933 research outputs found
Internet Censorship: An Integrative Review of Technologies Employed to Limit Access to the Internet, Monitor User Actions, and their Effects on Culture
The following conducts an integrative review of the current state of Internet Censorship in China, Iran, and Russia, highlights common circumvention technologies (CTs), and analyzes the effects Internet Censorship has on cultures. The author spends a large majority of the paper delineating China’s Internet infrastructure and prevalent Internet Censorship Technologies/Techniques (ICTs), paying particular attention to how the ICTs function at a technical level. The author further analyzes the state of Internet Censorship in both Iran and Russia from a broader perspective to give a better understanding of Internet Censorship around the globe. The author also highlights specific CTs, explaining how they function at a technical level. Findings indicate that among all three nation-states, state control of Internet Service Providers is the backbone of Internet Censorship. Specifically, within China, it is discovered that the infrastructure functions as an Intranet, thereby creating a closed system. Further, BGP Hijacking, DNS Poisoning, and TCP RST attacks are analyzed to understand their use-case within China. It is found that Iran functions much like a weaker version of China in regards to ICTs, with the state seemingly using the ICT of Bandwidth Throttling rather consistently. Russia’s approach to Internet censorship, in stark contrast to Iran and China, is found to rely mostly on the legislative system and fear to implement censorship, though their technical level of ICT implementation grows daily. TOR, VPNs, and Proxy Servers are all analyzed and found to be robust CTs. Drawing primarily from the examples given throughout the paper, the author highlights the various effects of Internet Censorship on culture – noting that at its core, Internet Censorship destroys democracy
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Silicon compilation
Silicon compilation is a term used for many different purposes. In this paper we define silicon compilation as a mapping from some higher level description into layout. We define the basic issues in structural and behavioral silicon compilation and some possible solutions to those issues. Finally, we define the concept of an intelligent silicon compiler in which the compiler evaluates the quality of the generated design and attempts to improve it if it is not satisfactory
Neighbor-Specific BGP: More Flexible Routing Policies While Improving Global Stability
Please Note: This document was written to summarize and facilitate discussion
regarding (1) the benefits of changing the way BGP selects routes to selecting
the most preferred route allowed by export policies, or more generally, to
selecting BGP routes on a per-neighbor basis, (2) the safety condition that
guarantees global routing stability under the Neighbor-Specific BGP model, and
(3) ways of deploying this model in practice. A paper presenting the formal
model and proof of the stability conditions was published at SIGMETRICS 2009
and is available online
Peering, Transit, Interconnection: Internet Access in Central Europe
This paper presents a review of the alternatives for Internet access in Central Europe and the evolution of the
market, the regulation, and the technology. The change in peering, the reduction in transport costs, the reduction
in transit costs have dramatically changed the overall supply side of the market for Internet services in Central
Europe. This paper assess the current market and how these regulatory and technological changes are
accelerating the demand side as well and how such alternative paradigms for interconnection may impact other
regional markets
Level 3 Communications, LLC v. Utah Public Service Commission and Qwest Corporation : Brief of Appellee
Petition for Review of a Final Report and Order of the Public Service Commission of Uta
Low-Latency Routing on Mesh-Like Backbones
Early in in the Internet's history, routing within a single provider's WAN centered on placing traffic on the shortest path. More recent traffic engineering efforts aim to reduce congestion and/or increase utilization within the status quo of greedy shortest-path first routing on a sparse topology. In this paper, we argue that this status quo of routing and topology is fundamentally at odds with placing traffic so as to minimize latency for users while avoiding congestion. We advocate instead provider backbone topologies that are more mesh-like, and hence better at providing multiple low-latency paths, and a routing system that directly considers latency minimization and congestion avoidance while dynamically placing traffic on multiple unequal-cost paths. We offer a research agenda for achieving this new low-latency approach to WAN topology design and routing
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