Review on Nanorobot as a Nanomachine and Biomedicine

Nanorobotics is the technology of producing robots or machines with very small scale or Miniscale of a nanometer (10-9 meters), machines constructed at the molecular level (Nano machines) may Be used to detect or identify and cure the human body of its various diseases like cancer. Nano robots are Very good accuracy they perform a specific task with great accuracy and precision at very small scale or Nanoscale dimension. A recent discovery in the field of drug Delivery is target therapy, which improves the diagnostic tests and Medical devices. Nanotechnology is going to revolutionize the world. According to the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI). Nowadays these nano robots play a vital role in the field of Bio Medicine. In the pharma-world, the applications of Nanotechnology mean drugs containing nano-sized active ingredients. They are well used to cure HIV, Cancer, Surgery, Bloodstream, gene therapy, Kidney stone removal and other harmful disease they Can restore lost tissue at the cellular level, useful for monitoring, Diagnosing and fighting sickness. The main purpose is to cure many dreadful Diseases in human body

Recent Advances of Mechanical Engineering Applications in Medicine and Biology

Background: Mechanics is an area of science dealing with the behavior of physical bodies (solids and fluids) undergoing action of forces, it comprised of statics, kinetics and kinematics.  The advances and research in Applied Mechanics has wide application in almost fields of study including medicine and biology. In this paper, the relationship between mechanical engineering and medicine and biological sciences is investigated based on its application in these two sacred fields. Some emergent mechanical techniques applied in medical sciences and practices are presented. Methods: Emerging applications of mechanical engineering in medical and biological sciences are presented and investigated including: biomechanics, nanomechanics and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Results: This review article presents some recent advances of mechanical engineering applications in medicine and biology. Specifically, this work focuses on three major subjects of interests:  Biomechanics that is increasingly being recognized as an important application of mechanical fundamentals in biomedical and biological sciences and practices, biomechanics can play a crucial role in both injury prevention as well as performance enhancement of living systems. Novel techniques of nanomechanics including: Carbon nanotubes  applications in therapy, DNA recognition, immunology and antiviral resistance. Nanorobotics that combines between nanotechnology, mechanics and new biomaterials to design and develop nanorobots based bacteria and biochips; these nanoscale robots can be involved in biomedical applications, particularly for the treatment of cancer, cerebral aneurysm treatment, kidney stones removal surgery, treatment of pathology, elimination of defected parts in the DNA structure, and some other treatments to save human lives. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools that contribute on the understanding of blood flows, human organs dynamics and surgical options simulation. Conclusion: Recent advances of mechanical applications in medicine and biology are carried out in this review, such as biomechanics, nanomechanics and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). As perspectives, mechanical scholars and engineers can involve these cited applications in their researches to solve many problems and issues that doctors and biologists cannot

Nanotechnology and medicine improvement

Nanotechnology has become an extraordinarily hopeful area in several human domains. Many scientific disciplines are developing their works in this area since the emergence of nanoscale, giving their contribution to the development of nanosciences. Many recent researches in areas as physical sciences, molecular engineering, biology, biotechnology and medicine for example are contributing for the investigation of biosystems at a nanoscale. Nanotechnology and nanobiosystems are becoming a privileged domain to reach an advanced level in the human development in many fields, as the examples of the biotechnology processes, the synthesis of new drugs and their delivery on a live body, the regenerative medicine and the new technologies in medicine (biotechnology and nanotechnology), body area networks for telemedicine (nanomedicine, nanoimaging, nanotechnological implants, in-body diagnostic systems, nanobiomedical wired devices, etc), or the application on the sustainability of the environment. Nanoscale may provide the tools to get improved conditions to investigate biosystems and to get advances with nanomaterials. These nanoscales, used in biosystems, contribute to enhance very innovative and promising results in medical area. Improvements in the telemedicine and on health are expectable with new systems operations and new nanotechniques. Many ethical problems and also legal and social implications are posed and the need for discussing this theme shows the importance of nanotechnology to the society and the consequences, both positive and negative, that the development of nanotechnology will have to mankind in the future.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Nanotechnology applications: the future arrived suddenly

There is already a significant time, but it gives the sensation of an extremely short period – nanotechnology has become one of the most promising scientific hopes in innumerable human domains. Now the hope became reality. Countless scientific studies in several areas of knowledge have been made since the nanoscale emergence, carrying their contribution to the nanoscience development. The recent researches in this field allowed the union of interests among several areas, such as physical sciences, molecular engineering, biology, biotechnology, and medicine, contributing to the investigation of biosystems at a nanoscale. This chapter begins by discussing nanotechnology in a general way. Then nanotechnology and its applications in industry, in electronics, and in medicine are presented, and some discussion is proposed in order to define the boundaries for the advances in those areas. In the end, nanotechnology is discussed in terms of ethics and the borders that nanotechnology applications must satisfy, and concluding notes are presented, highlighting the results of the analysis. Important considerations are made about the close connection between ethics and the nanotechnology and the effects over the society and values. Some future directions for the research are suggested.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Modeling, Simulation and Validation of a Bio-Inspired and Self-Powered Miniature Pressure Sensing System for Monitoring Cerebral Intra Aneurysmal Pressure

