model and Carhart’s
four-factor model. The Kelly portfolio generates a higher annual growth rate than the
benchmark, and consequently a higher ending wealth level. Our results indicate that the
strategy generates an annualized alpha of 16.8%, significant on a 1% level. However, the
models show very poor explanatory power, prohibiting us from drawing a meaningful
conclusion. Furthermore, when accounting for transaction costs, the portfolio no longer
achieves a higher wealth level than the benchmark, and the corresponding alpha is only
significant on a 10% level, indicating that the strategy is unable to generate risk-adjusted
excess returns in the real world.nhhma
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