ViewMap: Sharing Private In-Vehicle Dashcam Videos

Today, search for dashcam video evidences is conducted manually and its procedure does not guarantee privacy. In this paper, we motivate, design, and implement ViewMap, an automated public service system that enables sharing of private dashcam videos under anonymity. ViewMap takes a profile-based approach where each video is represented in a compact form called a view profile (VP), and the anonymized VPs are treated as entities for search, verification, and reward instead of their owners. ViewMap exploits the line-of-sight (LOS) properties of dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) such that each vehicle makes VP links with nearby ones that share the same sight while driving. ViewMap uses such LOS-based VP links to build a map of visibility around a given incident, and identifies VPs whose videos are worth reviewing. Original videos are never transmitted unless they are verified to be taken near the incident and anonymously solicited. ViewMap offers untraceable rewards for the provision of videos whose owners remain anonymous. We demonstrate the feasibility of ViewMap via field experiments on real roads using our DSRC testbeds and trace-driven simulations.We sincerely thank our shepherd Dr. Ranveer Chandra and the anonymous reviewers for their valuable feedback. This work was supported by Samsung Research Funding Center for Future Technology under Project Number SRFC-IT1402-01

Emergence of Informal Sector Firms in International Business

This paper highlights the emergence of Informal Sector Firms (ISFs) in international business. Due to increasing size and significance of the informal economy in the global context (particularly emerging markets), we attempt to understand the characteristics and relevance of the ISFs. The globally distributed diamond industry thrives in the atmosphere of secrecy and informality that envelops the diamond trade and has for long been labeled as an unorganized sector of the world economy. However, it resembles a close-knit community, composed of thousands of informal sector firms (ISFs) which exports cut and polished diamonds worth USD 20 billion annually while the collective output of ISFs in an emerging economy (India) enjoys a 95 percent market share of net global exports. It is suggested that due to lack of formal systems, ISFs may be largely influenced by their societal cultures which in turn plays a role in the internationalization of ISFs.

OpenDSU: Digital Sovereignty in PharmaLedger

Distributed ledger networks, chiefly those based on blockchain technologies, currently are heralding a next generation of computer systems that aims to suit modern users' demands. Over the recent years, several technologies for blockchains, off-chaining strategies, as well as decentralised and respectively self-sovereign identity systems have shot up so fast that standardisation of the protocols is lagging behind, severely hampering the interoperability of different approaches. Moreover, most of the currently available solutions for distributed ledgers focus on either home users or enterprise use case scenarios, failing to provide integrative solutions addressing the needs of both. Herein we introduce the OpenDSU platform that allows to interoperate generic blockchain technologies, organised - and possibly cascaded in a hierarchical fashion - in domains. To achieve this flexibility, we seamlessly integrated a set of well conceived OpenDSU components to orchestrate off-chain data with granularly resolved and cryptographically secure access levels that are nested with sovereign identities across the different domains. Employing our platform to PharmaLedger, an inter-European network for the standardisation of data handling in the pharmaceutical industry and in healthcare, we demonstrate that OpenDSU can cope with generic demands of heterogeneous use cases in both, performance and handling substantially different business policies. Importantly, whereas available solutions commonly require a pre-defined and fixed set of components, no such vendor lock-in restrictions on the blockchain technology or identity system exist in OpenDSU, making systems built on it flexibly adaptable to new standards evolving in the future.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figure

From Conventional Methods to Contemporary Neural Network Approaches:Financial Fraud Detection

This chapter provides insights on the underlying reasons to replace the conventional methods with contemporary approaches—the neural network-based machine learning methods—in financial fraud detection. To do this, we perform a systematic literature review on the evolution of financial fraud detection literature over the years from traditional techniques toward more advanced approaches such as modern machine learning methods like artificial neural networks. Additionally, this chapter provides concise chronological progress of the fraud literature and country-specific fraud-related regulations to draw a better framework and give the idea behind the corpus. Using the metadata in the existing literature, we show both benefits and costs of using machine learning-based methods in financial fraud detection. An accurate prediction using contemporary approaches is essential to minimize the potential costs of fraudulent financial activities for stakeholders, reduce the adverse effects of fraudsters’ and companies’ fraudulent activities, and increase trust in capital markets via continuous fraud risk assessment of companies

Corporate governance in Turkey: implications for investments and growth

Background Paper for Turkey’s Investment Climate Assessment 200

Absorptive capacity for responding to environmental: change an assessment of three public-sector agencies

In a time of global environmental instability, public-sector organisations that manage and protect natural resources, which are needed for human wellbeing, play an increasingly important role. These organisations frequently have to weigh up the costs and benefits of managing natural resources and their services for the public good. Management of social-ecological systems is commonly characterised by uncertainty, disagreement and trade-offs. In South Africa, these challenges are compounded by the fact that mandated organisations are often inadequately resourced in terms of finances, skilled staff and infrastructure. In order to maintain the resilience and robustness of social-ecological systems, public-sector organisations need to cultivate a set of dynamic capabilities, with strong emphasis on learning from their experiences and adapting their management strategies, to innovate and improve their performances. Absorptive capacity (AC) has been described as the ability of an organisation to recognise the value of new external information, acquire it and assimilate it within the organisation, transforming it by applying it with existing knowledge and exploiting the new knowledge for benefit. Organisations with good AC are able to recognise rapidly changing environments and address them by renewing and building on their levels of skill, knowledge and capability to deal with change. This construct has been extensively researched in industries related to business and technology, where its development has been found to stimulate innovative capabilities. There has, however, been little research into its relevance for public-sector organisations or organisations with environmental mandates. This study used methodological triangulation to assess the perceptions of employees on the current state of AC in three public-sector organisations with environmental mandates. This was done to gain insight into their capacity to absorb information and apply their new knowledge in decision-making, in a manner that navigates through environmental change. The key findings of this research suggest that knowledge transformation and exploitation are enhanced by in-house research capabilities and cross-functional interface between internal departments. These findings also suggest that the acquisition of knowledge is not only determined by the in-house research capacity but also depends on the resources available to these departments in terms of time, finances and skilled staff. There was minimal evidence of knowledge exploitation; however, obstacles that were highlighted as hindering this process included individual responsibility and motivation, as well as general organisation capacities, such as communication hierarchies, funding, time and organisational silos. This research found that the well-studied concept of AC can be used as an institutional mechanism to assess and promote adaptive capacity in public-sector organisations with environmental mandates to navigate and innovate through the Anthropocene

Global dynamic E-marketplaces, and their role in the internet-based economy

Collaboration capabilities are what will most probably create the gap between winners and losers in business-to-business (B2B) commerce. In this context, the electronic marketplace (EM) comes as a medium for trade and collaboration, and a common entry point where partners can share business processes and adopt a decentralized business model fuelled by market evolution. The thesis illustrates the advantages of collaborative business and presents the information technologies that support it. The purpose of this thesis is to educate both the author and the reader on the technology and infrastructure that supports collaborative business and to posit that among the three major information technology infrastructures that enable B2B commerce, the EM model provides significant advantages for individual companies and industries compared to Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and Peer-to-Peer (P2P). The thesis identifies key tools and value-added services EM\u27s should provide their participants to meet the requirements of modern companies and the Internet-based economy. Finally, the thesis suggests potential impacts of EM\u27s on the modern business ecosystem