Intracranial aneurysm rupture is one of the main cause for the intracranial bleeding. A brain aneurysm is an abnormal focal bulging of the arteries in the brain. As an aneurysm grows, its wall becomes thinner and weaker, which is more prone to rupture. Rupture of the intracranial aneurysm leads to releasing blood into the spaces around the brain - called a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). 10 to 15% of the patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage die immediately. To prevent aneurysmal bleeding, it is essential to seclude the aneurysm from the blood circulation. This can be done with open craniotomy with microsurgical clipping and minimally invasive endovascular surgery. One of endovascular surgical technique is to place stent/flow-diverter across the neck of the aneurysm. The stent across the aneurysm reduces the flow within the aneurysm and help to form the thrombus within the aneurysm. However, approximately 3% people with the flow- diverter treatment may have delayed aneurysm bleeding after the stent placement. Short-term studies show that the stents can reduce the flow within the aneurysm but not the pressure. Currently there is no other device available to measure the intracranial intraaneurysmal pressure. This work is on designing a bio-inspired, self-powered, passively operated PVDF pressure sensor that can be deployed within the aneurysm, during flow diverting endovascular treatment that is very sensitive to small changes in pressure. The design utilizes the ear mechanics benefits by consisting of the circular vibrating membrane which vibrates based on the intraaneursymal pressure changes. This mimic the tympanic membrane part of the ear. The design continues to follow the middle ear’s mechanical advantage mechanism by incorporating the surface area increase and leverage mechanism, by the other side of the vibrating membrane been connected to three pole-links structures similar to the three bones of the middle ear to perform the middle ear’s amplification mechanism. This is followed by a composite cantilever beam structure with the sensor strips, which mimics the coiled cochlea of the inner ear in elongated form. This piezoelectric sensor strips are responsible for the passive mechanoelectrical conversion and generation of electric voltage, for the intraaneursymal pressure change application. Simulation, experiments and analysis at every level are done. Simulation and experimental result correlate and match the modeling

Design and Modeling of Nano-Robots Control in Medicine

This study aimed to present a new model to develop and expand nanotechnology in particular in the field of medicine.  The subject under study focus on the control design of nano-robots for bio-molecular assembly manipulation, and use of evolutionary factors as a suitable method to gain the adaptive properties for proposed model is needed. Moreover, the study use of neural networks as the most practical method for the optimization problem of robot motion using a sensor based system. Thus, the study proposes a useful method within advanced graphics simulation for nano-assembly automation with its focus on an applied model for nano-medicine. Therefore, the study results should provide a great impact for effective design of control instrumentation, helping in the development of nanotechnology. The presented nano-robot model is required to survive and interact with a complex environment. Furthermore the nano-robot has to consider a pre-defined set of tasks both in a competitive scenario and in a collective environment. Nano-robot in a three-dimensional environment monitors organ inlets’ nutritional levels, and assembling new biomolecules into that have to be delivered to the organ inlets with higher priority during each moment of our dynamic simulation. The nano-robot must avoid fuzzy obstacles, and must with proper time and manner react in real time for an environment requiring continuous control. In order to achieve the most pre-programmed set of behaviors the nano-robot uses a local perception through simulated sensors to effectively interact with the surrounding environment. The development of new concepts on nano-mechatronics and automation theory is focused on the problem of molecular machine systems. Finally a novel adaptive optimal method is described and the model validation through the application of nano-robot control design for nano-medicine confirmed

Le Concept des Nano-robots et leurs applications

La nano-robotique est une discipline scientifique qui devient de plus en plus populaire compte tenu des perspectives qu’elle ouvre à travers beaucoup d’applications. Les champs d’application de la nano-robot sont immense : la technologie des matériaux, le spatial, l'écologie, l'informatique, l'électronique, les communications, la chimie etc. Mais La discipline qui est en train d’être révolutionnée par ces nouvelles applications de la nano-robotique est la médecine et la pharmacie. C’est pourquoi dans cet article, après un survol sur la théorie du nano-monde, le reste du document a été centré sur les applications en médecine. Les dernières avancées remarquables sur l’application des nano-robots en médicine ont été compilées. Leurs avantages, radicalement révolutionnaires, sur le traitement de certaines maladies ont été montrés

Nanotechnology applications in industry and medicine

Since some time ago, nanotechnology has become one of the most promising scientific hopes in several human domains. Countless scientific studies in several areas of knowledge have been made since the nanoscale emergence, bringing their contribution to the nanoscience development. The recent researches in this field allowed the union of interests from several areas, such as physical sciences, molecular engineering, biology, biotechnology and medicine for example, contributing to the investigation of Biosystems at a nanoscale. Nanotechnology and nanobiosystems are becoming a privileged domain in order to reach an advanced level in the human development in many fields, as: a) the biotechnology processes; b) the synthesis of new drugs and their delivery on a live bod; c) the regenerative medicine and the new technologies in medicine: biotechnology and nanotechnology, body area networks for telemedicine – nanomedicine, nanoimaging, nanotechnological implants, in-body diagnostic systems, nanobiomedical wired devices, etc. ;d) the application on the sustainability of the environment. Nanoscale can provide the tools to get better conditions to investigate Biosystems and to get advances with nanomaterials. These nanoscales, used in Biosystems, contribute to enhance very innovative and promising results in medical area. Improvements in the telemedicine and on health are expectable with new systems operations and new nanotechniques. Ethical, legal and social implications are posed and the need for discussing this theme shows the importance of nanotechnology to the society and the consequences, both positive and negative, that the development of nanotechnology will have to mankind in the future.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio